{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:50:04Z","timestamp":1789055404842,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experienced physicians noted unexpectedly elevated concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase in some patient samples, but quality control specimens showed no bias. To evaluate this problem, we used a \u201clatent reference individual extraction method\u201d, designed to obtain reference intervals from a laboratory database by excluding individuals who have abnormal results for basic analytes other than the analyte in question, in this case lactate dehydrogenase. The reference interval derived for the suspected year was 264\u2013530U\/L, while that of the previous year was 248\u2013495U\/L. The only change we found was the introduction of an order entry system, which requests precise sampling volumes rather than complete filling of vacuum tubes. The effect of vacuum persistence was tested using ten freshly drawn blood samples. Compared with complete filling, 1\/5 filling resulted in average elevations of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartic aminotransferase, and potassium levels of 8.0%, 3.8%, and 3.4%, respectively (all p&lt;0.01). Microhemolysis was confirmed using a urine stick method. The length of time before centrifugation determined the degree of hemolysis, while vacuum during centrifugation did not affect it. Microhemolysis is the probable cause of the suspected pseudo-elevation noted by the physicians. Data-mining methodology represents a valuable tool for monitoring long-term bias in laboratory results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.2006.109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,9]],"date-time":"2006-05-09T06:52:08Z","timestamp":1147157528000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Insufficient filling of vacuum tubes as a cause of microhemolysis and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. Use of a data-mining technique in evaluation of questionable laboratory test results"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Yoshie","family":"Tamechika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Iwatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Tohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Ichihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1996.36196190516.x","article-title":"Suction - induced hemolysis at various vacuum pressures : implications for intraoperative blood salvage","volume":"36","author":"Gregoretti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"470","article-title":"Determination of reference interval for plasma proteins based on IFCC international reference preparation and NCCLS proposed guideline trial to select reference individuals by results of screening tests and application of maximal likelihood method","volume":"13","author":"Ichihara","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2825(1997)11:1<39::AID-JCLA7>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Serum protein standardization project in Japan : evaluation of an IFCC reference material and establishment of reference intervals","volume":"11","author":"Itoh","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"204","article-title":"A new quality control method based on a moving average of latent reference values selected from patients ' daily test results","volume":"52","author":"Hayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rinsho Byori"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2004.133","article-title":"Diagnostic and epidemiological implications of regional differences in serum concentrations of proteins observed in six Asian cities","volume":"42","author":"Ichihara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"245","article-title":"Derivation of latent reference intervals from routine laboratory database : its principle , validity and methodological implications for laboratory informatics in Japanese","volume":"44","author":"Ichihara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rinsho Byori"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1594.2000.06587.x","article-title":"Vacuum assisted cardiopulmonary bypass in minimally invasive cardiac surgery : its feasibility and effects on hemolysis","volume":"24","author":"Shin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"383","article-title":"Hemoglobin by first derivative spectrophotometry : extent of hemolysis in plasma and serum collected in vacuum container devices","volume":"19","author":"Copeland","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/cclm.2006.44.issue-5\/cclm.2006.109\/cclm.2006.109.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/CCLM.2006.109\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T22:47:30Z","timestamp":1619045250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/CCLM.2006.109\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm.2006.109","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-6621","1437-4331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-6621","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-4331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]}}}