{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:19:30Z","timestamp":1783523970520,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>Changes in lifestyle and obesity in recent decades have brought about a dramatic increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and allergic diseases. Clinical and epidemiological studies associate obesity with epidemics of allergic diseases. The link between obesity and DM2 with immunological components of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation is not yet conclusively established.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>To examine the key immunological components of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation in patients with DM2 and their relationship with glycemic control and anthropometric indicators.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods:<\/jats:bold>Fifty-five patients with DM2 and 32 healthy controls with normal weight and body mass index (BMI) of 18-24.9 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>were included in the study. Th2-cytokine profile (serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5, pg\/ml) and total serum IgE IU\/ml were assessed in all participants in the study using ELISA. In patients with DM2, levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) in the blood were also measured.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5 are significantly higher in patients with DM2 compared to the control group. Serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5 positively correlated with BMI as well as serum levels of IL-4 with waist circumference. Total serum IgE positively correlated with HbA1c.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>Obesity and poor glycemic control in patients with DM2 affect key immunological components of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation and possibly alter the immune response to allergens and antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/folmed-2017-0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T10:02:24Z","timestamp":1499940144000},"page":"159-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association between Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity and Key Immunological Components of IgE-mediated Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Raditsa N.","family":"Sokolova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumyana K.","family":"Yankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsvetana I.","family":"Abadjieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana A.","family":"Popova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Ivanovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana A.","family":"Murdjeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Orbetzova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlan M.","family":"Dermendzhiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Pavlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01506.x","article-title":"The link between the epidemics of obesity and allergic diseases : does obesity induce decreased immune tolerance","volume":"62","author":"Hersoug","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.04.002","article-title":"Adipocytederived Th cytokines and myeloid PPARdelta regulate macrophage polarization and insulin sensitivity","volume":"7","author":"Kang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.168","article-title":"Regulation of glucose \/ lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity by interleukin -","volume":"36","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4236\/oji.2014.42006","article-title":"An overview of leptin and the Th \/ Th balance","volume":"04","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"153","article-title":"Association between obesity and atopy in adults","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000940","article-title":"Basophils are the major producers of IL - 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