{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:58:48Z","timestamp":1768568328203,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased use of designer drugs (amphetamines and amphetamine-like substances) raises the need for fast screening tests in urine in clinical settings, workplace and drug rehabilitation. Immunological assays currently used are subject to unwanted crossreactivities, partly depending on the cutoff concentrations used. The values recommended in Europe and the USA are 500 and 1000 ng\/ml, respectively. In Switzerland, the recommended concentration of 300 ng\/ml results in a high rate of false-positive urine samples and expensive, time-consuming confirmation testing. Using the Abbott Axsym analyzer, we found numerous false positives from patients in rehabilitation centers due to concomitant medication. Therefore, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the Abbott test at different cutoff concentrations and the sensitivity of the Roche Cobas Integra, Beckman Synchron and Biosite Triage point-of-care test were examined. HPLC Bio-Rad Remedi was chosen as the method of higher hierarchical order. The specificity of the Axsym analyzer (300 ng\/ml) was 86%. At 500 ng\/ml or 1000 ng\/ml the specificity was increased to 99 or 100%, respectively, while the sensitivity only decreased from 97 to 91 or 81%, respectively. In summary, the cutoff concentration for amphetamine screening tests should not be below 500 ng\/ml to avoid a high rate of false-positive results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.2004.213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]],"date-time":"2004-09-09T09:57:13Z","timestamp":1094723833000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Diagnostic efficiency of different amphetamine screening tests \u2013 the search for an optimal cutoff"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Reto","family":"Savoca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina M.","family":"Rentsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas R.","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.10.1703","article-title":"RE Duration of detectable methamphetamine and amphetamine excretion in urine after controlled oral administration of methamphetamine to humans","volume":"48","author":"Oyler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13771J","article-title":"Evaluation of the Abuscreen ONLINE assay for amphetamines on the Hitachi comparison with EMIT and GC \/ MS methods","volume":"40","author":"Baker","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/25.3.174","article-title":"Positive predictive values of abused drug immunoassays on the Beckman Synchron in a veteran population","volume":"25","author":"Dietzen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/41.6.951","article-title":"AS False - positive results with Emit II amphetamine \/ methamphetamine assay in users of common psychotropic drugs","volume":"41","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14890J","article-title":"Screening of amphetamine \/ methamphetamine and their derivatives in urine using FPIA and Triage and the scope and limits of a subsequent identification by means of the REMEDi HS system","volume":"8","author":"Felscher","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"93","article-title":"Analytical confirmation of error in false positive amphetamine immunoassays and results","volume":"201","author":"Schutz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Kriminol"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"409","article-title":"Evaluation of the REMEDI drug profiling system","volume":"32","author":"Demedts","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329903600505","article-title":"Evaluation of detection techniques and laboratory proficiency in testing for drugs of abuse in urine : an external quality assessment scheme using clinically realistic urine samples","volume":"36","author":"Wilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Guidelines of the European Workplace Drug Testing http www ewdts org Accessed","author":"EWDTS","year":"2004","journal-title":"Society"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/20.3.165","article-title":"de la Cross - reactivity of stimulants found in sports drug testing by two fluorescence polarization immunoassays","volume":"20","author":"Torre","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/cclm.2004.42.issue-9\/cclm.2004.213\/cclm.2004.213.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/CCLM.2004.213\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T14:59:41Z","timestamp":1734533981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/CCLM.2004.213\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm.2004.213","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-4331","1434-6621"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-4331","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1434-6621","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]}}}