{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:59:53Z","timestamp":1787061593887,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":2,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This review examines human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or pregnancy tests from multiple perspectives. It first investigates the molecule hCG and shows that the term represents five independent molecules differing in carbohydrate and meric structure that share a common amino acid sequence. The review goes on to show that multiple degradation produces also the need to be tested for an hCG or pregnancy test to be optimally efficient. The review then carefully examines the literature showing the sensitivity and specificity of automated laboratory tests. Point-of-care pregnancy tests are then investigated along with over-the-counter pregnancy tests. Appropriate detection of hyperglycosylated hCG, nicked hCG, nicked hCG missing the \u03b2-subunit C-terminal peptide and nicked hyperglycosylated hCG is a limitation on all pregnancy tests. In the opinion of the author, just one automated laboratory test, the Siemen\u2019s Immulite, one point-of-care test, the Beckman-Coulter Icon 25, and one brand of over-the-counter device, First Response, are suitable for early pregnancy detection and possibly other applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.2011.808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,13]],"date-time":"2011-12-13T06:28:20Z","timestamp":1323757700000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The hCG assay or pregnancy test"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Laurence A.","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref1001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.12.2109","article-title":"Hyperglycosylated hCG ( invasive trophoblast antigen ) immu - noassay : a new basis for gestational Down syndrome screening","volume":"45","author":"Cole","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref991","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Site - specifi c glycan analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin \u03b2 - subunit from malignancies and pregnancy by liquid chro - matography electrospray mass spectrometry Canfi eld RE The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin Bahado","volume":"16","author":"Morgan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glycobiology J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/cclm.2012.50.issue-4\/cclm.2011.808\/cclm.2011.808.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm.2011.808\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T19:05:23Z","timestamp":1619031923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm.2011.808\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"references-count":2,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm.2011.808","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-4331","1434-6621"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-4331","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1434-6621","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]}}}