{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:05:58Z","timestamp":1790633158287,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Monoclonal gammopathies (MGs) represent a diverse group of plasma cell disorders that range from asymptomatic premalignant conditions to aggressive malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM). Mass spectrometry (MS) based serum analysis offers a non-invasive, highly sensitive alternative to conventional techniques for identifying and quantifying M-proteins. It enables more precise assessment of treatment response and residual disease, particularly in patients with suspected complete response (CR), those not eligible for bone marrow procedures, or those treated with monoclonal antibodies that may interfere with standard assays. This guideline document, endorsed by the Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEMEDLAB) and the Spanish Society of Hematology (SEHH), provides comprehensive recommendations for the clinical and analytical application of MS in the detection and monitoring of M-proteins in patients with MGs. The document outlines optimal use of MS at diagnosis, during follow-up, and in reporting practices, with a focus on standardized implementation, interpretative criteria, and clinical decision-making support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2025-1056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T12:00:16Z","timestamp":1762171216000},"page":"586-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Recommendations for the study of monoclonal gammopathies in the clinical laboratory. A\u00a0consensus of the Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine and the Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy. Part III: Clinical and analytical recommendations for the study of monoclonal gammopathies by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Agull\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry , 37479 Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL) , Salamanca , Spain"},{"name":"Protein Biomarkers Commission , Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEMEDLAB) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noem\u00ed","family":"Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department , Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular del C\u00e1ncer (Universidad de Salamanca-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas), CIBERONC , Salamanca , Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerea","family":"Varo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain"},{"name":"Protein Biomarkers Commission , Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEMEDLAB) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Hospital 12 de Octubre , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Protein Biomarkers Commission , Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEMEDLAB) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Mugueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Pello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Hospital 12 de Octubre , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Protein Biomarkers Commission , Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEMEDLAB) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN) , Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Medica Aplicada (CIMA) , Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , CIBER-ONC number CB16\/12\/00369 , Pamplona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department , Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Complutense University, i+12, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncol\u00f3gicas, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red (CIBERONC), CB16\/12\/00369 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL) , Salamanca , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Cruz","family":"C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis , Hospital Clinico San Carlos , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Protein Biomarkers Commission , Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEMEDLAB) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Garc\u00eda-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Hemotherapy Department , Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"P\u00e9rez-Surribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Pasteur , Andorra La Vella , Andorra"},{"name":"Protein Biomarkers Commission , Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEMEDLAB) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1119-4387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Flores-Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department , University Hospital of Salamanca, Research Biomedical Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), CIBERONC\u00a0and Center for Cancer Research-IBMCC (University of Salamanca-CSIC) , Salamanca , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Ortiz-Espejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla , Santander , Spain"},{"name":"Protein Biomarkers Commission , Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEMEDLAB) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"de la Rubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department , University Hospital La Fe and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia; Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria La Fe, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain; CIBERONC CD16\/12\/00284 , Valencia , Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Cruz-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Osakidetza , Bilbao , Spain"},{"name":"Protein Biomarkers Commission , Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEMEDLAB) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Font\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Protein Biomarkers Commission , Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEMEDLAB) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Isidoro-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry , University Hospital of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain"},{"name":"Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine Unit, Results-Oriented Cooperative Research Networks in Health, Carlos III Health Institute , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"San-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department , Cancer Center Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), CIMA, IDISNA , Pamplona , Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Victoria","family":"Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department , Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular del C\u00e1ncer (Universidad de Salamanca-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas), CIBERONC , Salamanca , Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH) , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e1rdenas, MC, Garc\u00eda-Sanz, R, Puig, N, P\u00e9rez-Surribas, D, Flores-Montero, J, Ortiz-Espejo, M, et al.. Recommendations for the study of monoclonal gammopathies in the clinical laboratory. A consensus of the Spanish society of laboratory medicine and the Spanish society of hematology and hemotherapy. Part I: update on laboratory tests for the study of monoclonal gammopathies. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023;61:2115\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2023-0326.","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-0326"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e1rdenas, MC, Garc\u00eda-Sanz, R, Puig, N, P\u00e9rez-Surribas, D, Flores-Montero, J, Ortiz-Espejo, M, et al.. Recommendations for the study of monoclonal gammopathies in the clinical laboratory. A consensus of the Spanish society of laboratory medicine and the Spanish society of hematology and hemotherapy. Part II: methodological and clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and follow-up of monoclonal gammopathies. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023;61:2131\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2023-0325.","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-0325"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the international myeloma working group. Br J Haematol 2003;121:749\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04355.x.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04355.x"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S, Paiva, B, Anderson, KC, Durie, B, Landgren, O, Moreau, P, et al.. International myeloma working group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol 2016;17:e328\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045-16-30206-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30206-6"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wijnands, C, Noori, S, van de Donk, NWCJ, VanDuijn, MM, Jacobs, JFM. Advances in minimal residual disease monitoring in multiple myeloma. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023;60:518\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408363.2023.2209652.","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2023.2209652"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Innao, V, Allegra, A, Russo, S, Gerace, D, Vaddinelli, D, Alonci, A, et al.. Standardisation of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma. Eur J Cancer Care 2017;26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecc.12732.","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12732"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bezzi, D, Ambrosini, V, Nanni, C. Clinical value of FDG-PET\/CT in multiple myeloma: an update. Semin Nucl Med 2023;53:352\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2022.10.008.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2022.10.008"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan, L, Su, W, Zhong, J, Qiu, L. M-protein detection by mass spectrometry for minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma. Clin Chim Acta 2024;552:117623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2023.117623.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2023.117623"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thoren, KL. Mass spectrometry methods for detecting monoclonal immunoglobulins in multiple myeloma minimal residual disease. Semin Hematol 2018;55:41\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2018.02.008.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2018.02.008"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berlanga, O, Birtwistle, J, Allen, S, Malin, G, Simion, C, El-Khoury, H, et al.. Multi-center clinical validation of a mass spectrometry immunoassay for the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple myeloma and associated disorders. Blood 2023;142:3667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2023-189050.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-189050"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mills, JR, Kohlhagen, MC, Dasari, S, Vanderboom, PM, Kyle, RA, Katzmann, JA, et al.. Comprehensive assessment of M-proteins using nanobody enrichment coupled to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2016;62:1334\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2015.253740.","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2015.253740"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Khoury, H, Lee, DJ, Alberge, JB, Redd, R, Cea-Curry, CJ, Perry, J, et al.. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies and clinical outcomes in a high-risk US population screened by mass spectrometry: a multicentre cohort study. The Lancet Haematology 2022;9:e340\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2352-3026-22-00069-2.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00069-2"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_013","unstructured":"Rosa, P, Cedena, MT, Angeles Iglesias, M, Vidal, R, Mateos, R, Blanco, A, et al.. Mass spectrometry enables precise monitoring of bispecific antibody therapy in multiple myeloma. Mil\u00e1n, Italy; 2025. Available from https:\/\/library.ehaweb.org\/eha\/2025\/eha2025-congress\/4160120\/m.teresa.cedena.mass.spectrometry.enables.precise.monitoring.of.bispecific.html?f=menu%3D6%2Abrowseby%3D8%2Asortby%3D2%2Amedia%3D3%2Ace_id%3D2882%2Aot_id%3D31568%2Amarker%3D5844%2Afeatured%3D19595."},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray, DL, Puig, N, Kristinsson, S, Usmani, SZ, Dispenzieri, A, Bianchi, G, et al.. Mass spectrometry for the evaluation of monoclonal proteins in multiple myeloma and related disorders: an international myeloma working group mass spectrometry committee report. Blood Cancer J 2021;11:24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-021-00408-4.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00408-4"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dispenzieri, A, Larson, DR, Rajkumar, SV, Kyle, RA, Kumar, SK, Kourelis, T, et al.. N-glycosylation of monoclonal light chains on routine mass-fix testing is a risk factor for MGUS progression. Leukemia 2020;34:2749\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-020-0940-8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0940-8"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, ID, Kohlhagen, MC, Ladwig, PM, Dasari, S, Kumar, S, Dispenzieri, A, et al.. Characterizing M-protein light chain glycosylation via mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2022;109\u2013110:11\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2022.09.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2022.09.004"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kourelis, T, Murray, DL, Dasari, S, Kumar, S, Barnidge, D, Madden, B, et al.. Mass-fix may allow identification of patients at risk for light chain amyloidosis before the onset of symptoms. Am J Hematol 2018;93:E368\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.25244.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25244"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S, Murray, D, Dasari, S, Milani, P, Barnidge, D, Madden, B, et al.. Assay to rapidly screen for immunoglobulin light chain glycosylation: a potential path to earlier AL diagnosis for a subset of patients. Leukemia 2019;33:254\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-018-0194-x.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0194-x"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S, Paiva, B, Anderson, KC, Durie, B, Landgren, O, Moreau, P, et al.. International myeloma working group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol 2016;17:e328\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045-16-30206-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30206-6"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puig, N, Agull\u00f3, C, Contreras, T, Cedena, MT, Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez, J, Oriol, A, et al.. Measurable residual disease by mass spectrometry and next-generation flow to assess treatment response in myeloma. Blood 2024;144:2432\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2024024995.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024995"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortiz de Landazuri, I, Oliver-Cald\u00e9s, A, Espa\u00f1ol-Rego, M, Agull\u00f3, C, Contreras, MT, Zabaleta, A, et al.. Serum mass spectrometry for treatment monitoring in patients with multiple myeloma receiving ARI0002h CAR T-cells. Br J Haematol 2024;205:1346\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.19589.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19589"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puig, N, Contreras, MT, Agull\u00f3, C, Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez, J, Oriol, A, Blanchard, MJ, et al.. Mass spectrometry vs immunofixation for treatment monitoring in multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2022;6:3234\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006762.","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006762"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore, LM, Cho, S, Thoren, KL. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry distinguishes daratumumab from M-proteins. Clin Chim Acta 2019;492:91\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2019.02.017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.02.017"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mills, JR, Kohlhagen, MC, Willrich, MAV, Kourelis, T, Dispenzieri, A, Murray, DL. A universal solution for eliminating false positives in myeloma due to therapeutic monoclonal antibody interference. Blood 2018;132:670\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2018-05-848986.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-05-848986"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fatica, EM, Martinez, M, Ladwig, PM, Murray, JD, Kohlhagen, MC, Kyle, RA, et al.. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry can distinguish immunofixation bands of the same isotype as monoclonal or biclonal proteins. Clin Biochem 2021;97:67\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2021.08.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2021.08.001"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uljon, SN, Treon, SP, Tripsas, CK, Lindeman, NI. Challenges with serum protein electrophoresis in assessing progression and clinical response in patients with Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2013;13:247\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clml.2013.03.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2013.03.001"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray, DL, Ryu, E, Snyder, MR, Katzmann, JA. Quantitation of serum monoclonal proteins: relationship between agarose gel electrophoresis and immunonephelometry. Clin Chem 2009;55:1523\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2009.124461.","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.124461"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00edos-Tamayo, R, Puig, N, Algar\u00edn, M, Garc\u00eda de Veas Silva, JL, Barbosa, N, Encinas, C, et al.. The current role of the heavy\/light chain assay in the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of multiple myeloma: an evidence-based approach. Diagnostics 2021;11:2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11112020.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11112020"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J, Courcelles, L, Vanderboom, P, Coker, J, Kohlhagen, M, Copet, B, et al.. B-123 clinical implication of light chain fragmentation in patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Clin Chem 2025;71(1 Suppl):hvaf086\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaf086.520.","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaf086.520"},{"key":"2026021916200362151_j_cclm-2025-1056_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubicki, T, Dytfeld, D, Barnidge, D, Sakrikar, D, Przyby\u0142owicz-Chalecka, A, Jamroziak, K, et al.. Mass spectrometry-based assessment of M protein in peripheral blood during maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma. Blood 2024;144:955\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2024024041.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024041"}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2025-1056\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2025-1056\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T16:21:42Z","timestamp":1771518102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2025-1056\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/cclm-2025-1056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2025-1056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-6621","1437-4331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-6621","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-4331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]}}}