{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T08:24:38Z","timestamp":1787214278881,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_em-2026-0009_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding tuberculosis (TB) transmission dynamics is necessary to interrupt disease spread. We developed a model to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for factors associated with genetic relatedness, as proxy for transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_em-2026-0009_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We build upon an existing iterative model that modifies genetically linked tuberculosis case data to better represent true transmission links. We incorporate bootstrapped logistic regression to calculate adjusted ORs with confidence intervals that account for correlation from individuals present across multiple transmission pairs. We assess model performance with simulation studies and apply the method to cohort data from Lima, Peru.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_em-2026-0009_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iterative algorithm estimates resembled those from logistic regression but had larger confidence intervals, reflecting the data correlation adjustment. Transmission pairs where at least one member was &gt;34 years had decreased transmission odds. Pairs with at least one incarcerated or male member had increased adjusted transmission odds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_em-2026-0009_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We produce adjusted ORs accounting for the correlation of pairwise genetic relatedness data. These ORs are an accurate proxy for the association between covariates and transmission and further our understanding of factors associated with tuberculosis transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/em-2026-0009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T07:58:41Z","timestamp":1787212721000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A new method to\u00a0estimate factors associated with\u00a0tuberculosis transmission using whole genome sequencing and\u00a0other additional metadata"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anne N.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics , Boston University School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ChuanChin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity , Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith B.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health , Boston University , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Malatesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics , Boston University School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Lecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Socios en Salud , Lima , Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes C.","family":"Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity , Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger I.","family":"Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socios en Salud , Lima , Peru"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana , Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres , Lima , Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen C.","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socios en Salud , Lima , Peru"},{"name":"Harvard Global Health Institute , Cambridge , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socios en Salud , Lima , Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Yataco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socios en Salud , Lima , Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zibiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity , Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan B.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity , Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen E.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics , Boston University School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura F.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics , Boston University School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082007583525386_j_em-2026-0009_ref_001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2024. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024."},{"key":"2026082007583525386_j_em-2026-0009_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horton, KC, MacPherson, P, Houben, RM, White, RG, Corbett, EL. 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