{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:35:55Z","timestamp":1786116955578,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10130022010002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10130022010002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dx-2025-0087_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The focus on improving patient safety has mainly been by learning from errors and near misses (Safety-I). We applied a novel Safety-II approach to identify and learn from practice variations in the diagnostic process in the emergency department (ED), and subsequently design and implement practice changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dx-2025-0087_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-center study, we used action research (cycles of micro-experiments to study and improve processes with active stakeholder involvement) in the diagnostic process. We used three subsequent observation cycles of the following six steps: observations, gathering of follow-up data, analyses, a co-creation session with involved stakeholders, sharing of best practices, and updating the observation form. The observations and analyses focused on identifying practice variation in everyday practice rather than on what went right or wrong. During co-creation sessions, stakeholders discussed whether practice variations were reflective of possible improvements in the diagnostic process. Promising best practices were identified, and subsequently implemented as practice changes aiming to improve the diagnostic process. Implemented practice changes were evaluated in subsequent cycles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dx-2025-0087_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty diagnostic processes were observed. We identified practice variations that reflected the resilience and adaptability of clinicians, as well as variations revealing opportunities to improve the diagnostic process. Five identified best practices were implemented as practice changes: a template for the documentation of ED preannouncements, a document with relevant digital information resources for residents, face-to-face supervision by Internal Medicine consultants during office hours, blood sampling at triage, and adding lipase to the standard ED blood tests. These changes were well-received by stakeholders, also shown by\u00a0an adoption-rate of 67\u2013100\u202f% of observed cases after implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dx-2025-0087_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A Safety-II approach with action research and direct observations of the diagnostic process in the ED can be successfully applied to identify and learn from practice variation, and can lead to well-received practice changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2025-0087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T03:56:12Z","timestamp":1760327772000},"page":"274-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Safety-II approach to learn from practice variation in the diagnostic process in the emergency department: an action research study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rick","family":"Roos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine , Haga Teaching Hospital , The Hague , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Health Campus The Hague\/Department of Public Health and Primary Care , Leiden University Medical Center , The Hague , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3940-1699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Zwaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrthe","family":"Maranus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwan A.","family":"Meynaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care , Haga Teaching Hospital , The Hague , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa J.","family":"Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine , Haga Teaching Hospital , The Hague , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cees","family":"van Nieuwkoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine , Haga Teaching Hospital , The Hague , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Health Campus The Hague\/Department of Public Health and Primary Care , Leiden University Medical Center , The Hague , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert-Jan","family":"Kamps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intergo, Human Factors and Ergonomics , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hardeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Houston , TX , USA"},{"name":"Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten O.","family":"van Aken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine , Haga Teaching Hospital , The Hague , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Health Campus The Hague\/Department of Public Health and Primary Care , Leiden University Medical Center , The Hague , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balogh, E, Miller, B, Ball, J. Improving diagnosis in health care. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2015.","DOI":"10.17226\/21794"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graber, ML. The incidence of diagnostic error in medicine. BMJ Qual Saf 2013;22:ii21\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2012-001615.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2012-001615"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berner, ES, Graber, ML. Overconfidence as a cause of diagnostic error in medicine. Am J Med 2008;121:S2\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.01.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.01.001"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, H, Meyer, AN, Thomas, EJ. The frequency of diagnostic errors in outpatient care: estimations from three large observational studies involving US adult populations. BMJ Qual Saf 2014;23:727\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2013-002627.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2013-002627"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_005","unstructured":"Langelaan, M, Broekens, MA, de Bruijne, MC, de Groot, JF, Moesker, MJ, Porte, PJ, et al.. Monitor zorggerelateerde schade 2015\/2016: dossieronderzoek bij overleden pati\u00ebnten in Nederlandse ziekenhuizen. Utrecht, the Netherlands: NIVEL; 2017."},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_006","unstructured":"van Schoten, S, van Eikenhorst, L, Schouten, B, Baartmans, M, de Bruijne, M, de Jong, L, et al.. Monitor zorggerelateerde schade 2019: dossieronderzoek bij overleden pati\u00ebnten in Nederlandse ziekenhuizen. Utrecht, the Netherlands: NIVEL; 2022."},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwaan, L, de Bruijne, M, Wagner, C, Thijs, A, Smits, M, van der Wal, G, et al.. Patient record review of the incidence, consequences, and causes of diagnostic adverse events. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:1015\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.146.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.146"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hautz, WE, K\u00e4mmer, JE, Hautz, SC, Sauter, TC, Zwaan, L, Exadaktylos, AK, et al.. Diagnostic error increases mortality and length of hospital stay in patients presenting through the emergency room. Scand J Trauma Resuscitation Emerg Med 2019;27:54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-019-0629-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-019-0629-z"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schols, LA, Maranus, ME, Rood, PPM, Zwaan, L. Diagnostic discrepancies in the emergency department: a retrospective study. J\u00a0Patient Saf 2024;20:420\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pts.0000000000001252.","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000001252"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raffel, KE, Kantor, MA, Barish, P, Esmaili, A, Lim, H, Xue, F, et al.. Prevalence and characterisation of diagnostic error among 7-day all-cause hospital medicine readmissions: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Qual Saf 2020;29:971\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2020-010896.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2020-010896"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baartmans, MC, Hooftman, J, Zwaan, L, van Schoten, SM, Erwich, JJHM, Wagner, C. What can we learn from In-Depth analysis of human errors resulting in diagnostic errors in the emergency department: an analysis of serious adverse event reports. J\u00a0Patient Saf 2022;18:e1135\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pts.0000000000001007.","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000001007"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staal, J, Hooftman, J, Gunput, STG, Mamede, S, Frens, MA, van den Broek, WW, et al.. Effect on diagnostic accuracy of cognitive reasoning tools for the workplace setting: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Qual Saf 2022;31:899\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2022-014865.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2022-014865"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooftman, J, Dijkstra, AC, Suurmeijer, I, van der Bij, A, Paap, E, Zwaan, L. Common contributing factors of diagnostic error: a retrospective analysis of 109 serious adverse event reports from Dutch hospitals. BMJ Qual Saf 2024;33:642\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2022-015876.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2022-015876"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, H, Giardina, TD, Meyer, AN, Forjuoh, SN, Reis, MD, Thomas, EJ. Types and origins of diagnostic errors in primary care settings. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:418\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.2777.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.2777"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_015","unstructured":"Hollnagel, E, Wears, RL, Braithwaite, J. From Safety-I to Safety-II: a white paper Published simultaneously by the University of Southern Denmark. University of Florida, USA, and Macquarie University, Australia: The Resilient Health Care Net; 2015."},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwaan, L, Monteiro, S, Sherbino, J, Ilgen, J, Howey, B, Norman, G. Is bias in the eye of the beholder? A vignette study to assess recognition of cognitive biases in clinical case workups. BMJ Qual Saf 2017;26:104\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-005014.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-005014"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, H, Graber, ML, Hofer, TP. Measures to improve diagnostic safety in clinical practice. J\u00a0Patient Saf 2019;15:311\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pts.0000000000000338.","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000338"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwaan, L, Singh, H. The challenges in defining and measuring diagnostic error. Diagnosis (Berl) 2015;2:97\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dx-2014-0069.","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2014-0069"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verhagen, MJ, de Vos, MS, Sujan, M, Hamming, JF. The problem with making Safety-II work in healthcare. BMJ Qual Saf 2022;31:402\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2021-014396.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2021-014396"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper, MD. The emperor has no clothes: a critique of Safety-II. Saf Sci 2022;152:105047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssci.2020.105047.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2020.105047"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plunkett, A, Plunkett, E. Positive approaches to safety: learning from what we do well. Paediatr Aneasth 2022;32:1223\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.14509.","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14509"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casey, M, Coghlan, D, Carroll, \u00c1, Stokes, D. Towards a checklist for improving action research quality in healthcare contexts. Syst Pract Action Res 2023;36:923\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11213-023-09635-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11213-023-09635-1"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carroll, K, Iedema, R, Kerridge, R. Reshaping ICU ward round practices using video-reflexive ethnography. Qual Health Res 2008;18:380\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049732307313430.","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732307313430"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer, J. Qualitative research in health care. Using qualitative methods in health related action research. BMJ 2000;320:178\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.320.7228.178.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7228.178"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catchpole, K, Neyens, DM, Abernathy, J, Allison, D, Joseph, A, Reeves, ST. Framework for direct observation of performance and safety in healthcare. BMJ Qual Saf 2017;26:1015\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2016-006407.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2016-006407"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westbrook, JI, Raban, MZ, Walter, SR, Douglas, H. Task errors by emergency physicians are associated with interruptions, multitasking, fatigue and working memory capacity: a prospective, direct observation study. BMJ Qual Saf 2018;27:655\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2017-007333.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2017-007333"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olson, A, K\u00e4mmer, JE, Taher, A, Johnston, R, Yang, Q, Mondoux, S, et al.. The inseparability of context and clinical reasoning. J\u00a0Eval Clin Pract 2024;30:533\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jep.13969.","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.13969"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janes, G, Mills, T, Budworth, L, Johnson, J, Lawton, R. The association between health care staff engagement and patient safety outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J\u00a0Patient Saf 2021;17:207\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pts.0000000000000807.","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000807"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwaan, L, Olson, APJ. When measuring is more important than measurement: the importance of measuring diagnostic errors in health care. J\u00a0Pediatr 2021;232:14\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.12.076.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.12.076"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, JJ. What is diagnostic safety? A review of safety science paradigms and rethinking paths to improving diagnosis. Diagnosis (Berl) 2024;11:369\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dx-2024-0008.","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2024-0008"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damen, NL, de Vos, MS, Moesker, MJ, Braithwaite, J, de Lind van Wijngaarden, RAF, Kaplan, J, et al.. Preoperative anticoagulation management in everyday clinical practice: an international comparative analysis of work-as-done using the functional resonance analysis method. J\u00a0Patient Saf 2021;17:157\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pts.0000000000000515.","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000515"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schreurs, RHP, Joore, MA, Ten Cate, H, Ten Cate-Hoek, AJ. Using the functional resonance analysis method to explore how elastic compression therapy is organised and could be improved from a multistakeholder perspective. BMJ Open 2021;11:e048331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048331.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048331"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGill, A, Smith, D, McCloskey, R, Morris, P, Goudreau, A, Veitch, B. The functional resonance analysis method as a health care research methodology: a scoping review. JBI Evid Synth 2022;20:1074\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/jbies-21-00099.","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-21-00099"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pronovost, P, Needham, D, Berenholtz, S, Sinopoli, D, Chu, H, Cosgrove, S, et al.. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N\u00a0Engl J Med 2006;355:2725\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa061115.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061115"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gawande, A. The checklist manifesto: how to get things right. New York, NY: Picador; 2010.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2155-8256(15)30310-0"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Payne, R, Clarke, A, Swann, N, van Dael, J, Brenman, N, Rosen, R, et al.. Patient safety in remote primary care encounters: multimethod qualitative study combining safety I and safety II analysis. BMJ Qual Saf 2024;33:573\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2023-016674.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2023-016674"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Leo, F, Elia, V, Gnoni, MG, Tornese, F. Integrating Safety-I and Safety-II approaches in near Miss management: a critical analysis. Sustainability 2023;15:2130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su15032130.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15032130"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waterman, AD, Garbutt, J, Hazel, E, Dunagan, WC, Levinson, W, Fraser, VJ, et al.. The emotional impact of medical errors on practicing physicians in the United\u00a0States and Canada. Joint Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2007;33:467\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1553-7250-07-33050-x.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1553-7250(07)33050-X"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smaggus, A. Safety-I, Safety-II and burnout how complexity science\u00a0can\u00a0help clinician wellness. BMJ Qual Saf 2019;28:667\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2018-009147.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2018-009147"},{"key":"2026080612585076540_j_dx-2025-0087_ref_040","unstructured":"Leveson, N. Safety III: a systems approach to safety and resilience. Cambridge, MA: MIT; 2020."}],"container-title":["Diagnosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dx-2025-0087\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dx-2025-0087\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T12:59:33Z","timestamp":1786021173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dx-2025-0087\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/dx-2025-0087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dx-2025-0087","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-8011","2194-802X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-8011","type":"print"},{"value":"2194-802X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]}}}