{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:57:59Z","timestamp":1791932279421,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2026-0471_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) are internationally validated blood biomarkers for the management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Capillary blood sampling would facilitate point-of-care testing for dual GFAP\/UCH-L1 determination, but it is more sensitive to pre-analytical variables such as hemolysis than venous blood measurements. The aim of this study was to compare capillary and venous assays and assess the impact of hemolysis on\u00a0them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2026-0471_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Paired venous and capillary samples were collected from healthy volunteers and neurocritical care unit patients. GFAP and UCH-L1 were measured using the i-STAT\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      Alinity system. Red blood cell hemolysate spiking experiments were performed on different analytical platforms able to measure GFAP\/UCH-L1. A human albumin matrix experiment was also conducted to look for intra-erythrocytic presence of GFAP and UCHL-1.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2026-0471_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GFAP showed excellent correlation between capillary and venous samples (r=0.99; 95\u202f% CI 0.98\u20131.0; p&lt;0.001) with no potential clinically relevant impact on diagnostic thresholds. By contrast, UCH-L1 showed poor correlation (r=0.28; 95\u202f% CI 0\u20130.57; p=0.058) and wide limits of agreement. Hemolysis caused marked overestimation of UCH-L1 using different analytical platforms, whereas GFAP remained stable. Spiking experiments confirmed that UCH-L1 overestimation was related to its presence in red blood\u00a0cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2026-0471_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Capillary UCH-L1 is highly sensitive to hemolysis, limiting the reliability of its assay in capillary samples. By contrast, capillary GFAP assay displays robust analytical performance for mTBI management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2026-0471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T03:56:12Z","timestamp":1781841372000},"page":"2485-2493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Capillary UCH-L1 protein blood measurement is affected by sample hemolysis"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Bouthors","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department , Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital , Clermont-Ferrand , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Puravet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department , Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital , Clermont-Ferrand , France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine , CNRS 6293, INSERM 1103, iGReD, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Chabanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perioperative Medicine Department , Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital , Clermont-Ferrand , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Durif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department , Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital , Clermont-Ferrand , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Bouvier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department , Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital , Clermont-Ferrand , France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine , CNRS 6293, INSERM 1103, iGReD, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7452-315X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Sapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department , Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital , Clermont-Ferrand , France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine , CNRS 6293, INSERM 1103, iGReD, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Brailova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department , Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital , Clermont-Ferrand , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092809015491965_j_cclm-2026-0471_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dewan, MC, Rattani, A, Gupta, S, Baticulon, RE, Hung, YC, Punchak, M, et al.. 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