{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T07:40:47Z","timestamp":1765525247450,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444176000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria is common in children. No systematic review providing an evidence based approach for the differential diagnosis of these children has been performed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Contents:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Multiple data bases were search. The PRISMA criteria were followed. Data regarding the etiology of the hematuria were extracted using a standardized extraction tool. Seven studies encompassing 1092 children (857 with isolated microscopic hematuria and 235 with combined microscopic hematuria and proteinuria), comprise this review. A total 42.4% of isolated microscopic and 81.3% of microscopic hematuria and proteinuria subjects had identified etiologies. Thin basement membrane nephritis (15.2%), IgA nephropathy (10.4%), and hypercalciuria without nephrolithiasis (7.7%), were the most common etiologies among children with isolated microscopic hematuria. IgA nephropathy (44.3%), thin basement membrane disease (12.8%), and mesangial proliferative glomerulosclerosis (8.9%) were the most common etiologies among children with combined microscopic hematuria and proteinuria.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The present study provides an evidenced based resource, based on a systematic review, for the differential diagnosis of asymptomatic hematuria in children. Additionally, these observations suggest that children with isolated microscopic hematuria should be followed for persistence of hematuria or the development of proteinuria. Children with combined microscopic hematuria and proteinuria should be comprehensively evaluated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2015-0020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T16:13:41Z","timestamp":1444234421000},"page":"211-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Etiologies of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in children \u2013 systematic review of 1092 subjects"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Christopher\u2019s Hospital for Children \u2013 Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Aronoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University School of Medicine \u2013 Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Del Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University School of Medicine \u2013 Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121207015980662_j_dx-2015-0020_ref_001_w2aab3b8b3b1b7b1ab2b2b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dodge WF, West EF, Smith EH, Bunce H. Proteinuria and hematuria in schoolchildren: Epidemiology and early natural history. J Pediatr 1976;88:327\u201347.10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)81012-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)81012-8"},{"key":"2025121207015980662_j_dx-2015-0020_ref_002_w2aab3b8b3b1b7b1ab2b2b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vehaskari VM, Rapola J, Koskimies O, Savilahti E, Vilska J, Hallman N. Microscopic hematuria in schoolchildren: Epidemiology and clinicopathologic evaluation. J Pediatr 1979;95:676\u201384.10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80710-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80710-6"},{"key":"2025121207015980662_j_dx-2015-0020_ref_003_w2aab3b8b3b1b7b1ab2b2b3Aa","unstructured":"Patil PM, Hipparagi SB, Sinha KS, Sorangavi VM. Asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria in school going children. Age 2013;6:8."},{"key":"2025121207015980662_j_dx-2015-0020_ref_004_w2aab3b8b3b1b7b1ab2b2b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee Y, Baek S, Hong Kim J, Soo Kim D, Seung Lee J, Kim P. Analysis of renal biopsies performed in children with abnormal findings in urinary mass screening. Acta Paediatrica 2006;95:849\u201353.10.1080\/0803525060065200516801183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02352.x"},{"key":"2025121207015980662_j_dx-2015-0020_ref_005_w2aab3b8b3b1b7b1ab2b2b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 2009;151:W-65\u2013W-94.10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-0013619622512","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136"},{"key":"2025121207015980662_j_dx-2015-0020_ref_006_w2aab3b8b3b1b7b1ab2b2b6Aa","unstructured":"Moghtaderi M, Noohi A, Safaeyan B, Abbasi A, Sabsechian M, Meherkash M. Screening for microscopic hematuria in school-age children of the gorgan city. Iran J Kidney Dis 2014;8:70\u20132."},{"key":"2025121207015980662_j_dx-2015-0020_ref_007_w2aab3b8b3b1b7b1ab2b2b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergstein J, Leiser J, Andreoli S. The clinical significance of asymptomatic gross and microscopic hematuria in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005;159:353\u20135.10.1001\/archpedi.159.4.35315809388","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.4.353"},{"key":"2025121207015980662_j_dx-2015-0020_ref_008_w2aab3b8b3b1b7b1ab2b2b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piqueras AI, White RH, Raafat F, Moghal N, Milford DV. Renal biopsy diagnosis in children presenting with haematuria. Pediatr Nephrol 1998;12:386\u201391.10.1007\/s0046700504719686957","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050471"},{"key":"2025121207015980662_j_dx-2015-0020_ref_009_w2aab3b8b3b1b7b1ab2b2b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hisano S, Ueda K. Asymptomatic haematuria and proteinuria: renal pathology and clinical outcome in 54 children. Pediatr Nephrol 1989;3:229\u201334.10.1007\/BF008585202702098","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00858520"},{"key":"2025121207015980662_j_dx-2015-0020_ref_010_w2aab3b8b3b1b7b1ab2b2c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trachtman H, Weiss RA, Bennett B, Greifer I. Isolated hematuria in children: indications for a renal biopsy. Kidney Int 1984;25:94\u20139.10.1038\/ki.1984.136727131","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1984.13"},{"key":"2025121207015980662_j_dx-2015-0020_ref_011_w2aab3b8b3b1b7b1ab2b2c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feld LG, Meyers KE, Kaplan BS, Stapleton FB. Limited evaluation of microscopic hematuria in pediatrics. Pediatrics 1998;102:e42\u2013e42.10.1542\/peds.102.4.e429755279","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.4.e42"},{"key":"2025121207015980662_j_dx-2015-0020_ref_012_w2aab3b8b3b1b7b1ab2b2c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stark H, Tieder M, Eisenstein B, Davidovits M, Litwin A. Hypercalciuria as a cause of persistent or recurrent haematuria. Arch Dis Child 1988;63:312\u20133.10.1136\/adc.63.3.31217787913355215","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.63.3.312"}],"container-title":["Diagnosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/dx.2015.2.issue-4\/dx-2015-0020\/dx-2015-0020.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dx-2015-0020\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dx-2015-0020\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T07:35:56Z","timestamp":1765524956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dx-2015-0020\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/dx-2015-0020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dx-2015-0020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-802X","2194-8011"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2194-802X"},{"type":"print","value":"2194-8011"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]]}}}