{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:29:23Z","timestamp":1787567363257,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n A convincing endoscopic image can prove false when the observer\u2019s expectation supplies a conclusion before evidence is tested. We describe how a flexible ureteroscope can mimic a retained intraluminal foreign body, and how anchoring and diagnostic momentum can drive an operator to an unnecessary and hazardous retrieval.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n During an elective flexible ureteroscopy as a planned second-look procedure, a linear, smooth, metallic-appearing structure within a dilated calyx was taken for a retained intraluminal foreign body, consistent with the residual hardware anticipated in the referring operative note. It was followed for approximately 3 cm before clinical doubt prompted reassessment. Two equipment-free manoeuvres established the truth: releasing tip deflection made the apparent foreign body move with the scope and disappear, and a guidewire passed retrogradely through a ureteric catheter emerged from the supposed forward opening, showing that the line of sight ran back along the instrument\u2019s own axis. The \u201cforeign body\u201d was the distal shaft of the ureteroscope, brought into view by passive buckling within the dilated collecting system. Had it been grasped, the deflected shaft would have been seized against the urothelium, exposing the patient to complications for no benefit.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The near miss arose not from faulty optics but from anchoring and diagnostic momentum: a handover narrative primed the operator to expect retained hardware, and a high-fidelity image confirmed the expectation before it was verified. Before acting on a striking image that confirms what one was told to expect, ask what simple independent test would distinguish it from its most likely imitator.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2026-0150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:07:14Z","timestamp":1787562434000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When seeing is not believing: a scope mistaken for a foreign body"],"prefix":"10.1515","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6958-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130brahim","family":"\u00dcntan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology , School of Medicine, Ahi Evran University , Kirsehir , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2085-4732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sultan","family":"\u00dcntan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine , Ke\u00e7i\u00f6ren Atat\u00fcrk Sanatoryum Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine , School of Medicine, Ahi Evran University , Kir\u015fehir , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannakas, T, Kaltsas, A, Moschovaki-Zeiger, O, Grigoriadis, S, Chrisofos, M. Retained intrarenal guidewire fragment after endourological stone surgery: antegrade percutaneous snare retrieval and literature review. Reports 2025;8:178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/reports8030178.","DOI":"10.3390\/reports8030178"},{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaplan, AG, Preminger, GM, Lipkin, ME. Combined endoscopic and percutaneous retrieval of a retained 4-wire ureteral stone basket. J\u00a0Endourol Case Rep 2015;1:3\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cren.2015.29008.agk.","DOI":"10.1089\/cren.2015.29008.agk"},{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, BH, Chang, TH, Chen, M, Chen, YH. Retrieval of intrarenal coiled and ruptured guidewire by retrograde intrarenal surgery: a case report and literature review. Open Med 2021;16:1728\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2021-0385.","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2021-0385"},{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beyer, BR, Haq, A. Residual intravenous contrast mimicking a ureteral stent on noncontrast computed tomography in a patient with ureterolithiasis. Cureus 2026;18:e101749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.101749.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101749"},{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchimura, S, Maruta, T, Kamada, R, Tomita, A, Tsuneyoshi, I. Misidentification of medical devices with radiographic contrast functions as retained foreign bodies on postoperative radiographs: a report of two cases. Cureus 2025;17:e78154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.78154.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.78154"},{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mamoulakis, C, Gorgoraptis, P, Kehagias, E, Karantanas, A. Foreign body mimicking neoplasia of the renal pelvis on magnetic resonance imaging. Turk J Urol 2018;44:82\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tud.2017.67366.","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2017.67366"},{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aylmore, H, Agarwal, S, Marcus, HJ, Pandit, AS. Cognitive biases and heuristics in surgical settings: a systematic review. Ann Surg 2025;282:946\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sla.0000000000006736.","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000006736"},{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saposnik, G, Redelmeier, D, Ruff, CC, Tobler, PN. Cognitive biases associated with medical decisions: a systematic review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2016;16:138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-016-0377-1.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-016-0377-1"},{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richburg, CE, Dossett, LA, Hughes, TM. Cognitive bias and dissonance in surgical practice: a narrative review. Surg Clin North Am 2023;103:271\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.suc.2022.11.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2022.11.003"},{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pavlidis, ET, Pavlidis, TE. Risk factors and mitigating measures associated with bile duct injury during cholecystectomy: a meta-analysis. BJS Open 2025;9:zraf076.","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsopen\/zraf076"},{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juliebo-Jones, P, Somani, BK, Mykoniatis, I, Hameed, BMZ, Tzelves, L, \u00c6s\u00f8y, MS, et al.. Adverse events related to accessory devices used during ureteroscopy: findings from a 10-year analysis of the manufacturer and user facility device experience (MAUDE) database. BJUI Compass 2024;5:70\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bco2.274.","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.274"},{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bagley, DH. Intrarenal access with the flexible ureteropyeloscope: effects of active and passive tip deflection. J\u00a0Endourol 1993;7:221\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/end.1993.7.221.","DOI":"10.1089\/end.1993.7.221"},{"key":"2026082409065990281_j_dx-2026-0150_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geavlete, P, Multescu, R, Geavlete, B. Retrograde flexible ureteroscopy. Int J Urol 2014;21:1076\u201384.","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12582"}],"container-title":["Diagnosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dx-2026-0150\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dx-2026-0150\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:07:16Z","timestamp":1787562436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/dx-2026-0150\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["10.1515\/dx-2026-0150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/dx-2026-0150","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-8011","2194-802X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-8011","type":"print"},{"value":"2194-802X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]}}}