{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T21:49:31Z","timestamp":1783633771107,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1-4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"DOI":"10.1515\/dmdi.2000.17.1-4.159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,11]],"date-time":"2011-05-11T09:10:41Z","timestamp":1305105041000},"page":"159-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The Micronutrient Indole-3-Carbinol: Implications for Disease and Chemoprevention"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"H.G.","family":"Shertzer,","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.P.","family":"Senft,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.35.040195.001515","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex","volume":"28","author":"Hankinson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"2820","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of phenolic com - pounds on benzo ( a ) pyrene - induced neoplasia","volume":"8","author":"Wattenberg","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(82)90229-0","article-title":"Indole carbinol and indole acetonitrile influence on hepatic microsomal metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Shertzer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1042\/bst026s370","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of indole carbinol as a chemopreventive agent S","volume":"53","author":"Hudson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"ref411","first-page":"344","article-title":"Mechanisms of tumor modulation by indole carbinol Disposition and excretion in male Fischer rats","volume":"36","author":"Stresser","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(93)90012-3","article-title":"Ascorbigen and other indole - derived compounds from Brassica vegetables and their analogs as anticarcinogenic and immunomodulating agents","volume":"2","author":"Preobrazhenskaya","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550080207","article-title":"Nucleophilic index value : Implication in the protection by indole carbinol from nitrosodimethylamine cyto - and genotoxicity in mouse liver","volume":"40","author":"Shertzer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"ref1101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(98)00032-5","article-title":"Prevention of cyclophosphamide - induced micro - nucleus formation in mouse bone marrow by indole carbinol","volume":"105","author":"Agrawal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref1271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589109514159","article-title":"Production of Ah receptor ligands in rat fecal suspensions containing tryptophan or indole carbinol","volume":"122","author":"Perdew","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"ref961","first-page":"709","article-title":"Chemoprevention of chemically - induced mam - mary carcinogenesis by indole carbinol","volume":"91","author":"Grubbs","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"ref1091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(98)00247-X","article-title":"Antitumour promoting activity of indole carbinol in mouse skin carcinogenesis","volume":"104","author":"Srivastava","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"ref1361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)07485-9","article-title":"Dietary indole carbinol inhibits FMO activity and the expression of flavin - containing monooxygenase form in rat liver and intestine","volume":"131","author":"Larsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"ref1011","first-page":"574","article-title":"Reversal of multidrug resistance in vivo by dietary administration of the phytochemical indole carbinol","volume":"96","author":"Christensen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00026a007","article-title":"Oligomerization of indole carbinol in aqueous acid","volume":"34","author":"Grose","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"ref851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(91)90173-L","article-title":"Mutagen formation on nitrite treatment of indole compounds derived from indole - glucosinolate","volume":"80","author":"Sasagawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"ref1081","first-page":"1379","article-title":"van Lieshout EM Effects of the sulforaphane analog compound indole carbinol limonene or relafen on glutathione S - transferases and glutathione peroxidase of the rat digestive tract","volume":"103","author":"Posner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref1331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(94)00117-7","article-title":"Regu - lation of hepatic cytochrome A by indole carbinol : transient induction with continuous feeding in rainbow trout","volume":"128","author":"Takahashi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4800(87)90076-1","article-title":"Protection from nitrosodimethyl - amine mediated liver damage by indole carbinol","volume":"50","author":"Shertzer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(91)90020-8","article-title":"Intrinsic acute toxicity and hepatic enzyme inducing properties of the chemoprotectants indole carbinol and dihydroindeno indole in mice","volume":"46","author":"Shertzer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(88)90105-X","article-title":"Protective effect of dietary Brussels sprouts against mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague - Dawley rats","volume":"20","author":"Stoewsand","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/12.9.1571","article-title":"Effects of dietary indole carbinol on estradiol metabolism and spontaneous mammary tumors in mice","volume":"56","author":"Bradlow","year":"1991","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref1371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(96)80010-X","article-title":"Effects of developmental exposure to indole carbinol or tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin on reproductive potential of male rat offspring","volume":"132","author":"Wilker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"493","article-title":"transferase activity : Enhancement by compounds inhibiting chemical carcinogenesis and by dietary constituents","volume":"9","author":"Sparnins","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref901","first-page":"450","article-title":"Organ - selective induction of cytochrome dependent activities by indole carbinol - derived products : influence on covalent binding of benzo a pyrene to hepatic and pulmonary DNA in the rat","volume":"85","author":"Park","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"ref871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/12.4.691","article-title":"Modifying responses of allyl sulfide indole carbinol and germanium in a rat multi - organ carcinogenesis model","volume":"82","author":"Jang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(94)90070-1","article-title":"Alterations in estradiol metabolism in MCF - cells induced by treatment with indoIe carbinol and related com - pounds","volume":"61","author":"Niwa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"ref781","first-page":"1244","article-title":"Indole carbinol and tamoxifen cooperate to arrest the cell cycle of MCF - human breast cancer cells","volume":"73","author":"Cover","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref1301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(92)90193-O","article-title":"van der Linden EC de Kruif CA van Bladeren PJ Falke HE Effects of indole carbinol on biotrans - formation enzymes in the rat : in vivo changes in liver and small intestinal mucosa in comparison with primary hepatocyte cultures","volume":"125","author":"Wortelboer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref1191","first-page":"591","article-title":"Long - term responses of women to indole carbinol or a high fiber diet","volume":"114","author":"Bradlow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarker Prev"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"450","article-title":"Methoxyindole carbinol is a more efficient inducer of cytochrome Al in cultured cells than indol carbinol","volume":"39","author":"Stephensen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"ref341","first-page":"4501","article-title":"Induction of cytochrome","volume":"29","author":"Whitlock","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref1351","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Indole carbinol as a scavenger of free radicals","volume":"130","author":"Arnao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Mol Biol Int"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"2448","article-title":"Inhibition of neoplasia by minor dietary constituents s - s","volume":"12","author":"Wattenberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref881","first-page":"2362","article-title":"Promotion of aflatoxin carcinogenesis by the natural tumor modulator indole carbinol : influence of dose duration and intermittent exposure on indole carbinol promotional potency","volume":"83","author":"Dashwood","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref381","first-page":"303","article-title":"de Kruif CA Structure elucidation of acid reaction products Shertzer and A Senft Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions of indole carbinol : detection in vivo and enzyme induction in vitro","volume":"33","author":"Marsman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"ref1121","first-page":"9000","article-title":"Potency of dietary indole carbinol as a promoter of aflatoxin B r ini t ia ted hepatocarcinogenesis : results from a animal tumor study","volume":"107","author":"Oganesian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref1221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5357-1_25","article-title":"Dietary indole derivatives induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cells","volume":"117","author":"Fares","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/84.15.1210","article-title":"Indole carbinol","volume":"75","author":"Preobrazhenskaya","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref971","first-page":"344","article-title":"Inhibition of DNA adduct formation of amino - l - methyl phenylimidazo pyridine ( PhIP ) by dietary indole carbinol in the mammary gland colon and liver of the female rat","volume":"92","author":"Schut","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sei"},{"key":"ref1391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00166-5","article-title":"van Poppel van Bladeren PJ Larsen In vitro and in vivo inhibition of human flavin - containing monooxygenase form FM in the presence of dietary indoles","volume":"134","author":"Cashman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1002\/hlca.19660490220","article-title":"\u00dcber die Struktur des Ascorbigens","volume":"37","author":"Kiss","year":"1966","journal-title":"Helv Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(91)90009-V","article-title":"Mechanisms of chemi - cal mediated cytotoxicity and chemoprevention in isolated rat hepatocytes","volume":"41","author":"Shertzer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9543","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.21.9543","article-title":"Aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness - receptor agonists generated from indole carbinol in vitro and in vivo : Comparisons with tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin","volume":"35","author":"Bjeldanes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sei USA"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9919706","article-title":"The major cyclic trimeric product of indole carbinol is a strong agonist of the estrogen receptor signaling pathway","volume":"71","author":"Riby","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref1181","first-page":"1446","article-title":"Shertzer andA Senft Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions Chemoprevention of spontaneous endometrial cancer in female Donryu rats by dietary indole carbinol","volume":"186","author":"Kojima","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"1410","article-title":"Inhibition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon - induced neoplasia by naturally occurring indoles","volume":"13","author":"Wattenberg","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref231","first-page":"151","article-title":"No Carbinol Hepatic glutathione S - transferase activity and aflatoxin \u0392 - induced enzyme altered foci in rats fed fractions of Brussels sprouts","volume":"179","author":"Indole","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"ref921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)08387-4","article-title":"and Williams DE Indole carbinol and beta - naphthoflavone induction of aflatoxin metabolism and cytochromes associated with bioactivation and detoxication of aflatoxin Bj in the rat","volume":"87","author":"Stresser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(96)03745-3","article-title":"van den Brandt PA van Poppel A review of mechanisms underlying anticarcinogenicity by Brassica vegetables","volume":"4","author":"Verhoeven","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1993.1002","article-title":"Lipoprotein oxidation and measurement of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances formation in a single microtiter plate : its use for evaluation of antioxidants","volume":"43","author":"Wallin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"341","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of Brussels sprouts glucosinolates and glucosinolate metabolite consumption on rat hepatic polysubstrate monooxygenases","volume":"18","author":"Miller","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dev Toxicol Environ Sei"},{"key":"ref641","first-page":"337","article-title":"Estrogen metabolism and human papillomavirus - induced tumors of the larynx : chemo - prophylaxis with indole carbinol","volume":"59","author":"Newfield","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"ref831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/11.8.1403","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of sinigrin and indole carbinol on diethylnitrosamine - induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male AC N rats","volume":"78","author":"Tanaka","year":"1990","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref1041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/18.2.377","article-title":"Enhancement by indole carbinol of liver and thyroid gland neoplastic development in a rat medium - term multiorgan carcinogenesis model","volume":"99","author":"Kim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00073a010","article-title":"High - performance liquid chromatographic analysis of anticarcinogenic indoles in Brassica oleracea","volume":"32","author":"Bradfield","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-216-44174","article-title":"Inhibition of proliferation and modulation of estradiol metabolism : novel mechanisms for breast cancer prevention by the phytochemical indole carbinol","volume":"66","author":"Telang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.10.1829","article-title":"Chemoprevention of aflatoxin \u0392 - induced carcino - genesis by indole carbinol in rat liver - predicting the outcome using early biomarkers","volume":"52","author":"Manson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref1131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0461(1999)13:5<239::AID-JBT3>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Inhibition of DNA adduct formation of amino - l - methyl - phenylimidazo pyridine and amino methylimidazo quinoline by dietary indole carbinol in female rats","volume":"108","author":"He","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"369","article-title":"Polyfunctional indole carbinol derivatives : l - ( indol yl ) glycerols and re - Shertzer and A Senft Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions lated compounds beta - hydroxytryptamines and ascorbigens Chemistry and biological properties","volume":"3","author":"Preobrazhenskaya","year":"1995","journal-title":"Farmaco"},{"key":"ref1161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00010-5","article-title":"Inhibition of cigarette smoke - related DNA adducts in rat tissues by indole carbinol","volume":"111","author":"Arif","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"ref751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(98)70274-8","article-title":"Preliminary results of the use of indole carbinol for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis","volume":"70","author":"Rosen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1994.tb02399.x","article-title":"Biphasic modifying effect of indole carbinol on diethylnitrosamine - induced preneoplastic glutathione S transferase placental form - positive liver cell foci in Sprague - Dawley rats","volume":"89","author":"Kim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.11.947","article-title":"Induction of estradiol metabolism by dietary indole carbinol in humans","volume":"55","author":"Michnovicz","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref821","first-page":"2613","article-title":"Effects of indole carbinol on lung tumorigenesis and DNA methylation induced by ( methylnitros - amino ) - l - pyridyl ) - l - butanone ( NNK ) and on the metabolism and disposi - tion of NNK in A J mice","volume":"77","author":"Morse","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref1401","first-page":"271","article-title":"South EH Dietary indole carbinol alters immune functions in rats","volume":"135","author":"Exon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health"},{"key":"ref1151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(99)00060-0","article-title":"Prevention of chromosomal aberration in mouse bone marrow by indole carbinol","volume":"110","author":"Agrawal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(94)90007-8","article-title":"Effect of the plant compound indole carbinol on hepatic cholesterol homoeostasis","volume":"54","author":"LeBIanc","year":"1994","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(84)90008-5","article-title":"Indole carbinol protects against covalent binding of benzo ( a ) - pyrene and nitrosodimethylamine metabolites to mouse liver macro - molecules","volume":"27","author":"Shertzer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4800(87)90064-5","article-title":"Protection against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity by pretreatment with indole carbinol","volume":"49","author":"Shertzer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"ref951","first-page":"3617","article-title":"Anticarcinogenic activity of indole carbinol acid products : ultra - sensitive bioassay by trout embryo microinjection","volume":"90","author":"Dashwood","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref1261","first-page":"450","article-title":"Induction of cytochrome in rat colon and liver by indole carbinol and benzoflavone","volume":"121","author":"Vang","year":"1990","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref1281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9543","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.21.9543","article-title":"Aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness - receptor agonists generated from indole carbinol in vitro and in vivo : comparisons with tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin","volume":"123","author":"Bjeldanes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sei USA"},{"key":"ref1231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.7.3838","article-title":"Indole carbinol inhibits the expression of cyclin - dependent kinase - and induces a G cell cycle arrest of human breast cancer cells independent of estrogen receptor signaling","volume":"118","author":"Cover","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref141","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Dietary constituents altering the responses to chemical carcinogens","volume":"10","author":"Wattenberg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"ref1201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00742-0","article-title":"Induction of estradiol hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin - - deethylase by substituted indole compounds","volume":"115","author":"Wong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref1001","first-page":"344","article-title":"Protection by chlorophyllin and indole carbinol against amino - l - methyl phenylimidazo pyridine ( PhlP ) - induced DNA adducts and colonic aberrant crypts in the rat","volume":"95","author":"Guo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref691","first-page":"4333","article-title":"Interaction between a semisynthetic diet and indole carbinol on mammary tumor incidence in Balb \/ cfC H mice","volume":"64","author":"Malloy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"155","article-title":"Inhibition of carcinogenesis by naturally - occurring and synthetic compounds In eds Anti - carcinogenesis Mechanisms II New York : Plenum Press Series Editor Vol","volume":"11","author":"Wattenberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Basic Life Sciences"},{"key":"ref1321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(94)90096-5","article-title":"Distinct forms of hepatic androgen \u00df - hydroxylase induced in the rat by indole carbinol and pregnenolone carbonitrile","volume":"127","author":"Jellinck","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"399","article-title":"Inhibition of hepatic toxicities from polybrominated biphenyls and aflatoxin \u0392 in rats fed cauliflower","volume":"17","author":"Stoewsand","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Environ Pathol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref1111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(99)00026-5","article-title":"Effect of some indole derivatives on xenobiotic metabolism and xeno - biotic - induced toxicity in cultured rat liver slices","volume":"106","author":"Renwick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398709531021","article-title":"Structure - activity relationships of dietary indoles : a proposed mechanism of action as modifiers of xenobiotic metabolism","volume":"31","author":"Bradfield","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589109514141","article-title":"Altered estrogen metabolism and excretion in humans following consumption of indole carbinol","volume":"58","author":"Michnovicz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(97)90012-0","article-title":"Treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with indole carbinol","volume":"60","author":"Coll","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref1241","first-page":"3991","article-title":"Indole - carbinol prevents cervical cancer in human papilloma virus type transgenic mice","volume":"119","author":"Jin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref1311","first-page":"288","article-title":"Photoaffinity labelling of steroid - hormone - binding glutathione S - transferases with methyltrienolone Inhi - No Carbinol bition of steroid - binding activity by the anticarcinogen indole carbinol","volume":"126","author":"Danger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(90)90643-Y","article-title":"Mechanisms of anti - carcinogenesis by indole carbinol Studies of enzyme induction electrophile - scavenging and inhibition of aflatoxin activation","volume":"79","author":"Fong","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref1211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800573","article-title":"Increased estrogen hydroxylation in obese women using oral indole carbinol","volume":"116","author":"Michnovicz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(91)90079-M","article-title":"Chemoprotective and hepatic enzyme induction properties of indole and indenoindole antioxidants in rats","volume":"47","author":"Shertzer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref1341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(96)00060-3","article-title":"Indole carbinol and diindolylmethane as aryl hydrocarbon ( Ah ) receptor agonists and antagonists in D human breast cancer cells","volume":"129","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/86.2.126","article-title":"Selective respon - siveness of human breast cancer cells to indole carbinol a chemopreventive agent","volume":"63","author":"Tiwari","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref1251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00165-3","article-title":"Cyto - static and antiestrogenic effects of ( indoI ylmethyl ) - diindolylmethane a major in vivo product of dietary indole carbinol","volume":"120","author":"Chang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(88)90737-X","article-title":"Intervention in free radical mediated hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation by indole carbinol","volume":"42","author":"Shertzer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(78)80195-3","article-title":"Effect of dietary indole carbinol on the induction of the mixed - function oxidases of rat tissue","volume":"16","author":"Babish","year":"1978","journal-title":"Food Cosmet Toxicol"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(91)90034-S","article-title":"Influence of indole carbinol on the hepatic microsomal formation of catechol estrogens","volume":"57","author":"Jellinck","year":"1991","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-216-44174","article-title":"Inhibition of proliferation and modulation of estradiol metabolism : novel mechanisms for breast cancer prevention by the phytochemical indole carbinol","volume":"67","author":"Telang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00310-X","article-title":"Role of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor and Ah gene battery in the oxidative stress response cell cycle control and apoptosis","volume":"30","author":"Nebert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(87)90170-0","article-title":"Differen - tial induction of mixed - function oxidase ( MFO activity in rat liver and intestine by diets containing processed cabbage : Correlation with cabbage levels of glucosinolates and glucosinolate hydrolysis products","volume":"23","author":"McDanell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.10.718","article-title":"Changes in levels of urinary estrogen metabolites after oral indole carbinol treatment in humans","volume":"65","author":"Michnovicz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(96)00080-9","article-title":"Characterization of novel indenoindoles Part I Structure - activity relationships in different model systems of lipid peroxidation","volume":"45","author":"Westerlund","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref1051","first-page":"517","article-title":"No Carbinol Effects of indole carbinol on the metabolism of ( methylnitrosamino ) - l - pyridyl ) - l - butanone in smokers","volume":"185","author":"Indole","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarker Prev"},{"key":"ref791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090000088","article-title":"Suppression of breast cancer invasion and migration by indole carbinol : associated with up - regulation of BRCA and cadherin \/ catenin complexes","volume":"74","author":"Meng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"ref891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1992.tb01988.x","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of the natural products indole carbinol and sinigrin during initiation and promotion phases of - nitroquinoline oxide - induced rat tongue carcinogenesis","volume":"84","author":"Tanaka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(95)00055-7","article-title":"Induction of hepatic CYP A by indole carbinol in protection against aflatoxin hepatocarcino - genesis in rainbow trout","volume":"93","author":"Takahashi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.1.1","article-title":"Functional role of estrogen metabolism in target cells : review and perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref1171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(92)90043-K","article-title":"The anti - carcinogenic plant compound indole carbinol differentially modulates P - mediated steroid hydroxylase activities in mice","volume":"112","author":"Baldwin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(83)90265-X","article-title":"Protection by indole carbinol against covalent binding of benzo ( a ) pyrene metabolites to mouse liver DNA and protein","volume":"26","author":"Shertzer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867305666220319151112","article-title":"The chemistry and pharmacology of indole - carbinol ( indole methanol ) and ( methoxymethyl ) indole [ Part II ]","volume":"5","author":"Broadbent","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"ref991","first-page":"3","article-title":"Mechanisms of indole carbinol anticarcinogenesis : inhibition of aflatoxin Bi - DNA adduction and mutagenesis by I C acid condensation products","volume":"94","author":"Takahashi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08736.x","article-title":"Multifunctional aspects of the action of indole carbinol as an antitumor agent","volume":"7","author":"Bradlow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sei"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(84)90147-9","article-title":"Effect of dietary indole carbinol on intestinal and hepatic monooxygenase glutathione transferase and epoxide hydrolase activities in the rat","volume":"22","author":"Bradfield","year":"1984","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(94)90080-9","article-title":"Retardation of benzo a pyrene - induced epidermal tumor formation by the potent antioxidant tetrahydroindeno indole","volume":"51","author":"Shertzer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)14168-0","article-title":"Interactions of indoles with specific binding sites for tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin in rat liver","volume":"38","author":"Gillner","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"985","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in rat tissues by naturally occurring indoles of cruciferous plants","volume":"15","author":"Loub","year":"1975","journal-title":"Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref1061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(97)00235-8","article-title":"Long term dietary indole carbinol inhibits diethylnitrosamine - initiated hepatocarcinogenesis in the infant mouse model","volume":"101","author":"Oganesian","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050346","article-title":"Molecular modeling parameters predict antioxidant efficacy of indolyl compounds","volume":"44","author":"Shertzer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(89)90130-0","article-title":"The effect of feeding Brassica vegetables and intact glucosinolates on mixed - function - oxidase activity in the livers and intestines of rats","volume":"21","author":"McDanell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref531","first-page":"4383","article-title":"No Carbinol New antioxidants incorporating indole and indoline chromophores","volume":"181","author":"Indole","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref731","first-page":"1673","article-title":"Anti - estrogenic activities of indole carbinol in cervical cells : implication for prevention of cervical cancer","volume":"68","author":"Yuan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2000.5847","article-title":"Schmidt - Grimminger Placebo - controlled trial of indole carbinol in the treatment of CIN","volume":"69","author":"Bell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"ref1021","first-page":"344","article-title":"Protection by green tea black tea and indole carbinol against amino methylimidazo quinoline - induced DNA adducts and colonic aberrant crypts in the rat","volume":"97","author":"Xu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref1071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/18.11.2149","article-title":"Inhibition of amino methylimidazo quinoline - DNA adducts by indole carbinol : dose - response studies in the rat colon","volume":"102","author":"Xu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref1381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32824","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.52.32824","article-title":"CA rd Expression of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex in yeast Activation of transcription by indole compounds","volume":"133","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(92)90119-M","article-title":"Genotoxicities of nitropyrenes and their modu - lation by apigenin tannic acid ellagic acid and indole carbinol in the Salmonella and CHO systems","volume":"86","author":"Kuo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mutat Res"}],"container-title":["Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/DMDI.2000.17.1-4.159\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/DMDI.2000.17.1-4.159\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T07:08:25Z","timestamp":1765523305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/DMDI.2000.17.1-4.159\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/DMDI.2000.17.1-4.159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dmdi.2000.17.1-4.159","relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-0162","0792-5077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2191-0162","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0792-5077","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]}}}