{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T16:49:07Z","timestamp":1773679747284,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance is a risk factor for somatic, psycho-social and spiritual dysfunction. It is also arguably the most deleterious effect of traffic noise pollution. Quantification of its burden is an anchor element of environmental policy making but no data are currently available for Bulgaria where the preponderance of dangerous nighttime noise exposure is highest in Europe. AIM: The aim of this study was to quantify the socio-economic burden of severe sleep disturbance due to traffic noise (road, aircraft and railway) in Bulgaria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The official World Health Organization methodology used in Europe was applied in order to estimate this annual loss expressed as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and their corresponding monetary value (assuming \u20ac 12 000 per DALY). RESULTS: Results showed that severe sleep disturbance due to all traffic sources was associated conservatively with 15 468 DALYs (8 839 - 22 097) and \u20ac 185 615 861 (\u20ac 106 066 206 - \u20ac 265 165 516) lost in 2012, with road traffic being the single most important noise source. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, severe sleep disturbance due to traffic noise bears a heavy environmental and socio-economic burden in Bulgaria which prompts vigorous political action and greater involvement in environmental research. In order to increase the accuracy of future burden of disease analyses other studies would need to establish exposure-response functions based on population-based socio-acoustic surveys in the country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/folmed-2015-0049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,15]],"date-time":"2016-05-15T11:59:21Z","timestamp":1463313561000},"page":"264-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Burden of Sleep Disturbance Due to Traffic Noise in Bulgaria"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Angel M.","family":"Dzhambov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donka D.","family":"Dimitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanina K.","family":"Mihaylova-Alakidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref191","first-page":"319","article-title":"The value of DALY life : problems with ethics and validity of disability adjusted life years","author":"Arnesen","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"203","article-title":"Economic value of disability - adjusted life years lost to violence : estimates for WHO Member States Panam","volume":"24","author":"Brown","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"256","article-title":"The effect of psychosocial stress on sleep : a review of polysomnographic evidence Behav","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.084301","article-title":"New disability weights for the global burden of disease Bull World","volume":"88","author":"Salomon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Organ"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slsci.2014.11.003","article-title":"Environmental noise and sleep disturbances : A threat to health","volume":"7","author":"Halperin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Science"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6296(97)00005-2","article-title":"Disability - adjusted life years : a critical review","volume":"16","author":"Anand","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"374","article-title":"Burden of myocardial infarction attributable to road - traffic noise : A pilot study in Belgrade Noise","volume":"16","author":"Paunovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"ref91","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome in Bulgaria Folia","volume":"53","author":"Stefanov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bulgaria health system review","volume":"14","author":"Dimova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Syst Transit"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"6","article-title":"Environmental noise and sleep disturbance : Research in central , eastern and south - eastern Europe and newly independent states Noise","volume":"15","author":"Ristovska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health"}],"container-title":["Folia Medica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/folmed\/57\/3-4\/article-p264.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/folmed.2015.57.issue-3-4\/folmed-2015-0049\/folmed-2015-0049.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T09:06:07Z","timestamp":1603271167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/archive.sciendo.com\/FOLMED\/folmed.2016.57.issue-3-4\/folmed-2015-0049\/folmed-2015-0049.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/folmed-2015-0049","relation":{},"ISSN":["1314-2143"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1314-2143","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]}}}