{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:33:06Z","timestamp":1767184386680,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Out of many disease conditions suffered by mankind since ancient ages, Migraine holds a significant position. It is derived from the word \u201chemi-crania\u201d and is a type of primary headache. This disease is mentioned in the ancient scriptures dating back to the Mesopotamian era. It has been documented by Hippocrates (460\u2013377 BC) in his treatise, further explored and explained on the basis of cause and location by Galen (131\u2013201 AD). Later its etiopathogenesis clinical features and management was described by\n                    <jats:italic>Al<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic>Razi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (850\u2013923 AD), an eminent Unani physician. Migraine is a disease majorly affecting one side of the head and characterized by recurrent attacks of pulsating headache, mostly associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia, with or without an aura. It is triggered by noise and light, based on the brightness, intensity, wavelengths or type of light that is being emitted. According to Unani physicians, the word\n                    <jats:italic>Shaqeeqa<\/jats:italic>\n                    is derived from Arabic word\n                    <jats:italic>\u2018Shiq\u2019,<\/jats:italic>\n                    meaning \u2018a part\u2019 or \u2018a side\u2019, hence the name\n                    <jats:italic>Shaqeeqa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . They describe it as a type of headache (\n                    <jats:italic>Suda)<\/jats:italic>\n                    in which pain occurs only in one side of head, and the causative factors for it are the morbid matters and morbid vapours\n                    <jats:italic>(Bukharat e Radiya)<\/jats:italic>\n                    arising from morbid humours which are either excessive in amount, too hot or too cold. It often results due to abnormal substantial temperament\n                    <jats:italic>(Su-e-Mizaj Maddi)<\/jats:italic>\n                    giving two variants acute (\n                    <jats:italic>Shaqeeqa haar)<\/jats:italic>\n                    and chronic (\n                    <jats:italic>Shaqeeqa barid)<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The treatment mainly consists of elimination of morbid matter which is accumulated in the body, and strengthening the brain using brain tonics (\n                    <jats:italic>Muqawwiyat-e-Dimagh<\/jats:italic>\n                    ).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/dmpt-2021-0146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T12:05:53Z","timestamp":1649246753000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Migraine (\n                    <i>Shaqeeqa<\/i>\n                    ) and its management in Unani medicine"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1028-5831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd.","family":"Riyazuddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Moalajat (Medicine) , National Institute of Unani Medicine (under ministry of AYUSH) , Bangalore , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arisha","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Moalajat (Medicine) , National Institute of Unani Medicine (under ministry of AYUSH) , Bangalore , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renuka Bangalore","family":"Nagaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology , National Institute of Unani Medicine (under ministry of AYUSH) , Bangalore , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3548-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Anzar","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Moalajat (Medicine) , National Institute of Unani Medicine (under ministry of AYUSH) , Bangalore , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121207231301607_j_dmpt-2021-0146_ref_001","unstructured":"Tabri, ABM. 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