{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T10:37:00Z","timestamp":1786703820627,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lipoprotein X (LpX) is an abnormal lipoprotein-like particle occurring mainly in cholestasis, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, post-transplant cholestatic liver dysfunction, hepatic graft-versus-host disease, and selected intravenous lipid emulsion or parenteral nutrition settings. Enrichment in phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol, paucity of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides, and usual absence of apolipoprotein B (apoB) challenge assumptions underlying routine laboratory testing. This review distinguishes analytical interference, in which LpX biases measurement procedures, from interpretative distortion, in which a valid cholesterol result no longer reflects the burden of atherogenic apoB-containing particles. Friedewald, Martin-Hopkins, Sampson, and other calculated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) equations cannot identify LpX and may retain its cholesterol in calculated LDL-C; direct LDL-C assays are also method dependent. We propose indicative, rather than diagnostic, screening triggers: in a compatible setting, total cholesterol (TC)\u00a0\u2265500\u202fmg\/dL (12.9\u202fmmol\/L) may be considered marked and\u00a0\u22651,000\u202fmg\/dL (25.9\u202fmmol\/L) extreme; apoB within or slightly above the adult range, together with TC\/apoB\u00a0\u22658\u202fmmol\/g or non-HDL-C\/apoB\u00a0\u22657.5\u202fmmol\/g, should prompt verification. Confirmation may integrate free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester measurements, configured lipoprotein electrophoresis with filipin staining, apoB depletion, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultracentrifugation with an orthogonal method, or lipidomics. LpX appears less atherogenic than apoB-containing LDL but is not innocuous because xanthomatosis, hyperviscosity, and thrombotic complications may occur, while conventional atherogenic lipoproteins may coexist. ApoB-containing LpY and LpZ may attenuate cholesterol\u2013apoB discordance. A structured LpX-oriented laboratory workflow can reduce misclassification of dyslipidaemia and pseudoelectrolyte disorders and support safer clinical decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2026-0950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T10:12:59Z","timestamp":1786702379000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lipoprotein X as a source of analytical and interpretative interference in routine laboratory testing"],"prefix":"10.1515","author":[{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Laboratory Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Centre of West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Laboratory Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Centre of West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanmin","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Laboratory Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Centre of West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Laboratory Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Centre of West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crook, MA. Lipoprotein X: clinical implications. Ann Clin Biochem 2013;50:93\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0004563213478804.","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563213478804"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia, E, Shalaurova, I, Matyus, SP, Freeman, LA, Neufeld, EB, Sampson, ML, et al.. A high-throughput NMR method for lipoprotein-X quantification. Molecules 2024;29:564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29030564.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29030564"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turchin, A, Wiebe, DA, Seely, EW, Graham, T, Longo, W, Soiffer, R. Severe hypercholesterolemia mediated by lipoprotein X in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease of the liver. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005;35:85\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704739.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704739"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cwiklinska, A, Mickiewicz, A, Kowalski, R, Kortas-Stempak, B, Kuchta, A, Mucha, K, et al.. Detection of lipoprotein X (LpX): a challenge in patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia. J\u00a0Med Biochem 2020;39:283\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/jomb-2019-0038.","DOI":"10.2478\/jomb-2019-0038"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kattah, L, Gomez, A, Gutierrez, S, Puerto, K, Moreno-Pallares, ED, Jaramillo, A, et al.. Hypercholesterolemia due to lipoprotein X: case report and thematic review. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2019;12:1179551419878687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1179551419878687.","DOI":"10.1177\/1179551419878687"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalra, DK, Shotwell, M, Garg, A, Duell, PB, Wilson, DP, Martin, SS, et al.. Lipoprotein X\u00a0\u2013\u00a0pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. J\u00a0Clin Lipidol 2025;19:759\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.05.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.05.015"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedewald, WT, Levy, RI, Fredrickson, DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499.","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sampson, M, Ling, C, Sun, Q, Harb, R, Ashmaig, M, Warnick, R, et al.. A new equation for calculation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with normolipidemia and\/or hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA Cardiol 2020;5:540\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0013.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0013"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, SS, Blaha, MJ, Elshazly, MB, Toth, PP, Kwiterovich, PO, Blumenthal, RS, et al.. Comparison of a novel method vs the Friedewald equation for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from the standard lipid profile. JAMA 2013;310:2061\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2013.280532.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280532"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fei, H, Maeda, S, Kirii, H, Fujigaki, S, Maekawa, N, Fujii, H, et al.. Evaluation of two different homogeneous assays for LDL-cholesterol in lipoprotein-X-positive serum. Clin Chem 2000;46:1351\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/46.9.1351.","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.9.1351"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herzum, I, Giehl, C, Soufi, M, Junclas, H, Wahl, HG. Interference in a homogeneous assay for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by lipoprotein X. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:667\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/CCLM.2007.114.","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2007.114"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsushima, K, Sugiuchi, H, Anraku, K, Nishimura, H, Manabe, M, Ikeda, K, et al.. Differences in reaction specificity toward lipoprotein X and abnormal LDL among 6 homogeneous assays for LDL-cholesterol. Clin Chim Acta 2015;439:29\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2014.09.030.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.09.030"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sivakumar, T, Chaidarun, S, Lee, HK, Cervinski, M, Comi, R. Multiple lipoprotein and electrolyte laboratory artifacts caused by lipoprotein X in obstructive biliary cholestasis secondary to pancreatic cancer. J\u00a0Clin Lipidol 2011;5:324\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2011.04.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2011.04.004"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fortgens, P, Pillay, TS. Pseudohyponatremia revisited: a modern-day pitfall. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011;135:516\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/2010-0018-RS.1.","DOI":"10.5858\/2010-0018-RS.1"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aziz, F, Sam, R, Lew, SQ, Massie, L, Misra, M, Roumelioti, ME, et al.. Pseudohyponatremia: mechanism, diagnosis, clinical associations and management. J\u00a0Clin Med 2023;12:4076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12124076.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12124076"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCarron, EP, Murray, E, McKeeman, GC, Coward, SM, Hamilton, P, Connolly, G, et al.. Investigating the effects of endogenous lipaemia on the measurement of sodium by indirect ion specific electrode potentiometry. Ann Clin Biochem 2022;59:360\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00045632221098628.","DOI":"10.1177\/00045632221098628"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miida, T, Hirayama, S. Controversy over the atherogenicity of lipoprotein-X. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2019;26:117\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MED.0000000000000466.","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000466"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fellin, R, Manzato, E. Lipoprotein-X fifty years after its original discovery. Nutr Metabol Cardiovasc Dis 2019;29:4\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.09.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.09.006"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seidel, D, Alaupovic, P, Furman, RH. A lipoprotein characterizing obstructive jaundice. I. Method for quantitative separation and identification of lipoproteins in jaundiced subjects. J\u00a0Clin Investig 1969;48:1211\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI106083.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106085"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seidel, D, Alaupovic, P, Furman, RH, McConathy, WJ. A lipoprotein characterizing obstructive jaundice. II. Isolation and partial characterization of the protein moieties of low density lipoproteins. J\u00a0Clin Investig 1970;49:2396\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI106453.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106459"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_021","unstructured":"Narayanan, S. Biochemistry and clinical relevance of lipoprotein X. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1984;14:371\u20134."},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manzato, E, Fellin, R, Baggio, G, Walch, S, Neubeck, W, Seidel, D. Formation of lipoprotein-X: its relationship to bile compounds. J\u00a0Clin Investig 1976;57:1248\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI108393.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108393"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tashiro, T, Mashima, Y, Yamamori, H, Horibe, K, Nishizawa, M, Sanada, M, et al.. Increased lipoprotein X causes hyperlipidemia during intravenous administration of 10% fat emulsion in man. JPEN\u00a0\u2013\u00a0J Parenter Enter Nutr 1991;15:546\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0148607191015005546.","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607191015005546"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_024","unstructured":"Tashiro, T, Mashima, Y, Yamamori, H, Sanada, M, Nishizawa, M, Okui, K. Intravenous intralipid 10% vs. 20%, hyperlipidemia, and increase in lipoprotein X in humans. Nutrition 1992;8:155\u201360."},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffin, E, Breckenridge, WC, Kuksis, A, Bryan, MH, Angel, A. Appearance and characterization of lipoprotein X during continuous intralipid infusions in the neonate. J\u00a0Clin Investig 1979;64:1703\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI109633.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109633"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walli, AK, Seidel, D. Role of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase in the metabolism of lipoprotein-X in the rat. J\u00a0Clin Investig 1984;74:867\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI111498.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111498"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki, L, Hirayama, S, Fukui, M, Sasaki, M, Hiroi, S, Ayaori, M, et al.. Lipoprotein-X in cholestatic patients causes xanthomas and promotes foam cell formation in human macrophages. J\u00a0Clin Lipidol 2017;11:110\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2016.10.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2016.10.013"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinl, RE, Tennant, HM, Ricketts, JC, Rice, CR, Robinson, CB, Sandesara, PB, et al.. Lipoprotein-X disease in the setting of severe cholestatic hepatobiliary autoimmune disease. J\u00a0Clin Lipidol 2017;11:282\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2016.09.016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2016.09.016"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_029","unstructured":"Neely, RDG, Boot, CS. Laboratory investigation of lipoprotein X. Clin Lipidol 2017;12:43\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17584299.2017.1337952."},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, PY, Lu, SC, Su, TC, Chou, SF, Huang, WH, Morrisett, JD, et al.. Lipoprotein-X reduces LDL atherogenicity in primary biliary cirrhosis by preventing LDL oxidation. J\u00a0Lipid Res 2004;45:2116\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.M400229-JLR200.","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M400229-JLR200"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain, I, Ahmad, Z, Garg, A. Extreme hypercholesterolemia presenting with pseudohyponatremia: a case report and review of the literature. J\u00a0Clin Lipidol 2015;9:260\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.11.007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.11.007"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farooqi, MS, Hashim, IA. A woman with primary biliary cirrhosis and hyponatremia. Clin Chem 2015;61:1028\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2014.229773.","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2014.229773"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravella, S, Lefavour, GS, Carayannopoulos, MO, Parikh, A. Hyponatremia in a patient with obstructive jaundice. Kidney Int 2015;88:921\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2015.15.","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.15"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_034","unstructured":"Futatsugi, A, Hidaka, E, Kubota, N, Nishijima, F, Yoshizawa, K, Ishimine, N, et al.. Abnormal serum total protein measurement by lipoprotein-X in an infant with biliary atresia. Rinsho Byori 2015;63:1271\u20137."},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolf, PL. Clinical significance of serum high-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase-lipoprotein-X complex, and intestinal variant alkaline phosphatase. J\u00a0Clin Lab Anal 1994;8:172\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.1860080311.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.1860080311"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crofton, PM, Smith, AF. High-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase in serum and bile: nature and relationship with lipoprotein-X. Clin Chem 1981;27:867\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/27.6.867.","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/27.6.867"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freeman, LA, Shamburek, RD, Sampson, ML, Neufeld, EB, Sato, M, Karathanasis, SK, et al.. Plasma lipoprotein-X quantification on filipin-stained gels: monitoring recombinant LCAT treatment ex\u00a0vivo. J\u00a0Lipid Res 2019;60:1050\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.D090233.","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D090233"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neufeld, EB, Freeman, LA, Durbhakula, V, Sampson, ML, Shamburek, RD, Karathanasis, SK, et al.. A simple fluorescent cholesterol labeling method to cryoprotect and detect plasma lipoprotein-X. Biology 2022;11:1248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology11081248.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11081248"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bos, ES, van der Doelen, AA, Denissen, AEHC, Goverde, BC, Magnani, HN, Kostner, GM. A novel assay for the quantitative determination of lipoprotein-X (LpX) in serum. Clin Chim Acta 1983;127:383\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0009-8981(83)90165-1.","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(83)90165-1"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kostner, GM, Laggner, P, Prexl, HJ, Holasek, A. Investigation of the abnormal low-density lipoproteins occurring in patients with obstructive jaundice. Biochem J 1976;157:401\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bj1570401.","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1570401"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedi, S, Garcia, E, Jeyarajah, EJ, Shalaurova, I, Perez-Matos, MC, Jiang, ZG, et al.. Characterization of LP-Z lipoprotein particles and quantification in subjects with liver disease using a newly developed NMR-based assay. J\u00a0Clin Med 2020;9:2915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9092915.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092915"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heimerl, S, Boettcher, A, Kaul, H, Liebisch, G. Lipid profiling of lipoprotein X: implications for dyslipidaemia in cholestasis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016;1861:681\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.04.016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.04.016"},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_043","unstructured":"Hidaka, H, Hanyu, N, Sugano, M, Kawasaki, K, Yamauchi, K, Katsuyama, T. Analysis of human serum lipoprotein lipid composition using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2007;37:213\u201321."},{"key":"2026081409554781997_j_cclm-2026-0950_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoofnagle, AN, Heinecke, JW. Lipoproteomics: using mass spectrometry-based proteomics to explore the assembly, structure, and function of lipoproteins. J\u00a0Lipid Res 2009;50:1967\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.R900015-JLR200.","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R900015-JLR200"}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2026-0950\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2026-0950\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T10:13:20Z","timestamp":1786702400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2026-0950\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.1515\/cclm-2026-0950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2026-0950","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-6621","1437-4331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-6621","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-4331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]}}}