{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T08:10:11Z","timestamp":1765527011477,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2024-0005_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Vernonia amygdalina<\/jats:italic>\n                      Del. is a perennial tropical shrub from Asteraceae. The fresh leaf of\n                      <jats:italic>V.\u00a0amygdalina<\/jats:italic>\n                      is consumed as a vegetable due to its medicinal and nutritional properties. The present study focused on the quantification of bioactive compounds, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, and 1,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid from aqueous leaf extract of\n                      <jats:italic>V.\u00a0amygdalina.<\/jats:italic>\n                      The study also aims to investigate the effects of the aqueous leaf extract of\n                      <jats:italic>V.\u00a0amygdalina<\/jats:italic>\n                      on cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in hepatic cells of control and diabetic rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2024-0005_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The quantification of the bioactive compounds was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography multiple reactions monitoring tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS\/MS-MRM) technique. The effect of the extract on CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 activities was determined using a fluorometric screening kit according to the manufacturer\u2019s instructions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2024-0005_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The three bioactive compounds were detected and quantified in the aqueous leaf extract. Results showed that the content of luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (47\u202f\u03bcg\/mg) was the highest followed by luteolin-7-O-glucoside (3.5\u202f\u03bcg\/mg) and 1,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1.07\u202f\u03bcg\/mg). The extract showed an inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 enzyme activities in control and diabetic rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2024-0005_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The UHPLC-MS\/MS-MRM method is sensitive and reliable for the quality control of\n                      <jats:italic>V.\u00a0amygdalina<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaf extract. The inhibitory effect of the extract suggests that concomitant use of\n                      <jats:italic>V.\u00a0amygdalina<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaf preparations with conventional drugs metabolized and eliminated from the body by CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 enzymes may lead to possible interaction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/dmpt-2024-0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T23:10:59Z","timestamp":1733872259000},"page":"231-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["UHPLC-MS\/MS standardized extract of\n                    <i>Vernonia amygdalina<\/i>\n                    leaf inhibits CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 activities in hepatic cells of control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Bassel Al.","family":"Sabbagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijayaraj Kumar","family":"Palanirajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yik-Ling","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Han","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University , Kuala Langat , Selangor , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5415-5516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Akyirem","family":"Akowuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"%2065210 School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia , Jalan Lagoon Selatan , Subang Jaya , Selangor , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121207151803823_j_dmpt-2024-0005_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kadiri, O, Olawoye, B. 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