{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T07:47:00Z","timestamp":1765525620568,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Lithium, which is often used for the treatment of bipolar disorders, is mainly recovered into urine after being orally administered. Due to the fact that it is completely absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract, it remains unknown whether biliary excretion is involved in the lithium disposition. In this study, we examined biliary excretion of lithium in rats and compared these with renal excretion.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    After the injection of lithium chloride to femoral vein, plasma levels and excretion into urine and bile of lithium were evaluated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    After its intravenous administration as a bolus, the plasma concentration of lithium decreased time-dependently. Until 60 min, 6.47% and 0.694% of injected lithium were excreted into urine and bile, respectively. The biliary clearance of lithium was calculated to be 0.0779 mL\/min\/kg, and this was 11.3% of the renal clearance.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    These findings suggest the low ability of the liver to eliminate lithium from plasma in comparison with the kidney in rats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/dmdi-2014-0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]],"date-time":"2015-02-09T08:09:30Z","timestamp":1423469370000},"page":"65-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Minor contribution of biliary excretion in lithium elimination in rats"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Uwai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Nabekura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]]},"container-title":["Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dmdi-2014-0033\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dmdi-2014-0033\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T07:44:52Z","timestamp":1765525492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dmdi-2014-0033\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/dmdi-2014-0033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dmdi-2014-0033","relation":{},"ISSN":["2363-8915","2363-8907"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2363-8915"},{"type":"print","value":"2363-8907"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]]}}}