{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:30:08Z","timestamp":1786696208604,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0994_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) offers substantial analytical advantages over traditional immunoassay methods, including greater specificity and robustness. Conventional LC-MS\/MS methods are labor-intensive, requiring highly trained, dedicated laboratory staff. The Cobas\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      i 601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd., Rotkreuz, Switzerland) is an automated, random-access, mass spectrometry (MS) system designed to improve workflows and reduce turnaround times. This study evaluated turnaround times for analyses with the i 601 analyzer vs. routine LC-MS\/MS using batch processing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0994_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a workflow analysis for six sets of analytes (mycophenolic acid, antibiotics, antiepileptics, voriconazole, testosterone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D) in seven laboratories across Europe, North America, and Asia. We recorded batch size, result turnaround times, and hands-on times (including quality control) for 93 batches analyzed on routine LC-MS\/MS. These were compared to equivalent measurements generated using the i 601 analyzer in batch mode as part of a prototype pilot study at Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0994_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Turnaround times were shorter with the i 601 analyzer vs. routine LC-MS\/MS for all tested workflows, independent of batch size and analyte workflow. Median time from batch start to final result availability with the i 601\u00a0analyzer was 6.8-fold shorter vs. routine LC-MS\/MS (1\u202fh,\u00a034\u202fmin vs. 10\u202fh, 37\u202fmin, respectively). In addition, median total hands-on time was 19-fold shorter with the i 601\u00a0analyzer vs. routine LC-MS\/MS (5 vs. 93\u202fmin).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0994_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with routine LC-MS\/MS methods, the i 601 analyzer substantially reduced turnaround and hands-on times for common analytes, regardless of batch\u00a0size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2025-0994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:57:16Z","timestamp":1769158636000},"page":"1382-1390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of six serum analyte workflows using routine liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods at multiple laboratories with the Cobas i 601 analyzer, an automated mass spectrometry system"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7076-061X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter","family":"Vermeersch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine , 60182 UZ Leuven , Leuven , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , Amsterdam UMC , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamaro","family":"Miyazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LSI Medience Corporation Central Laboratory , Tokyo , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mads","family":"Nybo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palle","family":"Fruekilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry J.","family":"Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Sciences , Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Diagnostics GmbH , Mannheim , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Diagnostics GmbH , Mannheim , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Slusarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Diagnostics GmbH , Mannheim , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2745-2475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Vogeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine , LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology , University of California San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"French, D. Clinical utility of laboratory developed mass spectrometry assays for steroid hormone testing. J\u00a0Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2023;28:13\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmsacl.2023.01.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsacl.2023.01.006"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaspar, VP, Ibrahim, S, Zahedi, RP, Borchers, CH. Utility, promise, and limitations of liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry\u2010based therapeutic drug monitoring in precision medicine. J\u00a0Mass Spectrom 2021;56:e4788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jms.4788.","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.4797"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keevil, BG. LC\u2013MS\/MS analysis of steroids in the clinical laboratory. Clin Biochem 2016;49:989\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2016.04.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2016.04.009"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Son, A, Kim, W, Park, J, Park, Y, Lee, W, Lee, S, et al.. Mass spectrometry advancements and applications for biomarker discovery, diagnostic innovations, and personalized medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25:9880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25189880.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25189880"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junger, S, Hoene, M, Shipkova, M, Danzl, G, Sch\u00f6berl, C, Peter, A, et al.. Automated LC-MS\/MS: ready for the clinical routine laboratory? J\u00a0Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2023;30:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmsacl.2023.07.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsacl.2023.07.001"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_006","unstructured":"Williams, EL. Automation and integration of LC-MS\/MS services into the clinical laboratory workflow. Clin Lab Int 2018;2018:22\u20134."},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leung, KSY, Fong, BMW. LC-MS\/MS in the routine clinical laboratory: has its time come? Anal Bioanal Chem 2014;406:2289\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-013-7542-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-7542-5"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johannessen Landmark, C, Eyal, S, Burns, ML, Franco, V, Johannessen, SI. Pharmacological aspects of antiseizure medications: from basic mechanisms to clinical considerations of drug interactions and use of therapeutic drug monitoring. Epileptic Disord 2023;25:454\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epd2.20069.","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.20069"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reuter, SE, Stocker, SL, Alffenaar, J-WC, Baldelli, S, Cattaneo, D, Jones, G, et al.. Optimal practice for vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring: position statement from the Anti-Infectives Committee of the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology. Ther Drug Monit 2022;44:121\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000944.","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000944"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taibon, J, Santner, T, Singh, N, Ibrahim, SC, Babitzki, G, K\u00f6ppl, D, et al.. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS\/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the quantification of aldosterone in human serum and plasma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023;61:1902\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2022-0996.","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2022-0996"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schierscher, T, Salzmann, L, Singh, N, Bachmann, M, Kobel, A, Wild, J, et al.. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS\/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the quantification of phenobarbital in human serum and plasma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024;62:1314\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2023-1104.","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-1104"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waldenmaier, HE, Gorre, E, Poltash, ML, Gunawardena, HP, Zhai, XA, Li, J, et al.. \u201cLab of the future\u201d\u2013today: fully automated system for high-throughput mass spectrometry analysis of biotherapeutics. J\u00a0Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023;34:1073\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jasms.3c00036.","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.3c00036"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogeser, M, Habler, K, Reuter, A, Schneider-Thauern, C. Research letter: pilot study of a prototype fully automated mass spectrometry system for routine clinical laboratory use. J\u00a0Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2024;34:44\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmsacl.2024.10.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsacl.2024.10.004"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Socea, JN, Stone, VN, Qian, X, Gibbs, PL, Levinson, KJ. Implementing laboratory automation for next-generation sequencing: benefits and challenges for library preparation. Front Public Health 2023;11:1195581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1195581.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1195581"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olesti, E, Boccard, J, Visconti, G, Gonz\u00e1lez-Ruiz, V, Rudaz, S. From a single steroid to the steroidome: trends and analytical challenges. J\u00a0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021;206:105797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105797.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105797"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pauwels, S, Antonio, L, Jans, I, Lintermans, A, Neven, P, Claessens, F, et al.. Sensitive routine liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for serum estradiol and estrone without derivatization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013;405:8569\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-013-7259-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-7259-5"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casetta, B, Jans, I, Billen, J, Vanderschueren, D, Bouillon, R. Development of a method for the quantification of 1alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 in serum by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry without derivatization. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 2010;16:81\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1255\/ejms.1024.","DOI":"10.1255\/ejms.1024"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig, K, Goethel, SF, Rusu, VM, Vogeser, M. Deproteination of serum samples for LC-MS\/MS analyses by applying magnetic micro-particles. Clin Biochem 2013;46:652\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.01.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.01.003"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van den Bossche, D, Peersman, N, Desmet, K, Vermeersch, P, Pauwels, S. Deproteination of whole blood for LC-MS\/MS using paramagnetic micro-particles. Clin Biochem 2014;47:112\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2014.06.078.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2014.06.078"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_020","unstructured":"Grebe, SK, Singh, RJ. LC-MS\/MS in the clinical laboratory\u00a0\u2013\u00a0where to from here? Clin Biochem Rev 2011;32:5\u201331."},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greaves, RF. LC-MS\/MS random access automation\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a game changer for the 24\/7 clinical laboratory. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024;62:1249\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2024-0501.","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2024-0501"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huttner, A, Harbarth, S, Hope, WW, Lipman, J, Roberts, JA. Therapeutic drug monitoring of the \u03b2-lactam antibiotics: what is the evidence and which patients should we be using it for? J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother 2015;70:3178\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkv201.","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv201"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khromov, T, Dihazi, GH, Brockmeyer, P, Fischer, A, Streit, F. Implementation and validation of a 24\/7 system for the monitoring of antiepileptic drugs. Front Neurol 2025;16:1493201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1493201.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1493201"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon, SJ, Lee, K, Oh, J, Woo, HI, Lee, S-Y. Experience with therapeutic drug monitoring of three antifungal agents using an LC-MS\/MS method in routine clinical practice. Clin Biochem 2019;70:14\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2019.06.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2019.06.003"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plebani, M. Harmonization in laboratory medicine: the complete picture. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013;51:741\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2013-0075.","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0075"},{"key":"2026081408005202523_j_cclm-2025-0994_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plebani, M. Harmonization in laboratory medicine: requests, samples, measurements and reports. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016;53:184\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10408363.2015.1116851.","DOI":"10.3109\/10408363.2015.1116851"}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2025-0994\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2025-0994\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:04:32Z","timestamp":1786694672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2025-0994\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/cclm-2025-0994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2025-0994","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-6621","1437-4331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-6621","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-4331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]}}}