{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:44:06Z","timestamp":1790351046583,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_crpm-2022-0019_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Congenital tuberculosis (TB) is a rare complication of TB during pregnancy. Diagnosis and treatment are challenging, especially in premature infants due to limited data on drug dosing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_crpm-2022-0019_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A male infant was born at 33\u00a0weeks gestational age to a mother who was hospitalized with respiratory illness and diagnosed with TB after delivery. The diagnosis was based on the presence of granulomas and mycobacteria in the placenta, positive mycobacterium TB PCR in gastric aspirate, and growth of MTB from gastric aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage cultures. Treatment started initially with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The patient\u2019s clinical course was complicated with ongoing respiratory distress and abdominal distension which raise the possibilities of drug resistance, but sensitivity was confirmed by PCR, or malabsorption of the medications due to concerns of abdominal TB. Isoniazid and rifampin doses needed to be adjusted due to low serum drug levels. Ethambutol was replaced by Levofloxacin, due to concerns about drug toxicity and unreliable therapeutic levels, but still there was no clinical improvement which raised the possibility of paradoxical reaction to the treatment, so we started the patient on prednisone for one month and tapered over two weeks. From age two months the patient showed progressive improvement and has by now completed 12\u00a0months of therapy with good clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_crpm-2022-0019_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therapeutic drug monitoring is important for adjusting medication dosage in premature infants due to limited experience in this age group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/crpm-2022-0019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T07:51:32Z","timestamp":1717055492000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Congenital tuberculosis (TB) use of second-line medication and therapeutic drug monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Haram A.","family":"Abdelmajid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases , State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center , New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghassan M.A.","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology , State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center , New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases , State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center , New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susannah D.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center , New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Americo E.","family":"Esquibies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology , State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center , New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria B.","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology , State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center , New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan A.","family":"Kohlhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases , State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center , New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120519134289814_j_crpm-2022-0019_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loto, OM, Awowole, I. Tuberculosis in pregnancy: a review. J Pregnancy 2012:379271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/379271.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/379271"},{"key":"2025120519134289814_j_crpm-2022-0019_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garg, S, Tin, W. Remington and Klein\u2019s infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant, 16th ed Chicago\/Turabian: Elsevier Saunders; 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2015.09.002"},{"key":"2025120519134289814_j_crpm-2022-0019_ref_003","unstructured":"Mittal, H, Das, S, Faridi, MM. Management of newborn infant born to mother suffering from tuberculosis: current recommendations & gaps in knowledge. Indian J Med Res 2014:32\u20139."},{"key":"2025120519134289814_j_crpm-2022-0019_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, W, Yang, J, Liu, E. Analysis of 170 cases of congenital TB reported in the literature between 1946 and 2009. Pediatr Pulmonol 2011:1215\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.21490.","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21490"},{"key":"2025120519134289814_j_crpm-2022-0019_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, S, DeSantis, ER. Treatment of congenital tuberculosis. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2008:2027\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2146\/ajhp080054.","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp080054"},{"key":"2025120519134289814_j_crpm-2022-0019_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pal, P, Ghosh, A. Congenital tuberculosis: late manifestation of the maternal infection. Indian J Pediatr 2008:516\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-008-0082-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-008-0082-x"},{"key":"2025120519134289814_j_crpm-2022-0019_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruz, AT, Starke, JR. Monitoring treatment of childhood tuberculosis and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring. Indian J Pediatr 2019:732\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-019-02882-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-019-02882-y"},{"key":"2025120519134289814_j_crpm-2022-0019_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen, LVJr., Erickson, MA. Stability of bethanechol chloride, pyrazinamide, quinidine sulfate, rifampin, and tetracycline hydrochloride in extemporaneously compounded oral liquids. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1998:1804\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajhp\/55.17.1804.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/55.17.1804"},{"key":"2025120519134289814_j_crpm-2022-0019_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rey, E, Pons, G, Cr\u00e9mier, O, Vauzelle-Kervro\u00ebdan, F, Pariente-Khayat, A, d\u2019Athis, P, et al.. Isoniazid dose adjustment in a pediatric population. Ther Drug Monit 1998:50\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007691-199802000-00009.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199802000-00009"},{"key":"2025120519134289814_j_crpm-2022-0019_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cantwell, MF, Shehab, ZM, Costello, AM, Sands, L, Green, WF, Ewing, EP, et al.. Brief report: congenital tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 1994:1051\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm199404143301505.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404143301505"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Perinatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/crpm-2022-0019\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/crpm-2022-0019\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T19:16:09Z","timestamp":1764962169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/crpm-2022-0019\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/crpm-2022-0019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/crpm-2022-0019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-8959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-8959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"article-number":"20220019"}}