{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:53:18Z","timestamp":1791280398705,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2026-0008_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted to assess the current state of issues related to AR to anaesthetics used in surgical procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2026-0008_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Contents<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature review of scientific publications in allergology and anaesthesiology was performed, evaluating the allergenic profile of modern anaesthetics and analysing approaches to preventing AR during surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2026-0008_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Currently, the most commonly used local anaesthetics are amides, including lidocaine, bupivacaine, articaine, mepivacaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine. These are considered safer in terms of allergenicity compared to their ester-based predecessors\u00a0\u2013\u00a0novocaine, benzocaine, and tetracaine\u00a0\u2013\u00a0as their metabolites rarely act as allergens. Among general anaesthetics, intravenous agents such as propofol, midazolam, etomidate, and ketamine, as well as inhalational agents including sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, and xenon, are widely used. These are generally safer than their predecessor, thiopental, with xenon currently exhibiting the highest safety profile due to its inert chemical properties. Muscle relaxants have the highest allergenic potential, as their mechanism of action\u00a0\u2013\u00a0blocking acetylcholine receptors\u00a0\u2013\u00a0can lead to cell damage and the release of immune-stimulating substances. The only representative of depolarising muscle relaxants is succinylcholine, while non-depolarising agents include atracurium, cisatracurium, vecuronium, rocuronium, pancuronium, and mivacurium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dmpt-2026-0008_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Outlook<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preventive measures to reduce the risk of AR include: a detailed patient history and diagnostic testing using skin tests, provocation tests, and\/or blood tests for immunoglobulin E (IgE); replacement of the allergenic drug with a safer alternative if an allergy is confirmed; close monitoring for allergic manifestations during surgery, with professional preparedness for resuscitation in cases of anaphylaxis; postoperative patient monitoring to detect potential delayed AR; documentation of all AR for future reference. The findings of this study may be applied in clinical practice to mitigate the risks of AR associated with anaesthetic use during surgical interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/dmpt-2026-0008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:54:41Z","timestamp":1780437281000},"page":"125-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Allergic reactions to anaesthetics in surgery: current challenges and perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9028-952X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Zofia Lisiecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Individual Specialist Medical Practice , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Luczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Pulmonology, Internal Medicine, Thoracic Oncology and Transplantology , National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards, ML, Jackson, AD. The historical development of obstetric anesthesia and its contributions to perinatology. Am J Perinatol 2017;7:211\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0036-1585409.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1585409"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosciuczuk, U, Knapp, P. What do we know about perioperative hypersensitivity reactions and what can we due to improve perioperative safety? Ann Med 2021;53:1772\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890.2021.1976818.","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1976818"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tacquard, C, Serrier, J, Viville, S, Chiriac, AM, Franchina, S, Gouel-Cheron, A, et al.. Epidemiology of perioperative anaphylaxis in France in 2017-2018: the 11th GERAP survey. Br J Anaesth 2024;132:1230\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2024.01.044.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.01.044"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalangara, J, Vanijcharoenkarn, K, Lynde, GC, McIntosh, N, Kuruvilla, M. Approach to perioperative anaphylaxis in 2020: updates in diagnosis and management. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021;21:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11882-020-00980-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-020-00980-y"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takazawa, T, Horiuchi, T, Nagumo, K, Sugiyama, Y, Akune, T, Amano, Y, et al.. The Japanese epidemiologic study for perioperative anaphylaxis, a prospective nationwide study: allergen exposure, epidemiology, and diagnosis of anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2023;131:159\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2023.02.018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.02.018"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, L, Chen, C, Chen, Q, Jiang, Y, Chen, Y, Xie, Y. Epidemiology and triggers of severe perioperative anaphylaxis: an 8-year single-center study. J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024;38:2287\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2024.06.023.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2024.06.023"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norawat, R, Vohra, A, Parkes, A, O\u2019Keeffe, NJ, Anipindi, S, Maybauer, MO. Incidence and outcome of anaphylaxis in cardiac surgical patients. Ann Card Anaesth 2022;25:323\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aca.aca_170_21.","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_170_21"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eley, VA, Culwick, MD, Dennis, AT. Analysis of anaesthesia incidents during caesarean section reported to webAIRS between 2009 and 2022. Anaesth Intensive Care 2023;51:391\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0310057x231196915.","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X231196915"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carra, S, Schatz, M, Mertes, PM, Torres, MJ, Fuchs, F, Senna, G, et al.. Anaphylaxis and pregnancy: a systematic review and call for public health actions. J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021;9:4270\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.07.046.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.07.046"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinnock, TM, Volcheck, GW, Smith, MM, Murray, AW, Renew, JR, Smith, BB. Perioperative anaphylactic reactions to central venous and pulmonary artery catheters containing chlorhexidine, sulfadiazine, or latex: a historical cohort study. Can J Anaesth 2023;70:824\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-023-02403-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-023-02403-8"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fosnot, S, Currier, K, Pendell, J, Jeffres, MN. Comparison of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to preoperative antibiotics in patients labeled as penicillin allergic. Surgery 2021;170:777\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2021.02.063.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2021.02.063"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_012","unstructured":"Haliyash, NB. The importance of infection control implementation in medical institutions of therapeutic and surgical profiles: ukrainian and world experience. Bull Med Bio Res 2021;3:87\u201395."},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez, SL, Reza, PC, del R\u00edo Fern\u00e1ndez, S. Centenary of epidural anaesthesia. Span J Anaesthesiol Resuscit 2022;69:4\u201311.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redare.2021.03.007"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, CH, Burnett, GW. Pharmacology of local anesthetics. In: Kaye, AD, Urman, RD, editors. Cambridge Handbook of Anesthesiology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2023:106\u201318 pp.","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108936941.008"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahar, E, Yoon, H. Lidocaine: a local anesthetic, its adverse effects and management. Medicina 2021;57:782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57080782.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57080782"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muntian, L. Virtual and augmented reality in healthcare management mechanisms for maintaining public health: literature overview. Ukr J Med Bio Sport 2025;10:36\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.63341\/ujmbs\/3.2025.36.","DOI":"10.63341\/ujmbs\/3.2025.36"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adekenov, SM, Gafurov, NM, Turmukhambetov, AZ. Chemical modification of estafiatin. Chem Nat Compd 1991;27:571\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00630357.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00630357"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latka, K, Kolodziej, W, Pawus, D, Bielecki, M, Latka, D. Performance of successful ambulatory cervical spine surgery: safety, efficacy, and early experiences of first 100 cases in Poland. Br J Neurosurg 2024;39:807\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02688697.2024.2378825.","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2024.2378825"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leshchyshyn, IM, Markulan, LY, Okhotska, OI, Susak, YM, Byk, PL. Quality of life in patients with chronic slow-transit constipation according to the PAC-QOL scale one year after surgical treatment: comparison with preoperative data and reference values. Wiad Lek Wars Pol 1960. 2025;78:726\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36740\/wlek\/203846.","DOI":"10.36740\/WLek\/203846"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourn, T, Serpa, SM. Bupivacaine\/meloxicam ER: a new dual-acting extended-release local anesthetic for opioid-sparing postoperative pain management. Ann Pharmacother 2023;57:71\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10600280221086639.","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280221086639"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shetty, SS, Jayaraj, R, Riahi, SM, Parthipady, K. Articaine efficacy. J\u00a0Am Dent Assoc 2021;152:341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.03.017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.03.017"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddiqi, A, Mahmoud, Y, Secic, M, Tozzi, JM, Emara, A, Piuzzi, NS, et al.. Mepivacaine versus bupivacaine spinal anesthesia for primary total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J\u00a0Arthroplast 2022;37:1396\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2022.03.031.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.03.031"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lekoudi, E, Kontargiris, E, Karagounis, IV, Simos, YV, Deligiannis, IK, Vadalouka, A, et al.. Differential effects of two local anaesthetics on viability of skin keratinocytes in\u00a0vitro. Eur J Dermatol 2018;28:409\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1684\/ejd.2018.3275.","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2018.3275"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heppolette, CA, Brunnen, D, Bampoe, S, Odor, PM. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levobupivacaine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020;59:715\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40262-020-00868-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-020-00868-0"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adekenov, SM, Gafurov, NM, Turdybekov, KM, Lindeman, SV, YuT, S. Transannular cyclization of the E,E-Germacradienolide hanphyllin. Chem Nat Compd 1992;28:444\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00630647.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00630647"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasto, LA, Jannelli, E, Cipolloni, V, Piccone, L, Cattolico, A, Santagada, A, et al.. Three generations of treatments for osteoporotic vertebral fractures: what is the evidence? Orthop Rev 2022;14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52965\/001c.38609.","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.38609"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghaly, SI, Zaki, GFS, Eldin, MMKS, El Emary, YIMM. Post-induction hypotension following entropy guided equipotent doses of propofol and thiopental in elderly surgical patients. Anaesth Pain Intensive Care 2024;28:824\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35975\/apic.v28i5.2551.","DOI":"10.35975\/apic.v28i5.2551"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tacquard, C, Iba, T, Levy, JH. Perioperative anaphylaxis. Anesthesiology 2023;138:100\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aln.0000000000004419.","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004419"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotani, Y, Pruna, A, Turi, S, Borghi, G, Lee, TC, Zangrillo, A, et al.. Propofol and survival: an updated meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit Care 2023;27:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-023-04431-8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04431-8"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomsen, MS, Melchiors, BB, Garvey, LH, Jessen, C. Perioperative anaphylactic shock caused by propofol. Ugeskr Laeger 2024;186:11230746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61409\/v11230746.","DOI":"10.61409\/V11230746"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia, R, Salluh, JI, Andrade, TR, Farah, D, da Silva, PS, Bastos, DF, et al.. A systematic review and meta-analysis of propofol versus midazolam sedation in adult intensive care (ICU) patients. J\u00a0Crit Care 2021;64:91\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2021.04.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2021.04.001"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grella, E, Molle, M, Nardone, L, Crisci, E, Coppola, V, Pieretti, G, et al.. Assessing interpectoral nerve block for postoperative pain management in reduction mammaplasty surgery: a case-control study. Plastic Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2024;12:e6394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/gox.0000000000006394.","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000006394"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shevchenko, O, Holovkova, T, Onul, N, Kramaryova, Y, Shtepa, O, Shchudro, S. Preventive medicine as a component of objective structured clinical examination. Ukr J Med Bio Sports 2023;8:258\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26693\/jmbs08.01.258.","DOI":"10.26693\/jmbs08.01.258"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valk, BI, Struys, MM. Etomidate and its analogs: a review of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021;60:1253\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40262-021-01038-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-021-01038-6"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaptur, A, Dziedzi\u0144ski, D, \u0141o\u015b, D, Nowak, A, Janus, A, Kwa\u015bniewska, O. Clinical applications of ketamine: a literature review. Qual Sport 2024;18:53759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12775\/qs.2024.18.53759.","DOI":"10.12775\/QS.2024.18.53759"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piwowarczyk, P, Rypulak, E, Sysiak-S\u0142awecka, J, Nieoczym, D, Soca\u0142a, K, Wla\u017a, A, et al.. Propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia in early childhood do not influence seizure threshold in adult rats. Int J Environ Res Publ Health 2021;18:12367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph182312367.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312367"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado-Junior, PA, de Souza, ABF, de Freitas Castro, T, Perucci, LO, Talvani, A, Canguss\u00fa, SD, et al.. The deleterious impact of exposure to different inhaled anesthetics is time dependent. Life Sci 2022;309:121004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121004"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tramontin, C, Affronti, A, Cirio, EM. Diagnostic and surgical management of HeartMate 3 outflow graft obstruction due to two different mechanisms. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2022;30:826\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02184923221106765.","DOI":"10.1177\/02184923221106765"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_039","unstructured":"Mihalkova, B, Bakalivanov, L, Atanassova, M. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in cardiac surgery. Int J Sci Res IJSR 2020;9:1866\u201372."},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ratajczyk, P, Dominikowski, B, Czylkowska, A, Rogalewicz, B, Kulak, C, Gaszynski, T. Intelligent generating controller a desflurane concentration value which helps to decrease blood pressure. Med Devices (Auckl) 2024;17:401\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/mder.s483837.","DOI":"10.2147\/MDER.S483837"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGuigan, S, Marie, DJ, O\u2019Bryan, LJ, Flores, FJ, Evered, L, Silbert, B, et al.. The cellular mechanisms associated with the anesthetic and neuroprotective properties of xenon: a systematic review of the preclinical literature. Front Neurosci 2023;17:1225191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1225191.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1225191"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattison, R, Midkiff, S, Reinert, JP, Veronin, MA. Muscle relaxants as adjunctive analgesics in the perioperative setting: a review of the literature. J\u00a0Perioperat Pract 2023;33:62\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17504589211015627.","DOI":"10.1177\/17504589211015627"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Carvalho, CC, da Silva, DM, de Athayde Regueira, SLPA, Souza Abs, D, Rego, CO, Ramos, IB, et al.. Comparison between rocuronium and succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J\u00a0Clin Anesth 2021;72:110265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110265.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110265"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruhn, I, Bauer, A, Beissert, S, Neumeister, V, Spornraft-Ragaller, P. Intraoperative anaphylaxis to atracurium. J\u00a0Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021;19:1784\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddg.14632.","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14632_g"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghimire, A, Olbrecht, VA, Tobias, JD. Role of sugammadex in the treatment of anaphylaxis due to rocuronium in children: extrapolation from adult and animal reports. Paediatr Anaesth 2022;32:706\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.14424.","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14424"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, S. Erroneous neuraxial administration of neuromuscular blocking drugs: clinical and human factors analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2020;37:857\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/eja.0000000000001232.","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001232"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y, Xi, C, Yue, J, Zhao, M, Wang, G. Comparison of 3 rates for the continuous infusion of mivacurium during ambulatory vitreoretinal surgery under general anesthesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Drug Des Dev Ther 2023;16:3133\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/dddt.s370978.","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S370978"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mertes, PM, Volcheck, GW, Garvey, LH, Takazawa, T, Platt, PR, Guttormsen, AB, et al.. Epidemiology of perioperative anaphylaxis. Presse Med 2016;45:758\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lpm.2016.02.024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2016.02.024"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, W. Allergy in perioperative setting. Allergy Med 2024;2:100009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.allmed.2024.100009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.allmed.2024.100009"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melchiors, BLB, Garvey, LH. Investigation of perioperative hypersensitivity reactions: an update. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2020;20:338\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aci.0000000000000654.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000654"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patil, SS, Sun, L, Fox, CJ, Anthony, KE, Anzalone, FA, Fisher, PM, et al.. Multiple drug allergies: recommendations for perioperative management. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2020;34:325\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.05.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.05.004"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gargano, F, Scavone, C, di Mauro, G, Corte, AD, Zoccoli, A, Rossi, F, et al.. The safety profile of general and local anaesthetic agents: data collected during 20\u00a0years of spontaneous reporting activities in the Campania region (Southern Italy). Pharmaceuticals 2021;14:1261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph14121261.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14121261"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogulur, I, Pat, Y, Ardicli, O, Barletta, E, Cevhertas, L, Fernandez-Santamaria, R, et al.. Advances and highlights in biomarkers of allergic diseases. Allergy 2021;76:3659\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.15089.","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15089"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton, RG, Hemmer, W, Nopp, A, Kleine-Tebbe, J. Advances in IgE testing for diagnosis of allergic disease. J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020;8:2495\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.07.021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.07.021"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takazawa, T, Yamaura, K, Hara, T, Yorozu, T, Mitsuhata, H, Morimatsu, H, et al.. Practical guidelines for the response to perioperative anaphylaxis. J\u00a0Anesth 2021;5:778\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00540-021-03005-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-021-03005-8"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141\u0105tka, K, Ko\u0142odziej, W, Pawu\u015b, D, Walig\u00f3ra, M, Trompeta, J, Klepinowski, T, et al.. Extremely rare complications in uniportal spinal endoscopy: a systematic review with unique case analyses. J\u00a0Clin Med 2024;13:1765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13061765.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13061765"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meloni, P, Izzo, S, De Intinis, C, Simari, T, Motzo, M, Picazzo, R, et al.. Rare complication post-conization for cervical dysplasia: rectovaginal fistula. Clin Pract 2023;13:1025\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/clinpract13050091.","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract13050091"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cattolico, A, Sergio, F, Boemio, A, Catani, O, Noviello, M, De Girolamo, CI, et al.. Preliminary anatomical and surgical assessment of combined percutaneous resection and proximal medial gastrocnemius release vs historical controls in treating haglund syndrome: a mixed prospective-retrospective study. Foot Ankle Orthopaed 2025;10:24730114251372601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/24730114251372601.","DOI":"10.1177\/24730114251372601"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_059","unstructured":"Statista. Projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of general anesthesias from 2015 to 2025 [Internet] 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/537474\/cagr-outlook-of-general-anesthesias-by-drug-type\/."},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, YS, Wu, SH, Chen, WC, Pei, MQ, Liu, YB, Liu, CY, et al.. Effects of xenon anesthesia on postoperative neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 2023;23:366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-023-02316-5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-023-02316-5"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nair, AS, Christopher, A, Pulipaka, SK, Suvvari, P, Kodisharapu, PK, Rayani, BK. Efficacy of xenon anesthesia in preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac and major non-cardiac surgeries in elderly patients: a topical review. Med Gas Res 2021;11:110\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2045-9912.314330.","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-9912.314330"},{"key":"2026100609023865530_j_dmpt-2026-0008_ref_062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGuigan, S, Scott, DA, Evered, L, Silbert, B, Liley, DT. Performance of the bispectral index and electroencephalograph derived parameters of anesthetic depth during emergence from xenon and sevoflurane anesthesia. J\u00a0Clin Monit Comput 2023;37:71\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10877-022-00860-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-022-00860-y"}],"container-title":["Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dmpt-2026-0008\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dmpt-2026-0008\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:15:07Z","timestamp":1791278107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dmpt-2026-0008\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/dmpt-2026-0008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dmpt-2026-0008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2363-8915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2363-8915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]}}}