{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:31:42Z","timestamp":1761766302032},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513728000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background: The introduction of complex antiretroviral therapy has resulted in signifi cant decrease in the mortality rate of HIV positive patients, but it still remains unacceptably high, especially in some groups of patients. Aim: To investigate the death rate in patients with HIV\/AIDS, lethality and mortality in co-infection, and the most common causes and predictors of fatal outcome, focused on early diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Materials and methods: The study included 53 deceased patients with HIV\/AIDS, monitored at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases in St George University Hospital, Plovdiv between 01.01.2010 and 31.12.2014. The methods of research included clinical analysis, laboratory tests, microbiological and serological tests (HCV, HBV, toxoplasmosis), ELISA, PCR. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive statistics, the Student\u2019s t-test, the method of Van der Ward, and regression analysis (logistic regression). Results: During the study period 316 patients with HIV\/AIDS were monitored, 53 of them with lethal outcome. Lethality was 16.7% for the whole group; in intravenous drug users - 13.8%; in co-infected patients: HIV\/M. tuberculosis - 46%, in HIV\/HCV - 17.8%. Lethality and mortality in HIV(+) patients with co-infections in populations of diff erent age, gender, duration since starting \u0441\u0410R\u0422 and degree of immunodefi ciency (according to CD4, VL) was compared with the lethality and mortality in patients with these conditions from the general population. Conclusions: Fatal outcome in patients with HIV\/AIDS was most commonly associated with co-infections HIV\/M. tuberculosis and HIV\/HCV. Predictors of a fatal outcome are pulmonary tuberculosis, advanced immunodefi ciency with VL&gt; 500 000 c\/\u03bcL and CD4 &lt;100\/mm3, absence or non-systemic antiretroviral therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/folmed-2017-0052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T22:16:36Z","timestamp":1516227396000},"page":"454-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lethality among Patients with HIV\/AIDS Monitored in the Clinic of Infectious Diseases in St George University Hospital, Plovdiv, 2010\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Mariyana V.","family":"Stoycheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolay T.","family":"Vatev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vania B.","family":"Georgieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonina P.","family":"Dineva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Atanasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana A.","family":"Popova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref01","first-page":"1","article-title":"Life expectancy of HIV - positive individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy in","volume":"15","author":"Patterson","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"49","article-title":"analysis Increased mortality associated with hepatitis C in HIV - infected persons is unrelated to HIV disease progression","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Meta Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref111","article-title":"Risk factors and outcomes for late presentation for HIVpositive patients in Europe : results from the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe Study COHERE","volume":"12","author":"Mocroft","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS Medicine"},{"key":"ref151","article-title":"The opportunistic infections project team of Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe Study COHERE CD cell count and the risk of AIDS or death in HIV infected adults on combination antiretroviral therapy with suppressed viral load","volume":"16","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS Medicine"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12313","article-title":"The emerging and re - emerging HIV epidemics in Europe","volume":"19","author":"Bozicevic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"2003","article-title":"Abo Incidence of serious morbidity in HIV - infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in West African care centre","volume":"13","author":"Minga","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"2015","article-title":"DJ Write ST Antiretroviral treatment use co - morbidities and clinical outcomes among aboriginal participants in the Australian HIV Observational","volume":"13","author":"Templeton","journal-title":"Database BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"1997","article-title":"All - cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network compared with the general population","volume":"11","author":"Hernando","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"2006","article-title":"Survival on antiretroviral treatment among adult HIV infected patients in Nepal : a retrospective cohort study in far - western Region","volume":"13","author":"Bhatta","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy - effectiveness Personal study in HIV - infected patients between dissertation a","author":"Elenkov","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-297","article-title":"Predictors of mortality among TB - HIV co - infected patients being treated for tuberculosis in Northwest Ethiopia : a retrospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Sileshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"1996","article-title":"National trends in hospitalization and mortality rates for patients with HIV or HIV \/ HCV coinfection from in the United States : a cross - sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Oramasionwu","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Folia Medica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/folmed\/59\/4\/article-p454.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/folmed.2017.59.issue-4\/folmed-2017-0052\/folmed-2017-0052.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T09:06:38Z","timestamp":1603271198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/archive.sciendo.com\/FOLMED\/folmed.2017.59.issue-4\/folmed-2017-0052\/folmed-2017-0052.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/folmed-2017-0052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1314-2143"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1314-2143","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]}}}