{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:03:19Z","timestamp":1790352199891,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2024-0031_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore pain outcomes in patients prescribed hydrocodone and psychotropic medications with or without CYP2D6 inhibition activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2024-0031_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients hospitalized for lower\/limited upper extremity injuries who were prescribed hydrocodone alongside a psychotropic medication were considered for this study (n=224). A subset of these patients (n=178) was prescribed a psychotropic medication known to inhibit CYP2D6, while the remainder (n=46) were prescribed psychotropic medications without CYP2D6 inhibition activity. Patient demographics and pain outcomes were collected by electronic health record review and interviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2024-0031_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients taking a psychotropic inhibitor of CYP2D6 exhibited longer duration of opioid use post-discharge (median 33\u00a0days [IQR 10\u201399]) compared with patients taking a psychotropic non-inhibitor (4\u00a0days [2\u201320], p&lt;0.001). No significant differences were observed with in-hospital pain outcomes, including total dose of hydrocodone administered, duration of hydrocodone use, pain index scores, and the occurrence of common mild\/moderate\/severe hydrocodone side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2024-0031_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients prescribed at least one psychotropic inhibitor of CYP2D6 were more likely to continue using hydrocodone for up to 3\u00a0months following surgery. Knowledge of these critical drug-drug interactions could enhance clinical practice and improve patient outcomes. This study highlights negative post-operative pain outcomes in patients prescribed hydrocodone alongside a psychotropic inhibitor of CYP2D6. The results of this study indicate that patients taking psychotropic medications that inhibit CYP2D6 are at increased risk for prolonged hydrocodone use following orthopedic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/dmpt-2024-0031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T23:50:29Z","timestamp":1734306629000},"page":"13-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prolonged post-operative hydrocodone usage due to psychotropic drug interaction"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Aaron G.","family":"Whitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , 5170 University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viana F.","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , 5170 University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy T.","family":"Gaskins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Medicine , 5170 University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruby E.","family":"Renfrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , 5170 University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbey R.","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology and Neuropsychology , Frazier Rehab Institute , Louisville , KY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur L.","family":"Malkani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine , 5170 University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandi","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine , 5170 University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhusudhan R.","family":"Yakkanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisville Orthopaedic Clinic , Louisville , KY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed A.","family":"Jortani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , 5170 University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092515335149742_j_dmpt-2024-0031_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuentes, AV, Pineda, MD, Venkata, KCN. 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