{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:30:14Z","timestamp":1786696214538,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["314061271-TRR\/CRC 205-1\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314061271-TRR\/CRC 205-1\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-1670_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Screening for primary aldosteronism (PA) using the aldosterone:renin ratio (ARR) has suboptimal diagnostic accuracy, particularly in females. We assessed whether accuracy could be improved using sex-specific relationships of aldosterone with\u00a0renin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-1670_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma aldosterone and renin were measured in 442 females and 491 males prospectively screened for PA. Patients were divided into test (n=717) and validation (n=216) cohorts. Sex-specific cut-offs for renin-dependent aldosterone concentrations and the ARR were developed using logistic regression models in the test cohort. Diagnostic performance of models in both cohorts was compared to that of the\u00a0ARR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-1670_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Females without PA had higher (p&lt;0.001) ARRs than males due to higher plasma aldosterone and lower renin concentrations. Consequently, rates of false-positives were higher (p&lt;0.001) in females than males. At diagnostic sensitivities close to 95\u202f% suitable for screening, and with sex-specific cut-offs for the ARR, specificities for the test cohort were 44\u202f% in females compared to 73\u202f% in males. Compared to the ARR, use of formulas (termed\n                      <jats:italic>ARRplus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) for sex-specific and renin-dependent cut-offs for aldosterone resulted in increased (p\u22640.005) areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for both sexes and enhanced specificity to 71\u202f% in females and 82\u202f% in males. Superiority of the\n                      <jats:italic>ARRplus<\/jats:italic>\n                      compared to the ARR was confirmed in the validation cohort according to ROC curve comparisons and 47\u201382\u202f% reductions in false-positive results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-1670_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Renin-dependent and sex-specific aldosterone cut-offs using the\n                      <jats:italic>ARRplus<\/jats:italic>\n                      offer higher diagnostic accuracy than the ARR and considerably reduced rates of false-positives to minimize follow-up of screened patients, particularly\u00a0women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2025-1670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T18:05:16Z","timestamp":1771265116000},"page":"1438-1449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The\n                    <i>ARRplus<\/i>\n                    : a model for renin-dependent and sex-specific aldosterone cut-offs that improves screening for primary aldosteronism"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8560-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sybille","family":"Fuld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III , 01307 University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden , Dresden , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism , Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine , Monash University , Clayton , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgiana","family":"Constantinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III , 01307 University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden , Dresden , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Pamporaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III , 01307 University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden , Dresden , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Alessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III , 01307 University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden , Dresden , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Peitzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine , University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden , Dresden , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Digital Sciences (CIDS), Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing , Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden , Dresden , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Br\u00fcdgam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV , University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Remde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes , University Hospital, University of W\u00fcrzburg , W\u00fcrzburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"K\u00fcrzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes , University Hospital, University of W\u00fcrzburg , W\u00fcrzburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmina T.","family":"Fuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes , University Hospital, University of W\u00fcrzburg , W\u00fcrzburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Sudano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition , University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich (UZH) , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Mangos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine , St George Hospital, UNSW Medicine and Health , Sydney , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV , University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Reincke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV , University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Beuschlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV , University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University , Munich , Germany"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition , University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich (UZH) , Zurich , Switzerland"},{"name":"The LOOP Medical Research Center , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques W.M.","family":"Lenders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8601-9903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graeme","family":"Eisenhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III , 01307 University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden , Dresden , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081408005206344_j_cclm-2025-1670_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monticone, S, Burrello, J, Tizzani, D, Bertello, C, Viola, A, Buffolo, F, et al.. 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