{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T07:19:24Z","timestamp":1770448764924,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>Clubfoot is one of the most common congenital limb deformities. Prenatal diagnosis of the condition is essential as it can help treat the malformation as early as possible. We reviewed the recent available literature concerning the current methods for prenatal diagnosis of clubfoot.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>The following databases were searched from 1966 to 2015: PubMed, OVID, Cochrane, CINAHL, Google scholar and Embase.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Out of a total number of 197 retrieved articles, after abstract or title page evaluation, 158 articles not matching the inclusion criteria were excluded. The full text versions of the remaining 39 articles were obtained, and their reference lists screened, with the addition of another 5 full-text articles.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>Currently, ultrasonography is considered the most reliable method of prenatal diagnosis of clubfoot. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of clubfoot appears more likely between the 18th and the 24th week of pregnancy. Alternative imaging is not indicated. There is no agreement whether to propose foetal karyotyping when isolated clubfoot is diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography. Early detection of clubfoot should prompt a careful surveillance during pregnancy in order to detect any possible additional abnormalities and, if any of these are detected, invasive testing should be offered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/folmed-2017-0030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]],"date-time":"2017-10-04T10:05:58Z","timestamp":1507111558000},"page":"247-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prenatal Diagnosis of Clubfoot: A Review of Current Available Methodology"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Cesare","family":"Faldini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Fenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Sanzarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Nanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Traina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele Attilio A.","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref141","first-page":"708","article-title":"Outcome of prenatally diagnosed isolated clubfoot Ultrasound","volume":"35","author":"Lauson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181e78e4e","article-title":"Prenatally diagnosed clubfeet : comparing ultrasono - graphic severity with objective clinical outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Glotzbecker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2325-3","article-title":"Prenatal detec - tion and postnatal outcome of congenital talipes equinovarus in fetuses","volume":"106","author":"Hartge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-78-6-287","article-title":"In utero fetal lower extremity examination by diagnostic ultra - sound","volume":"78","author":"Plotkin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"301","article-title":"Mid - trimester ultrasound diagnosis of isolated talipes equinovarus : accuracy and outcome for infants","volume":"38","author":"Woodrow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"990","article-title":"Bar - On Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of club foot : outcome and recommendations for counselling and follow - up","volume":"87","author":"Mashiach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2012.31.7.997","article-title":"Value of the fetal plan - tar shape in prenatal diagnosis of talipes equinovarus","volume":"31","author":"Liao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta - analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions : explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"437","article-title":"Isolated clubfoot diagnosed prenatally : is karyotyping indi - cated","volume":"95","author":"Malone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref231","first-page":"497","article-title":"Outcome of fetuses with clubfeet diagnosed by prenatal sonography J Ultra - sound","volume":"23","author":"Mammen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19950501-05","article-title":"Clubfoot deformity in Down s syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Miller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1708-5","article-title":"Fetal MRI of clubfoot associated with myelomeningocele","volume":"40","author":"Servaes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"838","article-title":"Prenatal ultrasound detection of talipes equinovarus in a non - selected population of deliveries in Norway Ultrasound","volume":"49314","author":"Offerdal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200109000-00016","article-title":"Mid - tri - mester amniocentesis trial G the Canadian pediatric orthopedic review G Review of the effect of early amniocentesis on foot deformity in the neonate","volume":"21","author":"Tredwell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B6.0820876","article-title":"Clinical out - come of congenital talipes equinovarus diagnosed antenatally by ultrasound","volume":"82","author":"Tillett","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"864","article-title":"Club - feet associated with hydrocephalus : new evidence of gradual dynamic development in utero Obstet","volume":"79","author":"Bronshtein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gynecol"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"243","article-title":"Prenatal sonographic di - agnosis of focal musculoskeletal anomalies Korean","volume":"4","author":"Ryu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Radiol"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.12020103.x","article-title":"et Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of club foot with particular attention to the implications and outcomes of isolated club foot","volume":"12","author":"Rijhsinghani","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"882","article-title":"Contribution of MRI to ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal anoma - A Review of Current Available Methodology Vol I No lies","volume":"59","author":"Kul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B7.0841015","article-title":"Effi cacy of prenatal ultrasonography in confi rmed club foot","volume":"84","author":"Keret","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8932","article-title":"Ma - ternal attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis of idiopathic clubfoot","volume":"37","author":"Radler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70445-4","article-title":"The signifi cance of pre - natally identifi ed isolated clubfoot : is amniocentesis indicated","volume":"178","author":"Shipp","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Folia Medica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/folmed\/59\/3\/article-p247.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/folmed.2017.59.issue-3\/folmed-2017-0030\/folmed-2017-0030.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T22:59:14Z","timestamp":1659567554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/archive.sciendo.com\/FOLMED\/folmed.2017.59.issue-3\/folmed-2017-0030\/folmed-2017-0030.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/folmed-2017-0030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1314-2143"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1314-2143","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}}}