{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T09:55:47Z","timestamp":1790589347436,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2026-0489_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome, when monoclonal plasma cell proliferation is absent, it is considered \u2018non-secretory POEMS syndrome\u2019. We aimed to study whether M-protein was detectable by mass spectrometry (MS) in previously non-secretory POEMS syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2026-0489_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>M-protein was analyzed using intact mass spectrometry-immunoprecipitation (iMS-IP) and iMS-FLC Assays on the baseline serum samples of patients with \u2018previously non-secretory POEMS\u2019 syndrome (n=21) and from patients undergoing treatment follow-up (n=17).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2026-0489_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 21 previously non-secretory POEMS patients, 20 (95\u202f%) had M-protein by MS at presentation. The types of M-protein in previously non-secretory POEMS patients were: IgA \u03bb (35\u202f%), free \u03bb (25\u202f%), IgD \u03bb (20\u202f%), IgG \u03bb (15\u202f%), and biclonal (IgA \u03bb and IgM \u03bb) (5\u202f%). During treatment follow-up, the overall response rate of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was 100\u202f%, and the median time to VEGF response was 3\u00a0months. In contrast, during and after treatment, only 6 out of 16 patients (37\u202f%) achieved M-protein negativity by MS (median time of 9\u00a0months).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2026-0489_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MS-assisted M-protein detection could achieve accurate diagnosis for many patients with \u2018previously non-secretory POEMS\u2019, and may prove useful for tracking treatment outcomes in individuals with MS-positive baseline M-protein.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2026-0489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T01:56:13Z","timestamp":1783562173000},"page":"2556-2563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of M-protein by iMS-IP and iMS-FLC assays redefines previously non-secretory POEMS syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dispenzieri, A, Kyle, RA, Lacy, MQ, Rajkumar, SV, Therneau, TM, Larson, DR, et al.. POEMS syndrome: definitions and long-term outcome. Blood 2003;101:2496\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2002-07-2299.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-07-2299"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dispenzieri, A. POEMS syndrome: update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2023;98:1934\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.27081.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27081"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, T, Zhao, A, Zhao, H, Cai, H, Feng, J, Zhang, L, et al.. Clinical characteristics and the long-term outcome of patients with atypical POEMS syndrome variant with undetectable monoclonal gammopathy. Ann Hematol 2019;98:735\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-018-03589-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-03589-4"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hara, D, Akiyama, H, Nukui, S, Shimizu, T, Hoshikawa, M, Hasegawa, Y. Utility of osteosclerotic lesion biopsy in diagnosis of POEMS syndrome: a case report. Medicine 2017;96:e8188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000008188.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008188"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Mayoof, O, Al Sughaiyer, H, Abuomar, W, Khan, M. POEMS syndrome: a rare cause of exudative ascites and chronic peripheral neuropathy. BMJ Case Rep 2017;2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2016-219022.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-219022"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gay-Bellile, C, Bengoufa, D, Houze, P, Le Carrer, D, Benlakehal, M, Bousquet, B, et al.. Automated multicapillary electrophoresis for analysis of human serum proteins. Clin Chem 2003;49:1909\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2003.017756.","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.017756"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C, Su, W, Zhang, W, Di, Q, Duan, MH, Ji, W, et al.. Serum immunoglobulin free light chain and heavy\/light chain measurements in POEMS syndrome. Ann Hematol 2014;93:1201\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-014-2019-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-014-2019-y"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y, You, L, Zhu, L, Yin, X, Yao, Q, Ding, S, et al.. Evaluation of iMS-IP assay for the detection and typing of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Clin Chim Acta 2026;581:120756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120756.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120756"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biaz, A, Uwingabiye, J, Rachid, A, Dami, A, Bouhsain, S, Ouzzif, Z, et al.. Interpretation difficulties of serum immunofixation test in immunoglobulin D multiple myeloma with hidden lambda light chains. Clin Lab 2018;64:1065\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7754\/clin.lab.2018.180109.","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2018.180109"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_010","unstructured":"Cao, XWC, Cai, H, Duan, M, Zhang, W, Li, T, Zhou, D, et al.. Diagnostic performance and clinical correlation of serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with newly diagnosed POEMS syndrome. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2014;35:1065\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2014.12.004."},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katzmann, JA, Clark, RJ, Abraham, RS, Bryant, S, Lymp, JF, Bradwell, AR, et al.. Serum reference intervals and diagnostic ranges for free kappa and free lambda immunoglobulin light chains: relative sensitivity for detection of monoclonal light chains. Clin Chem 2002;48:1437\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/48.9.1437.","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.9.1437"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutchison, CA, Harding, S, Hewins, P, Mead, GP, Townsend, J, Bradwell, AR, et al.. Quantitative assessment of serum and urinary polyclonal free light chains in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol: CJASN 2008;3:1684\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.02290508.","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02290508"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharpley, FA, Manwani, R, Mahmood, S, Sachchithanantham, S, Lachmann, HJ, Gillmore, JD, et al.. A novel mass spectrometry method to identify the serum monoclonal light chain component in systemic light chain amyloidosis. Blood Cancer J 2019;9:16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-019-0180-1.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-019-0180-1"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mills, JR, Kohlhagen, MC, Dasari, S, Vanderboom, PM, Kyle, RA, Katzmann, JA, et al.. Comprehensive assessment of M-proteins using nanobody enrichment coupled to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2016;62:1334\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2015.253740.","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2015.253740"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wadhera, RK, Kyle, RA, Larson, DR, Dispenzieri, A, Kumar, S, Lazarus, HM, et al.. Incidence, clinical course, and prognosis of secondary monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood 2011;118:2985\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2011-04-349175.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-349175"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katzmann, JA, Abraham, RS, Dispenzieri, A, Lust, JA, Kyle, RA. Diagnostic performance of quantitative kappa and lambda free light chain assays in clinical practice. Clin Chem 2005;51:878\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2004.046870.","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.046870"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dispenzieri, A, Arendt, B, Dasari, S, Kohlhagen, M, Kourelis, T, Kumar, SK, et al.. Blood mass spectrometry detects residual disease better than standard techniques in light-chain amyloidosis. Blood Cancer J 2020;10:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-020-0291-8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-0291-8"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarto, C, Intra, J, Fania, C, Brivio, R, Brambilla, P, Leoni, V. Monoclonal free light chain detection and quantification: performances and limits of available laboratory assays. Clin Biochem 2021;95:28\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2021.05.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2021.05.006"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bomsztyk, J, Ravichandran, S, Giles, HV, Wright, N, Berlanga, O, Khwaja, J, et al.. Complete responses in AL amyloidosis are unequal: the impact of free light chain mass spectrometry in AL amyloidosis. Blood 2024;143:1259\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2023022399.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023022399"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giles, HV, Drayson, MT, Kishore, B, Pawlyn, C, Kaiser, M, Cook, G, et al.. Progression free survival of myeloma patients who become IFE-negative correlates with the detection of residual monoclonal free\u00a0light chain (FLC) by mass spectrometry. Blood Cancer J 2024;14:50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-024-00995-y.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-00995-y"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sepiashvili, L, Kohlhagen, MC, Snyder, MR, Willrich, MAV, Mills, JR, Dispenzieri, A, et al.. Direct detection of monoclonal free light chains in serum by use of immunoenrichment-coupled MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2019;65:1015\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2018.299461.","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2018.299461"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y, Yang, M, Meng, H, Tong, H. Mass spectrometry reveals limitations of serum immunofixation electrophoresis in monitoring lambda light chain myeloma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2026;64:e88\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2025-1337.","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2025-1337"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutchison, CA, Plant, T, Drayson, M, Cockwell, P, Kountouri, M, Basnayake, K, et al.. Serum free light chain measurement aids the diagnosis of myeloma in patients with severe renal failure. BMC Nephrol 2008;9:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2369-9-11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-9-11"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, TE, Indridason, OS, Palsson, R, Rognvaldsson, S, Love, TJ, Thorsteinsdottir, S, et al.. Defining new reference intervals for serum free light chains in individuals with chronic kidney disease: results of the iStopMM study. Blood Cancer J 2022;12:133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-022-00732-3.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00732-3"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molina-And\u00fajar, A, Robles, P, Cibeira, MT, Montagud-Marrahi, E, Guillen, E, Xipell, M, et al.. The renal range of the \u03ba\/\u03bb sFLC ratio: best strategy to evaluate multiple myeloma in patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2020;21:111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-020-01771-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-01771-3"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agbuduwe, C, Iqbal, G, Cairns, D, Menzies, T, Dunn, J, Gregory, W, et al.. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of IgD myeloma: experience across UK national trials. Blood Adv 2022;6:5113\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007608.","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007608"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J, Lu, J, Qiang, W, Jia, Y, He, H, Ye, X, et al.. Sensitive quantitative IgD assay increases progression-free survival prediction accuracy in IgD plasma cell myeloma. Leukemia 2023;37:497\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-022-01777-w.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01777-w"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, X, Wu, M, Su, F, Yang, H, Wan, X, Tong, H, et al.. IgD-\u03bb multiple myeloma with hidden light chain on immunofixation electrophoresis: a clinical case. Clin Chem Lab Med 2026;64:e219\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2026-0250.","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2026-0250"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, D, An, G, Zhu, G, Wang, J, Shi, L, Meng, H, et al.. Secondary monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is frequently associated with high response rate and superior survival in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant: J Am Soc Blood Marrow Transplant 2014;20:319\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.11.022.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.11.022"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmitz, MF, Otten, HG, Franssen, LE, van Dorp, S, Strooisma, T, Lokhorst, HM, et al.. Secondary monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2014;99:1846\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3324\/haematol.2014.111104.","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.111104"},{"key":"2026092809015493547_j_cclm-2026-0489_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nevejan, L, Van Droogenbroeck, J, Van Hecke, E, Schauwvlieghe, A, Langlois, MR, Bossuyt, X, et al.. Extended verification of an automated\u00a0MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry system for high throughput serum M-protein measurement. Clin Chem Lab Med 2026;64:922\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2025-0894.","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2025-0894"}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2026-0489\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2026-0489\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T09:05:10Z","timestamp":1790586310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2026-0489\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/cclm-2026-0489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2026-0489","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-6621","1437-4331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-6621","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-4331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]}}}