{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T15:20:42Z","timestamp":1776784842844,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The objectives of this paper are to update and quantify \nthe biological effects of the most commonly used oral contraceptives (OC) on 15 \nbiochemical tests currently determined in clinical laboratories and to compare \nthese effects between the different types of OC. The sample population was \nconstituted by 1604 women using combined OCs and the control group comprised \n3466 women in the same age range not taking medication. Women taking OC were \ndivided into 11 groups according to the estrogen\/progestogen combination. The \neffects of OCs were studied after adjustment for age, weight, height, body mass \nindex and alcohol and tobacco consumption. The changes observed with the new \nprogestogens were less important than in the past. In comparison with the \ncontrols, the mean serum triglyceride concentration was significantly increased \nby \uff0b8.5\u00a0% to \uff0b36.0\u00a0% (p&lt;0.05 to p&lt;0.001) in each group while those of \ntotal cholesterol and \u03b3-glutamyltransferase were increased only in 3 and 4 \nestrogen\/progestogen combinations respectively. Conversely, the mean \nconcentrations of alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, phosphate and albumin \nwere significantly decreased. Using a discriminant analysis, three main groups \naccording to the type of progestogen were defined: cyproterone acetate, \nDL-norgestrel and levonorgestrel, and all other progestogens. The changes in \nserum triglyceride concentration induced by OC intake must be considered by the \nclinician and are useful for taking a clinical and risk decision in an \nindividual woman.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.1998.153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]],"date-time":"2004-10-11T13:49:43Z","timestamp":1097502583000},"page":"871-878","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Biological Effects of Eleven Combined Oral Contraceptives on Serum Triglycerides, \u03b3-Glutamyltransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase, Bilirubin and other Biochemical 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