{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T19:03:12Z","timestamp":1757703792013},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>Human cytomegalovirus is a ubiquitous, large enveloped DNA \u03b2-herpesvirus that, like other herpesviruses, establishes lifelong latency following primary infection. It is the most frequent cause of congenital, neonatal and early postnatal infections with long lasting sequelae.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of cytomegalovirus among a cohort of newborns and 1-3-month-old children with neurological symptoms, physical retardation, prolonged jaundice, thrombocytopenic purpura and other disabilities.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods:<\/jats:bold>The study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of serological screening data for detection of specific anti-cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG in children from Northeastern Bulgaria.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Between 2003 and 2015, average prevalences of 18.8% (95% CI: 15.4 to 22.2) for anti-CMV IgM antibodies (suggesting acute infection) and 84.7% (95% CI: 81.6 to 87.8) for anti-CMV IgG antibodies were measured in a total number of 517 samples. The prevalence rate of anti-CMV IgM in 1-3-month-old children was 4-fold higher than that in newborns [25.8% (95% CI: 21.1 to 30.5) and 6.4% (95% CI: 2.9 to 9.9, respectively]. In contrast, no significant difference was found for anti- CMV IgG positivity between newborns and 1-3-month-old infants (84% and 85%, respectively).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>The data obtained strongly encourage screening of pregnant women for anti-CMV IgG and IgM to avoid transmission of the infection and severe complications of congenital infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/folmed-2017-0036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]],"date-time":"2017-10-04T10:05:58Z","timestamp":1507111558000},"page":"298-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Role of Cytomegalovirus in Congenital and Early Postnatal Infections in Northeastern Bulgaria"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Zhivka D.","family":"Stoykova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilia I.","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatina T.","family":"Todorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.2.315","article-title":"of America and Centers for Disease Control Summary of a workshop on surveillance for congenital cytomegalovirus disease","volume":"13","author":"Demmler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases Society Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000199261.98769.29","article-title":"Italian study of congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"25","author":"Barbi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pass In editors Fields Philadelphia","author":"Mocarski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"164","article-title":"KB Spectrum of disease and outcome in children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"17","author":"Dreher","year":"2014","journal-title":"AM J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit629","article-title":"KB Congenital cytomegalovirus infection clinical outcome","author":"Boppana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"344","article-title":"KB Intrauterine transmission of cytomegalovirus to infants of women with preconceptional immunity","volume":"18","author":"Boppana","year":"2001","journal-title":"Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref141","first-page":"1","article-title":"screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection xxxii","volume":"15","author":"Ivanova","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"1990","article-title":"Congenital cytomegalovirus mortality in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Bristow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dis"},{"key":"ref121","article-title":"Longterm outcomes of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in Sweden and the United Kingdom","volume":"13","author":"Townsend","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"137","article-title":"and diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection a study","volume":"16","author":"Halwachs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Screening Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"335","article-title":"EC MR Congenital cytomegalovirus infection : new prospects for prevention and therapy","author":"Swanson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Am"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(99)00016-5","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of human cytomegalovirus load and IgM antibody in blood of congenitally infected newborns","volume":"14","author":"Revello","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.535","article-title":"meta - 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