{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T22:30:56Z","timestamp":1780957856723,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The current understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease has resulted in adjunctive use of various pharmacologic agents in periodontal therapy. The objective of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of atorvastatin and simvastatin (because of their pleiotropic properties) as an adjunct to dental scaling and root planing (SRP) by local delivery, i.e. placing them subgingivally, in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Local delivery systems for atorvastatin and simvastatin were prepared in sodium alginate suspension to be administered with calcium chloride solution. Patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were grouped as group 1, receiving SRP only (control), group 2, receiving SRP with subgingival delivery of 1.2% simvastatin, and group 3, receiving SRP with subgingival delivery of 1.2% atorvastatin. Clinical parameters and interleukin (IL) 1\u03b1 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were assessed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    All three groups showed significant reductions in clinical parameters and IL-1\u03b1 levels in the GCF (p&lt;0.05). However, the test groups did not show any statistically significant difference when compared with control.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Subgingivally delivered atorvastatin and simvastatin as an adjunct to SRP is efficacious but did not demonstrate any added benefit as compared with SRP alone.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/dmpt-2015-0024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]],"date-time":"2015-11-09T12:06:04Z","timestamp":1447070764000},"page":"263-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Efficacy of subgingivally delivered atorvastatin and simvastatin as an adjunct to scaling and root planing"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sai M.","family":"Surve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Borivali, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anirudh B.","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinath L.","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_001_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvi GE, Lang NP. Host response modulation in the management of periodontal diseases. J Clin Peridontol 2005;32(Suppl 6):108\u201329.10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00785.x16128833","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00785.x"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_002_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ab2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blake GJ, Ridker PM. Are statins anti-inflammatory? Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med 2000;1:161\u20135.10.1186\/CVM-1-3-161","DOI":"10.1186\/cvm-1-3-161"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_003_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ab3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davignon J. Beneficial cardiovascular pleiotropic effects of statins. Circulation 2004;109:III39\u201343.10.1161\/01.CIR.0000131517.20177.5a15198965","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000131517.20177.5a"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_004_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ab4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laufs U, Liao JK. Isoprenoid metabolism and the pleiotropic effects of statins. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2003;5:372\u20138.10.1007\/s11883-003-0008-z267631612911847","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-003-0008-z"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_005_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ab5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mundy G, Garret R, Harris S, Chan J, Chen D, Rossini G, et al. Stimulation of bone formation in vitro and in rodents by statins. Science 1999;286:1946\u20139.10.1126\/science.286.5446.194610583956","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5446.1946"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_006_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ab6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estanislau IM, Terceiro IR, Lisboa MR, Teles Pde B, Carvalho Rde S, Martins RS, et al. Pleiotropic effects of statins on the treatment of chronic periodontitis \u2013 a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015;79:877\u201385.10.1111\/bcp.12564445612025444240","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12564"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_007_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ab7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Karakida T, Nagano T, Gomi K, Arai T, Fukae M, et al. Simvastatin, cholesterol-lowering drug, as a new therapeutic agent for periodontal regeneration. J Hard Tissue Biol Proc 2005;14:196\u20137.10.2485\/jhtb.14.196","DOI":"10.2485\/jhtb.14.196"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_008_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ab8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindy O, Suomalainen K, M\u00e4kel\u00e4 M, Lindy S. Statin use is associated with fewer periodontal lesions: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2008;8:16\u201322.10.1186\/1472-6831-8-16240577618482446","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-8-16"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_009_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ab9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meisel P, Kroemer HK, Nauck M, Holtfreter B, Kocher T. Tooth loss, periodontitis, and statins in a population-based follow-up study. J Periodontol 2014;85:e160\u20138.10.1902\/jop.2013.13045624304227","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.130456"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_010_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pradeep AR, Thorat MS. Clinical effect of subgingivally delivered simvastatin in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2010;81:214\u201322.10.1902\/jop.2009.09042920151799","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090429"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_011_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakoda K, Yamamoto M, Negishi Y, Liao JK, Node K, Izumi Y. Simvastatin decreases IL-6 and IL-8 production in epithelial cells. J Dent Res 2006;85:520\u20133.10.1177\/154405910608500608","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608500608"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_012_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones P, Kafonek S, Laurora I, Hunninghake D. Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin versus simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (The CURVES Study). Am J Cardiol 1998;81:582\u20137.10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00965-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00965-X"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_013_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loe H. The gingival index, the plaque index, and the retention index systems. J Periodontol 1967;38:610\u20136.10.1902\/jop.1967.38.6_part2.610","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1967.38.6.610"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_014_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac14Aa","unstructured":"Muhlemann HR, Son S. Gingival bleeding \u2013 a leading symptom in initial gingivits. Helv Odontol Acta 1971;15:107\u201313."},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_015_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pihlstr\u00f6m BL. Measurement of attachment levels in clinical trials: probing methods. J Periodontol 1992;63:1072\u20137.10.1902\/jop.1992.63.12s.10721479528","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.12s.1072"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_016_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac16Aa","unstructured":"Tonetti MS. The topical use of antibiotics in periodontal pockets. In: Lang NP, Karring T, Lindhe J, editors. Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on Periodontology \u2013 chemicals in periodontics. Thurgau, Switzerland: Charterhouse ET Ittingen, 1996:78\u2013109."},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_017_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac17Aa","unstructured":"Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Indian pharmacopoeia. Vol II. Delhi: The Controller of Publications, 1996."},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_018_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac18Aa","unstructured":"Hermes RS, Narayani R. Polymeric alginate films and alginate beads for the controlled delivery of macromolecules. Trends Biomater Artif Organs 2002;15:54\u20136."},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_019_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta H, Singh RM, Singh GM, Kaushik D, Sharma A. pH-induced in situ gel for periodontal anesthesia. Indian J Pharm Sci 2008;70:776\u20138.10.4103\/0250-474X.49120304087221369439","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.49120"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_020_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pihlstr\u00f6m BL. Overview of periodontal clinical trials utilizing anti-infective or host modulating agents. Ann Periodontol 1997;2:153\u201365.10.1902\/annals.1997.2.1.1539151551","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1997.2.1.153"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_021_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lynch SE. Methods for evaluation of regenerative procedures. J Periodontol 1992;63:1085\u201392.10.1902\/jop.1992.63.12s.10851479530","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.12s.1085"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_022_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaw L, Murray IJ. Diagnostic reproducibility of periodontal indices. J Periodont Res 1977;2:141\u20137.10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00117.x140226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00117.x"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_023_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitzgerald GM. Dental radiography. IV. The voltage factor (kp). J Am Dent Assoc 1950;41:19\u201328.10.14219\/jada.archive.1950.0137","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1950.0137"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_024_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zybutz M, Rapoport D, Laurell L, Persson GR. Comparison of clinical and radiographic measurements of interproximal vertical defects before and 1 year after surgical treatments. J Clin Periodontol 2000;27:179\u201386.10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2000.027003179.x10743864","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2000.027003179.x"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_025_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mengel R, Candir M, Shiratori K, Flores-de-Jacoby L. Digital volume tomography in the diagnosis of periodontal defects: an in vitro study on native pig and human mandibles. J Periodontol 2005;76:665\u201373.10.1902\/jop.2005.76.5.66515898924","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.5.665"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_026_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pradeep AR, Priyanka N, Kalra N, Naik SB, Singh SP, Martande S. Clinical efficacy of subgingivally delivered 1.2-mg simvastatin in the treatment of individuals with class II furcation defects: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2012;83:1472\u20139.10.1902\/jop.2012.11071622348696","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110716"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_027_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac27Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao NS, Pradeep AR, Bajaj P, Kumari M, Naik SB. Simvastatin local drug delivery in smokers with chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Aust Dent J 2013;58:156\u201362.10.1111\/adj.1204223713634","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12042"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_028_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac28Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masada MP, Persson R, Kenney JS, Lee SW, Page RC, Allison AC. Measurement of interleukin-1\u03b1 and -1\u03b2 in gingival crevicular fluid: implications for the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodontol Res 1990;25:156\u201363.10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1990.tb01038.x2141875","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1990.tb01038.x"},{"key":"2025121207015281956_j_dmpt-2015-0024_ref_029_w2aab2b8c29b1b7b1ab2ac29Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Shammari KF, Giannobile WV, Aldredge WA, Iacono VJ, Eber RM, Wang HL, et al. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on c-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links (ICTP) and interleukin-1 levels. J Periodontol 2001;72:1045\u201351.10.1902\/jop.2001.72.8.104511525436","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.8.1045"}],"container-title":["Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dmpt-2015-0024\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dmpt-2015-0024\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T07:35:30Z","timestamp":1765524930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dmpt-2015-0024\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/dmpt-2015-0024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dmpt-2015-0024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2363-8915","2363-8907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2363-8915","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2363-8907","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]]}}}