{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:20:50Z","timestamp":1765545650339},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Approximately 40% of HIV infected patients have chronic meningitis at various stages during the infection, 59% are asymptomatic. This is a diagnosis of exclusion and a confounding factor in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, any other causes of chronic meningitis by opportunistic or co-infection must be ruled out. The aim of this study was to analyze CSF lactic acid (LA) as an adjuvant biomarker in chronic meningitis due to HIV.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> CSF LA was quantified in 223 CSF samples by the Dimension AR (Dade Behring, Deerfield, IL, USA), distributed into nine groups: 1) HIV positive with an increase in CSF WBCs (n=17); 2) HIV positive with normal CSF (n=20); 3) enterovirus meningitis (n=33); 4) <jats:italic>Herpesviridae<\/jats:italic> meningoencephalitis (n=30); 5) fungal meningitis (n=25); 6) tuberculosis (TB) meningitis (n=17); 7) toxoplasmosis (n=18); 8) neurosyphilis (n=6); 9) control group (n=57).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> CSF LA (median; IQR) was higher in samples with TB meningitis (5.5; 2.9\u20137.5\u00a0mmol\/L) and <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> meningitis (3.9; 2.7\u20135.8\u00a0mmol\/L) compated with samples with HIV chronic meningitis (1.7; 1.4\u20131.9\u00a0mmol\/L) and other groups (p\u22640.0001). For the diagnosis of HIV chronic meningitis, using a cut-off of 3.5\u00a0mmol\/L, CSF LA showed high sensitivity and negative predictive value, although low specificity.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> CSF LA helps to discriminate between <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> or TB meningitis and HIV chronic meningitis: CSF LA can be included with the methods currently used to identify these specific pathogens, though it does not replace them. It is rapid, inexpensive and easy to perform, and can be used in developing countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.2011.131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,11]],"date-time":"2011-02-11T10:46:18Z","timestamp":1297421178000},"page":"891-896","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Quantification of cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid in the differential diagnosis between HIV chronic meningitis and opportunistic meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9rgio Monteiro","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1tia","family":"Boritza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Section, Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Lucia","family":"Cogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Section, Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Pessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Section, Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unity, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indianara","family":"Rota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisol","family":"Muro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Section, Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9a","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unity, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia Mara","family":"Raboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luine Rosele","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Section, Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meri Bordignon","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Section, Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HNRC-UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90146-5"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X1989000300013","volume":"47","author":"Livramento JA","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520330032007","volume":"45","author":"Marshall DW","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(98)00164-5"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.316"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1967.00470230044005","volume":"16","author":"Posner JB","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch.Neurol"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548809117221"},{"key":"p_9","first-page":"227","volume":"33","author":"el Mdaghri N","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pathol Biol"},{"key":"p_10","first-page":"19","volume":"67","author":"Donald PR","year":"1985","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1983.15.issue-3.08","volume":"15","author":"Briem H","year":"1983","journal-title":"Scand. 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