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Several high-throughput and sensitive immunoassays have been developed to quantify NfL in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), facilitating the use of NfL as a biomarker in research and clinical practice. However, because of the lack of rigorous comparisons of assays, it has been difficult to determine whether data are comparable and whether assay performance differs. Here, we compared the performance of five NfL immunoassays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0610_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the five NfL immunoassays (Fujirebio, ProteinSimple, Quanterix, Roche and Siemens), we used pooled plasma or pooled CSF, as well as unique samples from 20 healthy controls and 20 individuals with El Escorial defined probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), to evaluate precision, parallelism and\/or bias. We also examined correlations between plasma and CSF NfL concentrations within and across assays and evaluated their ability to differentiate healthy controls from individuals with\u00a0ALS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0610_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four of the five assays demonstrated exemplary performance based on our analyses of precision and parallelism. Across the five assays, NfL concentrations were lower in plasma than in CSF, although they displayed a high degree of correlation. We noted bias across assays; plasma NfL concentrations were lowest for the Roche assay and highest for the ProteinSimple assay. In addition, all assays reliably distinguished healthy controls from individuals with ALS using plasma or CSF\u00a0NfL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0610_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four NfL assays demonstrated similar analytic performance. Alongside performance, other factors such as costs, accessibility, usability, footprint, and intended use, should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2025-0610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T08:26:11Z","timestamp":1758097571000},"page":"410-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Measuring neurofilament light in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid: a comparison of five analytical immunoassays"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4360-7892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udit","family":"Sheth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience , Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville , FL , USA"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville , FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astex Pharmaceuticals , Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Ferber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics , Biogen , Cambridge , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin G.","family":"Rosenbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation at the National Institute of Health Inc. , North Bethesda , MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Bevis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation at the National Institute of Health Inc. , North Bethesda , MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohini","family":"Khillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation at the National Institute of Health Inc. , North Bethesda , MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Benatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and ALS Center , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Bjorklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration , King of Prussia , PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Di Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astex Pharmaceuticals , Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rainwater Charitable Foundation , Fort Worth , TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga I.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alector, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongge","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc , Rockville , MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry , Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , M\u00f6lndal , Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , M\u00f6lndal , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease , UCL Institute of Neurology , London , UK"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL , London , UK"},{"name":"Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHK , Hong Kong , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura L.","family":"Mitic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Bluefield Project to Cure Frontotemporal Dementia and the University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomarkers and Systems Biology , Biogen , Cambridge , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania F.","family":"Gendron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience , Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville , FL , USA"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville , FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031918102571148_j_cclm-2025-0610_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, A, Rao, MV, Veeranna, NRA. 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