{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:21:06Z","timestamp":1788351666502,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and more recently blood-based biomarkers, are playing a pivotal role in reshaping the clinical management of neurodegenerative diseases, supporting early detection, biological diagnosis, patient stratification, prognostic assessment, therapeutic decision-making, and longitudinal disease monitoring. To effectively support clinical decision-making, biomarker measurements must be communicated in a standardized, transparent, and clinically interpretable manner. Despite international quality standards, considerable heterogeneity persists in reporting practices, including differences in terminology, units of measurement, analytical descriptions, reference frameworks, and interpretative comments, limiting comparability across laboratories and potentially affecting clinical decision-making. In this article, we discuss the principles of harmonized reporting for Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers and propose a structured framework for standardized clinical neurochemistry reports. We describe the essential components of a harmonized report, including report identification, analytical information, specification of analytical method and platform, standardized units of measurement, appropriate use of reference intervals and clinical decision thresholds, documentation of pre-analytical and quality-related factors, and evidence-based interpretative comments. We further discuss the importance of structured multimarker interpretation and the need to contextualize biomarker findings within the clinical scenario. Finally, we examine the role of harmonized reporting in promoting interoperability across healthcare systems, facilitating longitudinal patient monitoring, supporting electronic health records and standardized terminologies, and enabling artificial intelligence\u2013driven clinical decision support. As neurodegenerative disease diagnostics continue to evolve and novel biomarkers and technologies emerge, harmonized reporting should be regarded as a critical component of laboratory quality, ensuring that analytical advances translate into consistent, clinically meaningful, and interoperable information that ultimately improves patient\u00a0care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2026-1113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:55:56Z","timestamp":1788350156000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward harmonized reporting of Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers in clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1515","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Agnello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics , Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , University Hospital \u201cPaolo Giaccone\u201d , Palermo , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Pilotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Digital Neurology and Biosensors, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Continuity of Care and Frailty , ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Hospital , Brescia , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Gaetani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0456-5650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Bellomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions , Link Campus University , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Bessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Experimental , and Clinical Sciences \u201c Mario Serio \u201d , University of Florence , Florence , Italy"},{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi , Florence , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bozzali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience , University of Torino , Turin , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annachiara","family":"Cagnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience (DNS) and Padua Neuroscience Centre (PNC) , University of Padova , Padua , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Labate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinic, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND) , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Massa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) , University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Moda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine , University of Milan , Milan , Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Monastero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinic, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND) , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7748-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Musso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine-DIMED , University of Padua , Padua , Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua , Padua , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Piccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinic, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND) , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Sancesario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology , IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucilla","family":"Parnetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Padovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Neurophysiology Section, Department Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy"},{"name":"Hospital Department of Continuit\u00e0 di Cura e Fragilit\u00e0 , ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia , Brescia , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Ciaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics , Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , University Hospital \u201cPaolo Giaccone\u201d , Palermo , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090211555129213_j_cclm-2026-1113_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S, Jiang, Y, Yang, A, Meng, F, Zhang, J. 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