{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:27:15Z","timestamp":1777912035564,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2025-0079_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chronic migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disorder affecting 1\u20133\u202f% of the global population. Ancient Unani physicians have described herbal liniment (\n                      <jats:italic>\u2018\u1e6cil\u0101<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) as a treatment modality for chronic migraine. This study aimed to evaluate its efficacy in managing the condition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2025-0079_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 36 patients with chronic migraine. Participants were divided into two groups: the test group (n=24), which received herbal liniment applied locally once daily for 15\u00a0days, and the control group (n=12), which underwent transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for 30\u202fmin daily, 5\u00a0days a week, over 2\u00a0weeks. Outcomes were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), headache frequency, and the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) on days 15, 30, 60, and\u00a090.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2025-0079_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both groups showed significant improvement within the groups in headache frequency (p&lt;0.0001). The test group demonstrated greater effectiveness, with larger reductions in headache frequency (mean difference 39.63; p&lt;0.0001), VAS (mean difference 3.96; p&lt;0.001), and MIDAS (mean difference 2.25; p=0.003).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2025-0079_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Herbal liniment effectively reduced migraine frequency, intensity, and disability. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings and assess long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/dmpt-2025-0079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T18:24:54Z","timestamp":1770056694000},"page":"21-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of herbal liniment (\n                    <i>\u2032\u1e6cil\u0101<\/i>\n                    ) in the management of pain and disability of chronic migraine: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Suresh Kumar","family":"Saral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ilaj-bit-Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy) , 80379 National Institute of Unani Medicine , Bengaluru , Karnataka , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul Nasir","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ilaj-bit-Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy) , 80379 National Institute of Unani Medicine , Bengaluru , Karnataka , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Nayab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ilaj-bit-Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy) , 80379 National Institute of Unani Medicine , Bengaluru , Karnataka , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid Rahim","family":"Wani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ilaj-bit-Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy) , Kashmir Tibbia College, Hospital and Research Centre, Taleem Abad Shilvath , Bandipora , Jammu and Kashmir , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026050115412485688_j_dmpt-2025-0079_ref_001","unstructured":"Munjal, YP, Sharm, SK. 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