{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800377,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes chronic inflammation and alteration of articular tissue and joints. The pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear although it is known that proinflammatory cytokines play a major role in its induction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>YKL-40 is a chitinase-like glycoprotein produced by activated macrophages, neutrophils, arthritic chondrocytes and cancer cells. It has been shown that YKL-40 is implicated in tissue remodeling, angiogenesis and inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Aim: to investigate serum and synovial YKL-40 levels in relation to IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-6 in RA patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Materials and methods: Serum and synovial concentrations of YKL-40, TNF-\u03b1, IL- 6, and IL-1\u03b2 were determined by ELISA in 39 patients (mean age 53.18 \u00b1 16.54 yrs) with active RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Serum YKL-40 levels were increased in all patients. The highest levels were found in synovial fluid (P&lt;0.01). Our study showed a strong association between serum and synovial levels of YKL-40 and serum TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1 \u03b2 (P&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: This is the first study finding a significant correlation between serum TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 and YKL-40 in active RA. We suggest that these molecules together might play a dominant role in the pathogenesis and disease activity and could possibly serve as a new diagnostic constellation in rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/folmed-2017-0013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T06:03:35Z","timestamp":1491458615000},"page":"37-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["YKL-40 and cytokines - a New Diagnostic Constellation in Rheumatoid Arthritis?"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Maria H.","family":"Kazakova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastas Z.","family":"Batalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nonka G.","family":"Mateva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zlatimir G.","family":"Kolarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria S.","family":"Sarafian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2013.04.014","article-title":"Interleukin newcomers creating new numbers in rheumatology : IL - 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