{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T20:49:48Z","timestamp":1775594988015,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2020-0119_abs_001_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1aab1c14b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diosmin (DSM), commonly isolated from various plants, is a citrus nutrient that has been shown to increase intracellular antioxidant capacity and assuage symptoms associated with neurological disorders. Deficiency in the antioxidant system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The use of antioxidants as neuroprotectants to suppress schizophrenia pathology is increasingly being sought. Hence, this study investigated the effects of DSM on schizophrenia-like behavior and the underlying changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in mice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2020-0119_abs_002_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1aab1c14b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The acute antipsychotic effect of DSM (25, 50, and 100\u00a0mg\/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]), haloperidol (1\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p.), and risperidone (RIS) (0.5\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p.) was investigated on stereotyped behaviors induced by apomorphine (2\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p.) and ketamine (10\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p.). The effect of DSM on ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion, immobility enhancement, and its woodblock cataleptogenic potential was evaluated. Also, the subacute antipsychotic potential of DSM was assessed following intraperitoneal injection of DSM (25\u2013100\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p.) alone and in combination with ketamine (20\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p.) for 10 days. The behaviors of the animals were assessed in the open-field, Y-maze, and forced swim tests. Brains of the animals were afterward processed for spectrophotometric assay of oxidative stress and AChE contents.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2020-0119_abs_003_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1aab1c14b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>DSM (25, 50, and 100\u00a0mg\/kg) attenuated apormorphine-induced stereotypy and devoid of cataleptogenic effect. DSM and RIS reversed acute and subacute ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors. Disomin alone increased cognitive function and reduced despair-like phenotype. Furthermore, DSM increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione and decreased malondialdehyde and AChE levels in na\u00efve and ketamine schizophrenic mice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2020-0119_abs_004_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1aab1c14b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>DSM prevents schizophrenia-like behavior, attenuates oxidative stress, and AChE activity in na\u00efve and ketamine schizophrenic mice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/dmpt-2020-0119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T13:51:31Z","timestamp":1657893091000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Diosmin attenuates schizophrenia-like behavior, oxidative stress, and acetylcholinesterase activity in mice"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Aya-Ebi","family":"Okubo Eneni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Oyo State , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benneth","family":"Ben-Azu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Oyo State , Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences , Port Harcourt , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abayomi","family":"Mayowa Ajayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Oyo State , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adegbuyi","family":"Oladele Aderibigbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Oyo State , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022071513451922885_j_dmpt-2020-0119_ref_001_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monte, AS, de Souza, GC, Mclntyre, RS, Joanna, KS, dos Santos, JV, Rafaela, CC, et al. Prevention and reversal of ketamine-induced schizophrenia related behavior by minocycline in mice: possible involvement of antioxidant and nitrergic pathway. J Psychopharmacol 2013;27:1032\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881113503506.","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113503506"},{"key":"2022071513451922885_j_dmpt-2020-0119_ref_002_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1ab2b1b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Azu, B, Aderibigbe, AO, Omogbiya, IA, Ajayi, AM, Owoeye, O, Olonode, ET, et al. Probable mechanisms involved in the antipsychotic-like activity of morin in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018;105:1079\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.06.057.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.06.057"},{"key":"2022071513451922885_j_dmpt-2020-0119_ref_003_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1ab2b1b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chindo, BA, Adzu, B, Yahaya, TA, Gamaniel, KS. Ketamine-enhanced immobility in forced swim test: a possible animal model for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 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Diosmin, a citrus nutrient, activates imidazoline receptors to alleviate blood glucose and lipids in type 1-like diabetic rats. Nutrients 2017;9:684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9070684.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070684"},{"key":"2022071513451922885_j_dmpt-2020-0119_ref_015_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1ab2b1c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naso, L, Mart\u00ednez, VR, Lezama, L, Salado, C, Valcarcel, M, Ferrer, EG, et al. oxidant, anticancer activities and mechanistic studies of the flavone glycoside diosmin and Its oxidovanadium(IV) complex. Interactions with bovine serum albumin. Bioorg Med Chem. 2016;24:4108\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmc.2016.06.053.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2016.06.053"},{"key":"2022071513451922885_j_dmpt-2020-0119_ref_016_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1ab2b1c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azucena, IC, Gonz\u00e1lez-Trujano, ME, Pellicer, F, Alvarado-V\u00e1squez, N, L\u00f3pez-Mu\u00f1oz, FJ. Central and peripheral anti-hyperalgesic effects of diosmin in a neuropathic pain model in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018;97:310\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.077.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.077"},{"key":"2022071513451922885_j_dmpt-2020-0119_ref_017_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1ab2b1c17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasan, HF, Abdel-Rafei, MK, Galal, SM. Diosmin attenuates radiation-Induced hepatic fibrosis by boosting PPAR-\u03b3 expression and hampering miR-17-5p-activated canonical wnt-\u03b2-catenin signaling. Biochem Cell Biol 2017;95:400\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/bcb-2016-0142.","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2016-0142"},{"key":"2022071513451922885_j_dmpt-2020-0119_ref_018_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1ab2b1c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zudin, AM, Gritsenko, AG, Hadzhishvili, IT. The effects of diosmin and hesperidin on capillary blood flow of upper limbs in patients with secondary Raynaud\u2019s syndrome. 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Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2001.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142301.ns0810as14"},{"key":"2022071513451922885_j_dmpt-2020-0119_ref_025_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1ab2b1c25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koh, MT, Shao, Y, Sherwood, A, Smith, DR. Impaired hippocampal-dependent memory and reduced parvalbumin-positive interneurons in a ketamine mouse model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016;171:187\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2016.01.023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.01.023"},{"key":"2022071513451922885_j_dmpt-2020-0119_ref_026_w2aab3b7c35b1b6b1ab2b1c26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behrens, MM, Ali, SS, Dugan, LL. Interleukin-6 mediates the increase in NADPH-oxidase in the ketamine model of schizophrenia. 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