{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:06:26Z","timestamp":1785416786320,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dx-2026-0018_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used both researcher and patient perspectives to identify high-priority research questions related to clinical reasoning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dx-2026-0018_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study integrates findings from two previously published research prioritization exercises aimed at advancing the science of diagnostic safety, focusing on questions relevant to clinical reasoning. In Study 1 (April 2019), 97 researchers submitted 177 unique research questions that could be useful \u201cto reduce patient harm in the diagnosis process\u201d. In Study 2 (November 2019), 41 patients\/caregivers\/advocates submitted 84 unique research questions on the same topic. In an in-person meeting, a subset of these participants identified 81 of these questions as high-priority (51 from Study 1; 30 from Study 2). For the current study, five investigators identified questions that focused on clinical reasoning, first independently and then by consensus. They then categorized the clinical reasoning questions into inductively identified themes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dx-2026-0018_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-nine of the 81\u00a0high-priority research questions addressed clinical reasoning and were categorized into 5 themes: understanding clinical reasoning and cognition (12 questions), decision support\/technology (6 questions), team-based decision making (5 questions), how to learn from cases\/scenarios (3 questions), and patient engagement (3 questions). Questions addressed a range of basic\/foundational science and clinical applications, and involved individuals, teams, and\/or systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_dx-2026-0018_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identification of high-priority clinical reasoning research questions can help medical educators, clinicians, researchers, and funders catalyze research and discovery of interventions to improve clinical reasoning and ultimately improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2026-0018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:56:02Z","timestamp":1785416162000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical reasoning research priorities for advancing diagnostic safety: researcher and patient perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1515","author":[{"given":"Roni","family":"Matin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7993-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley N.D.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hardeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7226-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew P.J.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics , University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis , MN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Applied Scholarship and Education Science , Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester , MN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3940-1699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Zwaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cresswell, KM, Panesar, SS, Salvilla, SA, Carson-Stevens, A, Larizgoitia, I, Donaldson, LJ, et al.. Global research priorities to better understand the burden of iatrogenic harm in primary care: an international Delphi exercise. PLoS Med 2013;10:e1001554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001554.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001554"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheraghi-Sohi, S, Holland, F, Singh, H, Danczak, A, Esmail, A, Morris, RL, et al.. Incidence, origins and avoidable harm of missed opportunities in diagnosis: longitudinal patient record review in 21 English general practices. BMJ Qual Saf 2021;30:977\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2020-012594.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2020-012594"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker, GR, Norton, PG, Flintoft, V, Blais, R, Brown, A, Cox, J, et al.. The Canadian adverse events study: the incidence of adverse events among hospital patients in Canada. Can Med Assoc J 2004;170:1678\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.1040498.","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040498"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_004","unstructured":"Diagnostic error occurs in one in seven clinical encounters [press release]. Med J Aust 2020. https:\/\/www.mja.com.au\/journal\/2020\/diagnostic-error-occurs-one-seven-clinical-encounters [Accessed 5 Nov 2024]."},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaziri, S, Fakouri, F, Mirzaei, M, Afsharian, M, Azizi, M, Arab-Zozani, M. Prevalence of medical errors in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Serv Res 2019;19:622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-019-4464-8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4464-8"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawamura, R, Harada, Y, Sugimoto, S, Nagase, Y, Katsukura, S, Shimizu, T. Incidence of diagnostic errors among unexpectedly hospitalized patients using an automated medical history-taking system with a differential diagnosis generator: retrospective observational study. JMIR Med Inform 2022;10:e35225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/35225.","DOI":"10.2196\/35225"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, H, Meyer, AND, Thomas, EJ. The frequency of diagnostic errors in outpatient care: estimations from three large observational studies involving US adult populations. BMJ Qual Saf 2014;23:727\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2013-002627.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2013-002627"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, H, Giardina, TD, Forjuoh, SN, Reis, MD, Kosmach, S, Khan, MM, et al.. Types and origins of diagnostic errors in primary care settings. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:418\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.2777.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.2777"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zegers, M, de Bruijne, MC, Wagner, C, Hoonhout, LH, Waaijman, R, Smits, M, et al.. Adverse events and potentially preventable deaths in Dutch hospitals: results of a retrospective patient record review study. Qual Saf Health Care 2009;18:297\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/qshc.2007.025924.","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2007.025924"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sevdalis, N, Jacklin, R, Arora, S, Vincent, CA, Thomson, RG. Diagnostic error in a national incident reporting system in the UK. J\u00a0Eval Clin Pract 2010;16:1276\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2009.01328.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2009.01328.x"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saber Tehrani, AS, Lee, H, Mathews, SC, Shore, A, Makary, MA, Pronovost, PJ, et al.. 25-Year summary of US malpractice claims for diagnostic errors 1986-2010: an analysis from the national practitioner data bank. BMJ Qual Saf 2013;22:672\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2012-001550.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2012-001550"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graber, ML, Franklin, N, Gordon, R. Diagnostic error in internal medicine. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1493\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.165.13.1493.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.13.1493"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer, AND, Singh, H. The path to diagnostic excellence includes feedback to calibrate how clinicians think. JAMA 2019;321:737\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2019.0113.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0113"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baartmans, MC, Hooftman, J, Zwaan, L, van Schoten, SM, Erwich, JJHM, Wagner, C. What can we learn from in-depth analysis of human errors resulting in diagnostic errors in the emergency department: an analysis of serious adverse event reports. J\u00a0Patient Saf 2022;18:e1135\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PTS.0000000000001007.","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000001007"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooftman, J, Dijkstra, AC, Suurmeijer, I, van der Bij, A, Paap, E, Zwaan, L. Common contributing factors of diagnostic error: a retrospective analysis of 109 serious adverse event reports from Dutch hospitals. BMJ Qual Saf 2023;33:642\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2022-015876.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2022-015876"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coderre, S, Mandin, H, Harasym, PH, Fick, GH. Diagnostic reasoning strategies and diagnostic success. Med Educ 2003;37:695\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2003.01577.x.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2003.01577.x"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwaan, L, Thijs, A, Wagner, C, van der, WG, Timmermans, DR. Relating faults in diagnostic reasoning with diagnostic errors and patient harm. Acad Med 2012;87:149\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31823f71e6.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31823f71e6"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nordick, CL. Integrating strategies for improving diagnostic reasoning and error reduction. J\u00a0Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2020;33:366\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JXX.0000000000000464.","DOI":"10.1097\/JXX.0000000000000464"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balogh, E, Miller, B, Ball, J. Improving diagnosis in health care. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2015.","DOI":"10.17226\/21794"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwaan, L, El-Kareh, R, Meyer, AND, Hooftman, J, Singh, H. Advancing diagnostic safety research: results of a systematic research priority setting exercise. J\u00a0Gen Intern Med 2021;36:2943\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-020-06428-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06428-3"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwaan, L, Smith, KM, Giardina, TD, Hooftman, J, Singh, H. Patient generated research priorities to improve diagnostic safety: a systematic prioritization exercise. Patient Educ Counsel 2023;110:107650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2023.107650.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2023.107650"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norman, G. Research in clinical reasoning: past history and current trends. Med Educ 2005;39:418\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2005.02127.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2005.02127.x"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordon, D, Rencic, JJ, Lang, VJ, Thomas, A, Young, M, Durning, SJ. Advancing the assessment of clinical reasoning across the health professions: definitional and methodologic recommendations. Perspect Med Educ 2022;11:108\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40037-022-00701-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/S40037-022-00701-3"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniel, M, Rencic, J, Durning, SJ, Holmboe, E, Santen, SA, Lang, V, et al.. Clinical reasoning assessment methods: a scoping review and practical guidance. Acad Med 2019;94:902\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002618.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002618"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eva, KW. What every teacher needs to know about clinical reasoning. Med Educ 2005;39:98\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2004.01972.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2004.01972.x"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Croskerry, P, Wears, RL, Binder, LS. Setting the educational agenda and curriculum for error prevention in emergency medicine. Acad Emerg Med 2000;7:1194\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2000.tb00464.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2000.tb00464.x"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olson, APJ, Graber, ML. Improving diagnosis through education. Acad Med 2020;95:1162\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/acm.0000000000003172.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000003172"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olson, A, Rencic, J, Cosby, K, Rusz, D, Papa, F, Croskerry, P, et al.. Competencies for improving diagnosis: an interprofessional framework for education and training in health care. Diagnosis (Berl) 2019;6:335\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dx-2018-0107.","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2018-0107"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook, DA, Durning, SJ, Sherbino, J, Gruppen, LD. Management reasoning: implications for health professions educators and a research agenda. Acad Med 2019;94:1310\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002768.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002768"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young, M, Thomas, A, Lubarsky, S, Ballard, T, Gordon, D, Gruppen, LD, et al.. Drawing boundaries: the difficulty in defining clinical reasoning. Acad Med 2018;93:990\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002142.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002142"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_031","unstructured":"Child health and nutrition research initiative (CHNRI) approach to research priority setting: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2024 Available from: https:\/\/methods.cochrane.org\/prioritysetting\/blog\/child-health-and-nutrition-research-initiative-chnri-approach-research-priority-setting. [Accessed 5 Nov 2024]."},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_032","unstructured":"Qualtrics XM\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Experience management software: Qualtrics; Available from: https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com\/.[Accessed 5 Nov 2024]."},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sparkman, ED, Quigley, P, McCarthy, J. Putting research into practice. Rehabil Nurs 1991;16:12\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.2048-7940.1991.tb01165.x.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2048-7940.1991.tb01165.x"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fraser, I, Lanier, D, Hellinger, F, Eisenberg, JM. Putting practice into research. Health Serv Res 2002;37:xiii-xxvi. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.00001.","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.00001"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_035","unstructured":"Health, IT. Advancing America\u2019s health care: the office of the national coordinator for health information technology. Available from: https:\/\/www.healthit.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/health-information-technology-fact-sheet.pdf [Accessed 5 Nov 2024]."},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viergever, RF, Olifson, S, Ghaffar, A, Terry, RF. A checklist for health research priority setting: nine common themes of good practice. Health Res Pol Syst 2010;8:36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1478-4505-8-36.","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4505-8-36"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook, DA, Sherbino, J, Durning, SJ. Management reasoning: beyond the diagnosis. JAMA 2018;319:2267\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.4385.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.4385"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook, DA, Stephenson, CR, Gruppen, LD, Durning, SJ. Management reasoning: empirical determination of key features and a conceptual model. Acad Med 2023;98:80\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004810.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004810"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook, DA, Durning, SJ, Stephenson, CR, Gruppen, LD, Lineberry, M. Assessment of management reasoning: design considerations drawn from analysis of simulated outpatient encounters. Med Teach 2025;47:218\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0142159X.2024.2337251.","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2024.2337251"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olson, APJ, Durning, SJ, Fernandez Branson, C, Sick, B, Lane, KP, Rencic, JJ. Teamwork in clinical reasoning\u00a0\u2013\u00a0cooperative or parallel play? Diagnosis (Berl) 2020;7:307\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dx-2020-0020.","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2020-0020"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, CY, Lai, HY, Lee, CH, Chen, MM, Yau, SY. Collaborative clinical reasoning: a scoping review. PeerJ 2024;12:e17042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.17042.","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17042"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cutrer, WB, Miller, B, Pusic, MV, Mejicano, G, Mangrulkar, RS, Gruppen, LD, et al.. Fostering the development of master adaptive learners: a conceptual model to guide skill acquisition in medical education. Acad Med 2017;92:70\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001323.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001323"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke, SO, Ilgen, JS, Regehr, G. Fostering adaptive expertise through simulation. Acad Med 2023;98:994\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000005257.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000005257"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schoenfeld, AJ, Davies, JM, Marafino, BJ, Dean, M, DeJong, C, Bardach, NS, et al.. Variation in quality of urgent health care provided during commercial virtual visits. JAMA Intern Med 2016;176:635\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.8248.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.8248"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hertzog, R, Johnson, J, Smith, J, McStay, FW, da Graca, B, Haneke, T, et al.. Diagnostic accuracy in primary care e-visits: evaluation of a large integrated health care delivery system\u2019s experience. Mayo Clin Proc 2019;94:976\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.02.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.02.011"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohta, M, Ohira, Y, Uehara, T, Keira, K, Noda, K, Hirukawa, M, et al.. How accurate are first visit diagnoses using synchronous video visits with physicians? Telemed J e Health 2017;23:119\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/tmj.2015.0245.","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2015.0245"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy, DR, Kadiyala, H, Wei, L, Singh, H. An electronic trigger to detect telemedicine-related diagnostic errors. J\u00a0Telemed Telecare 2025;31:1050\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1357633X241236570.","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X241236570"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chambers, D, Cantrell, AJ, Johnson, M, Preston, L, Baxter, SK, Booth, A, et al.. Digital and online symptom checkers and health assessment\/triage services for urgent health problems: systematic review. BMJ Open 2019;9:e027743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027743.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027743"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiedermann, CJ, Mahlknecht, A, Piccoliori, G, Engl, A. Redesigning primary care: the emergence of artificial-intelligence-driven symptom diagnostic tools. J\u00a0Pers Med 2023;13:1379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm13091379.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13091379"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goh, E, Gallo, R, Hom, J, Strong, E, Weng, Y, Kerman, H, et al.. Large language model influence on diagnostic reasoning: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024;7:e2440969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.40969.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.40969"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hautz, WE, Marcin, T, Hautz, SC, Schauber, SK, Krummrey, G, M\u00fcller, M, et al.. Diagnoses supported by a computerised diagnostic decision support system versus conventional diagnoses in emergency patients (DDX-BRO): a multicentre, multiple-period, double-blind, cluster-randomised, crossover superiority trial. Lancet Digit Health 2025;7:e136\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2589-7500(24)00250-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(24)00250-4"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulkarni, PA, Singh, H. Artificial intelligence in clinical diagnosis: opportunities, challenges, and hype. JAMA 2023;330:317\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.11440.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.11440"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwaan, L. Cognitive bias in large language models: implications for research and practice. Massachusetts Med Soc 2024:AIe2400961. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/AIe2400961.","DOI":"10.1056\/AIe2400961"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwaan, L, Rodman, A, Shimizu, T. Trust, scrutiny, or collaboration? A performance-based framework for human-AI interaction in medicine. Massachusetts Med Soc 2026:AIe2600354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/AIe2600354.","DOI":"10.1056\/AIe2600354"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sittig, DF, Singh, H. Recommendations to ensure safety of AI in real-world clinical care. JAMA 2025;333:457\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.24598.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.24598"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_056","unstructured":"James, C, Singh, K, Valley, TS, Wiens, J. Reimagining healthcare teams:leveraging the patient-clinician-AI triad to improve diagnostic safety. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2023."},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_057","unstructured":"Hollnagel, E, Wears, RL, Braithwaite, J. From safety-I to safety-II: a white paper. The resilient health care net: published simultaneously by the University of Southern Denmark. Australia: University of Florida, USA, and Macquarie University; 2015."},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, JJ. What is diagnostic safety? A review of safety science paradigms and rethinking paths to improving diagnosis. Diagnosis (Berl) 2024;11:369\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dx-2024-0008.","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2024-0008"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shimizu, T. Learning from what goes right: a safety-II framework for improving diagnosis at the point of care. Diagnosis 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dx-2025-0086.","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2025-0086"},{"key":"2026073012555800391_j_dx-2026-0018_ref_060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roos, R, Zwaan, L, Maranus, M, Meynaar, IA, Valk, VJ, Van Nieuwkoop, C, et al.. A safety-II approach to learn from practice variation in the diagnostic process in the emergency department: an action research study. Diagnosis 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dx-2025-0087.","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2025-0087"}],"container-title":["Diagnosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dx-2026-0018\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dx-2026-0018\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:56:30Z","timestamp":1785416190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dx-2026-0018\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.1515\/dx-2026-0018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dx-2026-0018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-8011","2194-802X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-8011","type":"print"},{"value":"2194-802X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]}}}