{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:14:43Z","timestamp":1792638883968,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":413,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An energy deficiency is the result of inadequate energy intake relative to high energy expenditure. Often observed with the development of an energy deficiency is a high drive for thinness, dietary restraint, and weight and shape concerns in association with eating behaviors. At a basic physiologic level, a chronic energy deficiency promotes compensatory mechanisms to conserve fuel for vital physiologic function. Alterations have been documented in resting energy expenditure (REE) and metabolic hormones. Observed metabolic alterations include nutritionally acquired growth hormone resistance and reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations; hypercortisolemia; increased ghrelin, peptide YY, and adiponectin; and decreased leptin, triiodothyronine, and kisspeptin. The cumulative effect of the energetic and metabolic alterations is a suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion is decreased with consequent suppression of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone release. Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary secretion alters the production of estrogen and progesterone resulting in subclinical or clinical menstrual dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2015-0053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,11]],"date-time":"2016-03-11T06:43:25Z","timestamp":1457678605000},"page":"91-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["The physiology of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea associated with energy deficiency in exercising women and in women with anorexia nervosa"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Heather C.M.","family":"Allaway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health and Exercise Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Southmayd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health and Exercise Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Jane","family":"De Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_001_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berga SL, Mortola JF, Girton L, Suh B, Laughlin G, Pham P, Yen SS. Neuroendocrine aberrations in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. J Clin Endocr Metab 1989;68:301\u20138.10.1210\/jcem-68-2-301","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-68-2-301"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_002_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ab2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bullen BA, Skrinar GS, Beitins IZ, von Mering G, Turnbull BA, McArthur JW. Induction of menstrual disorders by strenuous exercise in untrained women. N Engl J Med 1985;312:1349\u201353.10.1056\/NEJM198505233122103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198505233122103"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_003_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ab3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza MJ, Lee DK, VanHeest JL, Scheid JL, West SL, Williams NI. Severity of energy-related menstrual disturbances increases in proportion to indices of energy conservation in exercising women. Fertil Steril 2007;88:971\u20135.10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.171"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_004_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ab4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza MJ, Williams NI. Physiological aspects and clinical sequelae of energy deficiency and hypoestrogenism in exercising women. Hum Reprod Update 2004;10:433\u201348.10.1093\/humupd\/dmh033","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmh033"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_005_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ab5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fourman LT, Fazeli PK. Neuroendocrine causes of amenorrhea\u2013an update. J Clin Endocr Metab 2015;100:812\u201324.10.1210\/jc.2014-3344","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3344"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_006_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ab6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordon CM. Clinical practice. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. N Engl J Med 2010;363:365\u201371.10.1056\/NEJMcp0912024","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0912024"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_007_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ab7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller KK. Endocrine effects of anorexia nervosa. Endocrin Metab Clin 2013;42:515\u201328.10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.05.007"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_008_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ab8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra M, Klibanski A. Endocrine consequences of anorexia nervosa. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014;2:581\u201392.10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70180-3","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70180-3"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_009_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ab9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza MJ, Hontscharuk R, Olmsted M, Kerr G, Williams NI. Drive for thinness score is a proxy indicator of energy deficiency in exercising women. Appetite 2007;48:359\u201367.10.1016\/j.appet.2006.10.00917184880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2006.10.009"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_010_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibbs JC, Williams NI, Scheid JL, Toombs RJ, De Souza MJ. The association of a high drive for thinness with energy deficiency and severe menstrual disturbances: confirmation in a large population of exercising women. Int J Sport Nutr Exe 2011;21:280\u201390.10.1123\/ijsnem.21.4.28021813911","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.21.4.280"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_011_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beals KA, Manore MM. Behavioral, psychological, and physical characteristics of female athletes with subclinical eating disorders. Int J Sport Nutr Exe 2000;10:128\u201343.10.1123\/ijsnem.10.2.12810861334","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.10.2.128"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_012_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundgot-Borgen J. Eating disorders in female athletes. Sports Med 1994;17:176\u201388.10.2165\/00007256-199417030-000048191175","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199417030-00004"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_013_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams NI, Caston-Balderrama AL, Helmreich DL, Parfitt DB, Nosbisch C, Cameron JL. Longitudinal changes in reproductive hormones and menstrual cyclicity in cynomolgus monkeys during strenuous exercise training: abrupt transition to exercise-induced amenorrhea. Endocrinology 2001;142:2381\u20139.10.1210\/endo.142.6.811311356685","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.6.8113"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_014_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams NI, Helmreich DL, Parfitt DB, Caston-Balderrama A, Cameron JL. Evidence for a causal role of low energy availability in the induction of menstrual cycle disturbances during strenuous exercise training. J Clin Endocr Metab 2001;86:5184\u201393.10.1210\/jcem.86.11.802411701675","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.11.8024"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_015_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza MJ, Nattiv A, Joy E, Misra M, Williams NI, Mallinson RJ, Gibbs JC, Olmsted M, Goolsby M, Matheson G. 2014 Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement on Treatment and Return to Play of the Female Athlete Triad: 1st International Conference held in San Francisco, California, May 2012 and 2nd International Conference held in Indianapolis, Indiana, May 2013. Br J Sports Med 2014;48:289.10.1136\/bjsports-2013-09321824463911","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093218"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_016_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bachrach LK, Guido D, Katzman D, Litt IF, Marcus R. Decreased bone density in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Pediatrics 1990;86:440\u20137.10.1542\/peds.86.3.440","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.3.440"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_017_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra M, Golden NH, Katzman DK. State of the art systematic review of bone disease in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disorder 2015.10.1002\/eat.22451476968326311400","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22451"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_018_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac18Aa","unstructured":"Yen SS. The human menstrual cycle: neuroendocrine regulation. In: Yen SS, Jaffe RB, Barbieri RL, editors. Reproductive endocrinology: physiology, pathology, and clinical management. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1999:191\u2013217."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_019_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baerwald AR, Adams GP, Pierson RA. Characterization of ovarian follicular wave dynamics in women. Biol Reprod 2003;69:1023\u201331.10.1095\/biolreprod.103.01777212748128","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.017772"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_020_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Block E. Quantitative morphological investigations of the follicular system in women; variations in the different phases of the sexual cycle. Acta Endocrinol 1951;8:33\u201354.10.1530\/acta.0.008003314894127","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0080033"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_021_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gougeon A, Lefevre B. Evolution of the diameters of the largest healthy and atretic follicles during the human menstrual cycle. J Reprod Fertil 1983;69:497\u2013502.10.1530\/jrf.0.06904976631816","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0690497"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_022_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNatty KP, Hillier SG, van den Boogaard AM, Trimbos-Kemper TC, Reichert LE Jr, van Hall EV. Follicular development during the luteal phase of the human menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocr Metab 1983;56:1022\u201331.10.1210\/jcem-56-5-10226403567","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-56-5-1022"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_023_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiazze L Jr, Brayer FT, Macisco JJ Jr, Parker MP, Duffy BJ. The length and variability of the human menstrual cycle. J Am Med Assoc 1968;203:377\u201380.10.1001\/jama.1968.03140060001001","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1968.03140060001001"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_024_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harlow SD. Menstruation and menstrual disorders: the epidemiology of menstruation and menstrual dysfunction. In: Goldman MB, Hatch MC, editors. Women & Health. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2000:99\u2013113.10.1016\/B978-012288145-9\/50012-7","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012288145-9\/50012-7"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_025_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac25Aa","unstructured":"Nattiv A, Loucks AB, Manore MM, Sanborn CF, Sundgot-Borgen J, Warren MP. American college of sports medicine position stand. The female athlete triad. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007:39:1867\u201382."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_026_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac26Aa","unstructured":"Treloar AE, Boynton RE, Behn BG, Brown BW. Variation of the human menstrual cycle through reproductive life. Int J Fertil 1967;12(1 Pt 2):77\u2013126."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_027_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac27Aa","unstructured":"Vollman RF. The menstrual cycle. Major Probl Obstet Gynecol 1977;7:1\u2013193."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_028_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac28Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakos O, Lundkvist O, Wide L, Bergh T. Ultrasonographical and hormonal description of the normal ovulatory menstrual cycle. Acta Obstet Gyn Scan 1994;73:790\u20136.10.3109\/000163494090725077817731","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349409072507"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_029_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac29Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ecochard R, Gougeon A. Side of ovulation and cycle characteristics in normally fertile women. Hum Reprod 2000;15:752\u20135.10.1093\/humrep\/15.4.75210739814","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.4.752"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_030_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac30Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mihm M, Gangooly S, Muttukrishna S. The normal menstrual cycle in women. Anim Reprod Sci 2011;124:229\u201336.10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.08.03020869180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.08.030"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_031_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac31Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hallberg L, Hogdahl AM, Nilsson L, Rybo G. Menstrual blood loss\u2013a population study. Variation at different ages and attempts to define normality. Acta Obstet Gyn Scan 1966;45:320\u201351.10.3109\/000163466091584555922481","DOI":"10.3109\/00016346609158455"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_032_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac32Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knobil E. The Wisdom of the Body Revisited. News Physiol Sci 1999;14:1\u201311.10.1152\/physiologyonline.1999.14.1.111390810","DOI":"10.1152\/physiologyonline.1999.14.1.1"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_033_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac33Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsutsumi R, Webster NJ. GnRH pulsatility, the pituitary response and reproductive dysfunction. Endocr J 2009;56:729\u201337.10.1507\/endocrj.K09E-185","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K09E-185"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_034_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac34Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knobil E, Plant TM, Wildt L, Belchetz PE, Marshall G. Control of the rhesus monkey menstrual cycle: permissive role of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Science 1980;207:1371\u20133.10.1126\/science.67665666766566","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6766566"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_035_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac35Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plant TM, Krey LC, Moossy J, McCormack JT, Hess DL, Knobil E. The arcuate nucleus and the control of gonadotropin and prolactin secretion in the female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Endocrinology 1978;102:52\u201362.10.1210\/endo-102-1-52105866","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-102-1-52"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_036_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac36Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones EE, Decherney AH. The female reproductive system. In: Boron WF, Boulpaep EL, editors. Medical physiology, Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2012:1146\u201369.10.1016\/B978-1-4160-3115-4.50058-5","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-3115-4.50058-5"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_037_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac37Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baerwald AR, Adams GP, Pierson RA. A new model for ovarian follicular development during the human menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril 2003;80:116\u201322.10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00544-2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00544-2"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_038_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac38Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gougeon A. Regulation of ovarian follicular development in primates: facts and hypotheses. Endocr Rev 1996;17:121\u201355.10.1210\/edrv-17-2-121","DOI":"10.1210\/er.17.2.121"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_039_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac39Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams GP, Pierson RA. Bovine model for study of ovarian follicular dynamics in humans. Theriogenology 1995;43:113\u201320.10.1016\/0093-691X(94)00015-M","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(94)00015-M"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_040_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac40Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams GP, Jaiswal R, Singh J, Malhi P. Progress in understanding ovarian follicular dynamics in cattle. Theriogenology 2008;69:72\u201380.10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.09.026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.09.026"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_041_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac41Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams GP, Matteri RL, Kastelic JP, Ko JC, Ginther OJ. Association between surges of follicle-stimulating hormone and the emergence of follicular waves in heifers. J Reprod Fertil 1992;94:177\u201388.10.1530\/jrf.0.0940177","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0940177"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_042_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac42Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGee EA, Hsueh AJ. Initial and cyclic recruitment of ovarian follicles. Endocr Rev 2000;21:200\u201314.10.1210\/edrv.21.2.0394","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.21.2.0394"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_043_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac43Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pache TD, Wladimiroff JW, de Jong FH, Hop WC, Fauser BC. Growth patterns of nondominant ovarian follicles during the normal menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril 1990;54:638\u201342.10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53821-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53821-7"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_044_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac44Aa","unstructured":"Van Voorhis BJ. Follicular development. In: Knobil E, Neill JD, editors. Encyclopedia of reproduction. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998;376\u201389."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_045_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac45Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown JB. Pituitary control of ovarian function\u2013concepts derived from gonadotropin therapy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1978;18:47\u201354.10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1978.tb00011.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1978.tb00011.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_046_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac46Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Kretser DM, Hedger MP, Loveland KL, Phillips DJ. Inhibins, activins and follistatin in reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 2002;8:529\u201341.10.1093\/humupd\/8.6.529","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/8.6.529"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_047_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac47Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gougeon A. Dynamics of human follicular growth: morphologic, dynamic and functional aspects. In: Leung PC, Adashi EY, editors. The ovary. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004:25\u201344.10.1016\/B978-012444562-8\/50003-3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012444562-8\/50003-3"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_048_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac48Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hillier SG. Current concepts of the roles of follicle-stimulating-hormone and luteinizing-hormone in folliculogenesis. Hum Reprod 1994;9:188\u201391.10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138480","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138480"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_049_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac49Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monniaux D, Huet C, Besnard N, Clement F, Bosc M, Pisselet C, Monget P, Mariana JC. Follicular growth and ovarian dynamics in mammals. J Reprod Fertil 1997;51:3\u201323.10.1016\/S0093-691X(96)00334-2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(96)00334-2"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_050_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac50Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erickson GF, Danforth DR. Ovarian control of follicle development. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172(2 Pt 2):736\u201347.10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90147-7","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90147-7"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_051_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac51Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheele F, Schoemaker J. The role of follicle-stimulating hormone in the selection of follicles in human ovaries: a survey of the literature and a proposed model. Gynecol Endocrinol 1996;10:55\u201366.10.3109\/095135996090412718737193","DOI":"10.3109\/09513599609041271"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_052_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac52Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smacklon N, Fauser BC. Regulation of follicle development and novel approaches to ovarian stimulation for IVF. Hum Reprod Update 2000;6:307\u201312.10.1093\/humupd\/6.4.30710972517","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/6.4.307"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_053_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac53Aa","unstructured":"Rhoades R, Pflanzer R. Reproductive physiology. In: Rhoades R, Pflanzer R, editors. Human physiology. Fort Worth: Saunders College Publishing, 1992:986\u201398."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_054_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac54Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodgers RJ, Irving-Rodgers HF. Formation of the ovarian follicular antrum and follicular fluid. Biol Reprod 2010;82:1021\u20139.10.1095\/biolreprod.109.08294120164441","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.082941"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_055_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac55Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baird DT, Fraser IS. Concentration of oestrone and oestradiol in follicular fluid and ovarian venous blood of women. Clin Endocrinol 1975;4:259\u201366.10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01533.x1149301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01533.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_056_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac56Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bomsel-Helmreich O, Gougeon A, Thebault A, Saltarelli D, Milgrom E, Frydman R, Papiernik E. Healthy and atretic human follicles in the preovulatory phase: differences in evolution of follicular morphology and steroid content of follicular fluid. J Clin Endocr Metab 1979;48:686\u201394.10.1210\/jcem-48-4-686429512","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-48-4-686"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_057_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac57Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chikazawa K, Araki S, Tamada T. Morphological and endocrinological studies on follicular development during the human menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocr Metab 1986;62:305\u201313.10.1210\/jcem-62-2-3053941159","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-2-305"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_058_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac58Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hillier SG, Reichert LE Jr, Van Hall EV. Control of preovulatory follicular estrogen biosynthesis in the human ovary. J Clin Endocr Metab 1981;52:847\u201356.10.1210\/jcem-52-5-8476785289","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-52-5-847"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_059_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac59Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lloyd CW, Lobotsky J, Weisz J, Baird DT, McCracken JA, Pupkin M, Zanartu J, Puga J. Concentration of unconjugated estrogens, androgens and gestagens in ovarian and peripheral venous plasma of women: the normal menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocr Metab 1971;32:155\u201366.10.1210\/jcem-32-2-1554249977","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-32-2-155"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_060_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac60Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNatty KP, Baird DT, Bolton A, Chambers P, Corker CS, McLean H. Concentration of oestrogens and androgens in human ovarian venous plasma and follicular fluid throughout the menstrual cycle. J Endocrinol 1976;71:77\u201385.10.1677\/joe.0.0710077978120","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0710077"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_061_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac61Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikhail G. Sex steroids in blood. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1967;10:29\u201339.10.1097\/00003081-196703000-000034225469","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-196703000-00003"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_062_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac62Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Dessel HJ, Schipper I, Pache TD, van Geldorp H, de Jong FH, Fauser BC. Normal human follicle development: an evaluation of correlations with oestradiol, androstenedione and progesterone levels in individual follicles. Clin Endocrinol 1996;44:191\u20138.10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.662483.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.662483.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_063_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac63Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Santbrink EJ, Hop WC, van Dessel TJ, de Jong FH, Fauser BC. Decremental follicle-stimulating hormone and dominant follicle development during the normal menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril 1995;64:37\u201343.10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57652-3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57652-3"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_064_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac64Aa","unstructured":"Zeleznik AJ, Benyo D. Control of follicular development, corpus luteum function, and the recognition of pregnancy in higher primates. In: Knobil E, Neill JD, editors. The physiology of reproduction. New York: Raven Press, 1994:1023\u201331."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_065_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac65Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"diZerega GS, Hodgen GD. Folliculogenesis in the primate ovarian cycle. Endocr Rev 1981;2:27\u201349.10.1210\/edrv-2-1-27","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-2-1-27"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_066_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac66Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baerwald AR, Adams GP, Pierson RA. Ovarian antral folliculogenesis during the human menstrual cycle: a review. Hum Reprod Update 2012;18:73\u201391.10.1093\/humupd\/dmr039","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr039"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_067_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac67Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginther OJ, Beg MA, Bergfelt DR, Donadeu FX, Kot K. Follicle selection in monovular species. Biol Reprod 2001;65:638\u201347.10.1095\/biolreprod65.3.638","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.3.638"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_068_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac68Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filicori M. The potential value of mid-follicular phase LH. Hum Reprod 2002;17:517\u201320.10.1093\/humrep\/17.2.517-a","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.2.517-a"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_069_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac69Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sullivan MW, Stewart-Akers A, Krasnow JS, Berga SL, Zeleznik AJ. Ovarian responses in women to recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH): a role for LH in the final stages of follicular maturation. J Clin Endocr Metab 1999;84:228\u201332.10.1210\/jc.84.1.228","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.1.228"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_070_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac70Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamoto M, Shima K, Nakano R. Gonadotropin receptors in human ovarian follicles and corpora lutea throughout the menstrual cycle. Horm Res 1992;37(Suppl 1):5\u201311.10.1159\/000182335","DOI":"10.1159\/000182335"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_071_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac71Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fraser HM, Groome NP, McNeilly AS. Follicle-stimulating hormone-inhibin B interactions during the follicular phase of the primate menstrual cycle revealed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist and antiestrogen treatment. J Clin Endocr Metab 1999;84:1365\u20139.10.1210\/jcem.84.4.5586","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.4.5586"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_072_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac72Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibbons JR, Wiltbank MC, Ginther OJ. Functional interrelationships between follicles greater than 4 mm and the follicle-stimulating hormone surge in heifers. Biol Reprod 1997;57:1066\u201373.10.1095\/biolreprod57.5.1066","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.5.1066"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_073_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac73Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginther OJ. Selection of the dominant follicle in cattle and horses. Anim Reprod Sci 2000;60\u201361:61\u201379.10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00083-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00083-X"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_074_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac74Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams GP, Kot K, Smith CA, Ginther OJ. Selection of a dominant follicle and suppression of follicular-growth in heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 1993;30:259\u201371.10.1016\/0378-4320(93)90076-4","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(93)90076-4"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_075_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac75Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginther OJ, Bergfelt DR, Beg MA, Kot K. Follicle selection in cattle: relationships among growth rate, diameter ranking, and capacity for dominance. Biol Reprod 2001;65:345\u201350.10.1095\/biolreprod65.2.345","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.2.345"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_076_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac76Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeleznik AJ. Follicle selection in primates: \u201cmany are called but few are chosen\u201d. Biol Reprod 2001;65:655\u20139.10.1095\/biolreprod65.3.655","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.3.655"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_077_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac77Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeleznik AJ, Kubik CJ. Ovarian responses in macaques to pulsatile infusion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone: increased sensitivity of the maturing follicle to FSH. Endocrinology 1986;119:2025\u201332.10.1210\/endo-119-5-2025","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-119-5-2025"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_078_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac78Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karsch FJ, Dierschke DK, Weick RF, Yamaji T, Hotchkiss J, Knobil E. Positive and negative feedback control by estrogen of luteinizing hormone secretion in the rhesus monkey. Endocrinology 1973;92:799\u2013804.10.1210\/endo-92-3-799","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-92-3-799"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_079_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac79Aa","unstructured":"Buffet NC, Bouchard P. The neuroendocrine regulation of the human ovarian cycle. Chronobiol Int 2001;18:893\u2013919."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_080_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac80Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brannstrom M, Zackrisson U, Hagstrom HG, Josefsson B, Hellberg P, Granberg S, Collins WP, Bourne T. Preovulatory changes of blood flow in different regions of the human follicle. Fertil Steril 1998;69:435\u201342.10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00544-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00544-X"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_081_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac81Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reich R, Miskin R, Tsafriri A. Follicular plasminogen activator: involvement in ovulation. Endocrinology 1985;116:516\u201321.10.1210\/endo-116-2-5163917902","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-116-2-516"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_082_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac82Aa","unstructured":"Speroff L, Glass RH, Kase NG. Regulation of the menstrual cycle. In: Speroff L, Glass RH, Kase NG, editors. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999:201\u201346."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_083_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac83Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsafriri A, Reich R. Molecular aspects of mammalian ovulation. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999;107:1\u201311.10.1055\/s-0029-121206610077349","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1212066"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_084_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac84Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zelinski-Wooten MB, Hutchison JS, Chandrasekher YA, Wolf DP, Stouffer RL. Administration of human luteinizing hormone (hLH) to macaques after follicular development: further titration of LH surge requirements for ovulatory changes in primate follicles. J Clin Endocr Metab 1992;75:502\u20137.10.1210\/jcem.75.2.1639951","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.75.2.1639951"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_085_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac85Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanna MD, Chizen DR, Pierson RA. Characteristics of follicular evacuation during human ovulation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1994;4:488\u201393.10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1994.04060488.x12797130","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1994.04060488.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_086_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac86Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinuk SD, Chizen DR, Pierson RA. Ultrasonographic morphology of the human preovulatory follicle wall prior to ovulation. Clin Anat 1992;5:339\u201352.10.1002\/ca.980050502","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980050502"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_087_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac87Aa","unstructured":"Espey LL, Lipner H. Ovulation. In: Knobil E, Neill JD, editors. The physiology of reproduction. New York: Ravin Press, 1994:725\u201380."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_088_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac88Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker TG. A quantitative and cytological study of germ cells in human ovaries. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1963;158:417\u201333.10.1098\/rspb.1963.0055","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1963.0055"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_089_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac89Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espey LL. Ultrastructure of the apex of the rabbit graafian follicle during the ovulatory process. Endocrinology 1967;81:267\u201376.10.1210\/endo-81-2-267","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-81-2-267"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_090_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac90Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chabbert Buffet N, Djakoure C, Maitre SC, Bouchard P. Regulation of the human menstrual cycle. Front Neuroendocrin 1998;19:151\u201386.10.1006\/frne.1998.0167","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.1998.0167"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_091_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac91Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fritz MA, Speroff L. The endocrinology of the menstrual cycle: the interaction of folliculogenesis and neuroendocrine mechanisms. Fertil Steril 1982;38:509\u201329.10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)46628-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)46628-8"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_092_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac92Aa","unstructured":"Stouffer RL. Corpus luteum formation and demise. In: Adashi EY, Rock J, Rosenwaks Z, editors. Reproductive endocrinology, surgery, and technology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1996:251\u201369."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_093_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac93Aa","unstructured":"Zeleznik AJ, Luteinization. In: Knobil E, Neill JD, editors. Encyclopedia of reproduction. San Diego: Academic Press, 1999:1076\u201383."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_094_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac94Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierson RA, Ginther OJ. Ultrasonic evaluation of the corpus luteum of the mare. Theriogenology 1985;23:795\u2013806.10.1016\/0093-691X(85)90155-4","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(85)90155-4"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_095_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac95Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baerwald AR, Adams GP, Pierson RA. Form and function of the corpus luteum during the human menstrual cycle. Ultrasound Obst Gyn 2005;25:498\u2013507.10.1002\/uog.1891288211615846762","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1891"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_096_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac96Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyazaki T, Tanaka M, Miyakoshi K, Minegishi K, Kasai K, Yoshimura Y. Power and colour Doppler ultrasonography for the evaluation of the vasculature of the human corpus luteum. Hum Reprod 1998;13:2836\u201341.10.1093\/humrep\/13.10.28369804242","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.10.2836"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_097_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac97Aa","unstructured":"Backstrom T, Nakata M, Pierson R. Ultrasonography of normal and aberrant luteogenesis. In: Jaffe R, Pierson R, Abramowicz J. editors. Imaging in infertility and reproductive endocrinology. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1994:143\u201354."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_098_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac98Aa","unstructured":"Standring S. Female reproductive system. In: Standring S, Borley NR, Gray H, editors. Gray\u2019s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2005:1279\u2013304."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_099_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ac99Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levi CS, Lyons EA, Holt SC, Dashefsky SM. Normal anatomy of the female pelvis and transvaginal sonography. In: Callen PW, editor. Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2008:887\u2013918.10.1016\/B978-1-4160-3264-9.50030-6","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-3264-9.50030-6"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_100_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad100Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wade GN, Schneider JE, Li HY. Control of fertility by metabolic cues. Am J Physiol 1996;270(1 Pt 1):E1\u201319.10.1152\/ajpendo.1996.270.1.E18772468","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1996.270.1.E1"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_101_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad101Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza MJ, Toombs RJ, Scheid JL, E. O\u2019Donnell, West SL, Williams NI. High prevalence of subtle and severe menstrual disturbances in exercising women: confirmation using daily hormone measures. Hum Reprod 2010;25:491\u2013503.10.1093\/humrep\/dep41119945961","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep411"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_102_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad102Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza MJ. Menstrual disturbances in athletes: a focus on luteal phase defects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:1553\u201363.10.1249\/01.MSS.0000084530.31478.DF12972877","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000084530.31478.DF"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_103_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad103Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza MJ, Miller BE, Loucks AB, Luciano AA, Pescatello LS, Campbell CG, Lasley BL. High frequency of luteal phase deficiency and anovulation in recreational women runners: blunted elevation in follicle-stimulating hormone observed during luteal-follicular transition. J Clin Endocr Metab 1998;83:4220\u201332.10.1210\/jc.83.12.4220","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.12.4220"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_104_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad104Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soules MR, McLachlan RI, Ek M, Dahl KD, Cohen NL, Bremner WJ. Luteal phase deficiency: characterization of reproductive hormones over the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocr Metab 1989;69:804\u201312.10.1210\/jcem-69-4-8042506214","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-69-4-804"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_105_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad105Aa","unstructured":"Bopp B, Shoupe D. Luteal phase defects. J Reprod Med 1993;38:348\u201356."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_106_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad106Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awdishu S, Williams NI, Laredo SE, De Souza MJ. Oligomenorrhoea in exercising women: a polycystic ovarian syndrome phenotype or distinct entity? Sports Med 2009;39:1055\u201369.10.2165\/11317910-000000000-0000019902985","DOI":"10.2165\/11317910-000000000-00000"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_107_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad107Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palomba S, Santagni S, Falbo A, La Sala GB. Complications and challenges associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: current perspectives. Int J Womens Health 2015;7:745\u201363.10.2147\/IJWH.S70314452756626261426","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S70314"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_108_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad108Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azziz R. Controversy in clinical endocrinology: diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome: the Rotterdam criteria are premature. J Clin Endocr Metab 2006;91:781\u20135.10.1210\/jc.2005-215316418211","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2153"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_109_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad109Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sum M, Warren MP. Hypothalamic amenorrhea in young women with underlying polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2009;92:2106\u20138.10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.05.06319589515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.05.063"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_110_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad110Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Current evaluation of amenorrhea. Fertil Steril 2008;90(5 Suppl):S219\u201325.10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.03819007635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.038"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_111_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad111Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang JG, Lobo RA. The complex relationship between hypothalamic amenorrhea and polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocr Metab 2008;93:1394\u20137.10.1210\/jc.2007-171618230664","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1716"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_112_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad112Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Group, R.E.A.-S.P.c.w., Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod 2004;19:41\u20137.10.1093\/humrep\/deh09814688154","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_113_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad113Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattle V, Bilgyicildirim A, Hadziomerovic D, Ott HW, Zervomanolakis I, Leyendecker G, Wildt L. Polycystic ovarian disease unmasked by pulsatile GnRH therapy in a subgroup of women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. Fertil Steril 2008;89:404\u20139.10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.02.06317583701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.02.063"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_114_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad114Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Constantini NW, Warren MP. Menstrual dysfunction in swimmers: a distinct entity. J Clin Endocr Metab 1995;80:2740\u20134.10.1210\/jcem.80.9.7673417","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.9.7673417"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_115_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad115Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rickenlund A, Eriksson MJ, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Hirschberg AL. Amenorrhea in female athletes is associated with endothelial dysfunction and unfavorable lipid profile. J Clin Endocr Metab 2005;90:1354\u20139.10.1210\/jc.2004-128615572426","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1286"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_116_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad116Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rickenlund A, Thoren M, Carlstrom K, von Schoultz B, Hirschberg AL. Diurnal profiles of testosterone and pituitary hormones suggest different mechanisms for menstrual disturbances in endurance athletes. J Clin Endocr Metab 2004;89:702\u20137.10.1210\/jc.2003-030306","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030306"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_117_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad117Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer K, Rosenthal A, Kasa-Vubu JZ. Elevated testosterone and hypergonadotropism in active adolescents of normal weight with oligomenorrhea. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2009;22:323\u20137.10.1016\/j.jpag.2008.12.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2008.12.010"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_118_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad118Aa","unstructured":"Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. text rev. ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2000."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_119_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad119Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller KK, Grinspoon S, Gleysteen S, Grieco KA, Ciampa J, Breu J, Herzog DB, Klibanski A. Preservation of neuroendocrine control of reproductive function despite severe undernutrition. J Clin Endocr Metab 2004;89:4434\u20138.10.1210\/jc.2004-0720","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0720"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_120_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad120Aa","unstructured":"Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psyciatric Publishing, 2013."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_121_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad121Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loucks AB, Thuma JR. Luteinizing hormone pulsatility is disrupted at a threshold of energy availability in regularly menstruating women. J Clin Endocr Metab 2003;88:297\u2013311.10.1210\/jc.2002-020369","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020369"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_122_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad122Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Brian JT, Bybee DE, Burman KD, Osburne RC, Ksiazek MR, Wartofsky L, Georges LP. Thyroid hormone homeostasis in states of relative caloric deprivation. Metabolism 1980;29:721\u20137.10.1016\/0026-0495(80)90193-6","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(80)90193-6"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_123_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad123Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Myerson M, Gutin B, Warren MP, May MT, Contento I, Lee M, Pi-Sunyer FX, Pierson RN Jr, Brooks-Gunn J. Resting metabolic rate and energy balance in amenorrheic and eumenorrheic runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1991;23:15\u201322.10.1249\/00005768-199101000-00004","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199101000-00004"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_124_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad124Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loucks AB, Callister R. Induction and prevention of low-T3 syndrome in exercising women. Am J Physiol 1993;264(5 Pt 2):R924\u201330.10.1152\/ajpregu.1993.264.5.R9248498602","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1993.264.5.R924"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_125_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad125Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laughlin GA, Dominguez CE, Yen SS. Nutritional and endocrine-metabolic aberrations in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. J Clin Endocr Metab 1998;83:25\u201332.10.1210\/jc.83.1.25","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.1.25"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_126_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad126Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laughlin GA, Yen SS. Nutritional and endocrine-metabolic aberrations in amenorrheic athletes. J Clin Endocr Metab 1996;81:4301\u20139.10.1210\/jcem.81.12.8954031","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.12.8954031"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_127_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad127Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laughlin GA, Yen SS. Hypoleptinemia in women athletes: absence of a diurnal rhythm with amenorrhea. J Clin Endocr Metab 1997;82:318\u201321.10.1210\/jcem.82.1.38408989281","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.1.318"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_128_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad128Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza MJ, Maguire MS, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ, Rubin KR, Loucks AB. Adrenal activation and the prolactin response to exercise in eumenorrheic and amenorrheic runners. J Appl Physiol 1991;70:2378\u201387.10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.6.23781653206","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.6.2378"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_129_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad129Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loucks AB, Mortola JF, Girton L, Yen SS. Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes in athletic women. J Clin Endocr Metab 1989;68:402\u201311.10.1210\/jcem-68-2-4022537332","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-68-2-402"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_130_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad130Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheid JL, Williams NI, West SL, VanHeest JL, De Souza MJ. Elevated PYY is associated with energy deficiency and indices of subclinical disordered eating in exercising women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. Appetite 2009;52:184\u201392.10.1016\/j.appet.2008.09.01618929607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2008.09.016"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_131_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad131Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza MJ, Leidy HJ, O\u2019Donnell E, Lasley B, Williams NI. Fasting ghrelin levels in physically active women: relationship with menstrual disturbances and metabolic hormones. J Clin Endocr Metab 2004;89:3536\u201342.10.1210\/jc.2003-03200715240643","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032007"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_132_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad132Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyar RM, Katz J, Finkelstein JW, Kapen S, Weiner H, Weitzman ED, Hellman L. Anorexia nervosa. Immaturity of the 24-hour luteinizing hormone secretory pattern. N Engl J Med 1974;291:861\u20135.10.1056\/NEJM1974102429117014412035","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197410242911701"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_133_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad133Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veldhuis JD, Evans WS, Demers LM, Thorner MO, Wakat D, Rogol AD. Altered neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotropin secretion in women distance runners. J Clin Endocr Metab 1985;61:557\u201363.10.1210\/jcem-61-3-5573926810","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-61-3-557"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_134_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad134Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loucks AB, Heath EM. Dietary restriction reduces luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency during waking hours and increases LH pulse amplitude during sleep in young menstruating women. J Clin Endocr Metab 1994;78:910\u20135.10.1210\/jc.78.4.910","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.78.4.910"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_135_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad135Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watanabe M, Fukuda A, Nabekura J. The role of GABA in the regulation of GnRH neurons. Front Neurosci 2014;8:387.10.3389\/fnins.2014.00387424666725506316","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00387"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_136_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad136Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donoso AO, Lopez FJ, Negro-Vilar A. Cross-talk between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion. Endocrinology 1992;131:1559\u201361.10.1210\/endo.131.3.13546061354606","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.131.3.1354606"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_137_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad137Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodman RL, Lehman MN, Smith JT, Coolen LM, de Oliveira CV, Jafarzadehshirazi MR, Pereira A, Iqbal J, Caraty A, Ciofi P, Clarke IJ. Kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the ewe express both dynorphin A and neurokinin B. Endocrinology 2007;148:5752\u201360.10.1210\/en.2007-096117823266","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0961"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_138_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad138Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hrabovszky E, Ciofi P, Vida B, Horvath MC, Keller E, Caraty A, Bloom SR, Ghatei MA, Dhillo WS, Liposits Z, Kallo I. The kisspeptin system of the human hypothalamus: sexual dimorphism and relationship with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and neurokinin B neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2010;31:1984\u201398.10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07239.x20529119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07239.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_139_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad139Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leranth C, MacLusky NJ, Sakamoto H, Shanabrough M, Naftolin F. Glutamic acid decarboxylase-containing axons synapse on LHRH neurons in the rat medial preoptic area. Neuroendocrinology 1985;40:536\u20139.10.1159\/0001241273892354","DOI":"10.1159\/000124127"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_140_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad140Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skorupskaite K, George JT, Anderson RA. The kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in human reproductive health and disease. Hum Reprod Update 2014;20:485\u2013500.10.1093\/humupd\/dmu009406370224615662","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu009"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_141_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad141Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weigle DS, Duell PB, Connor WE, Steiner RA, Soules MR, Kuijper JL. Effect of fasting, refeeding, and dietary fat restriction on plasma leptin levels. J Clin Endocr Metab 1997;82:561\u20135.10.1210\/jc.82.2.561","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.2.561"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_142_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad142Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farooqi IS, O\u2019Rahilly S. Leptin: a pivotal regulator of human energy homeostasis. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:980S\u20134.10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26788C19211814","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26788C"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_143_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad143Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loucks AB, Verdun M, Heath EM. Low energy availability, not stress of exercise, alters LH pulsatility in exercising women. J Appl Physiol 1998;84:37\u201346.10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.1.379451615","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.1.37"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_144_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad144Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider JE. Energy balance and reproduction. Physiol Behav 2004;81:289\u2013317.10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.02.00715159173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.02.007"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_145_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad145Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Welt CK, Chan JL, Bullen J, Murphy R, Smith P, DePaoli AM, Karalis A, Mantzoros CS. Recombinant human leptin in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. N Engl J Med 2004;351:987\u201397.10.1056\/NEJMoa04038815342807","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040388"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_146_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad146Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christian CA, Moenter SM. Estradiol induces diurnal shifts in GABA transmission to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons to provide a neural signal for ovulation. J Neurosci 2007;27:1913\u201321.10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4738-06.2007667355517314287","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4738-06.2007"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_147_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad147Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunningham MJ, Clifton DK, Steiner RA. Leptin\u2019s actions on the reproductive axis: perspectives and mechanisms. Biol Reprod 1999;60:216\u201322.10.1095\/biolreprod60.2.2169915984","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod60.2.216"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_148_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad148Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curran-Rauhut MA, Petersen SL. Regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and 67 gene expression by ovarian steroids: identification of two functionally distinct populations of GABA neurones in the preoptic area. J Neuroendocrinol 2002;14:310\u20137.10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2002.00780.x11963828","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2002.00780.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_149_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad149Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez-Fernandez R, Martini AC, Navarro VM, Castellano JM, Dieguez C, Aguilar E, Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M. Novel signals for the integration of energy balance and reproduction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006;254\u2013255:127\u201332.10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.02616759792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.026"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_150_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad150Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quennell JH, Mulligan AC, Tups A, Liu X, Phipps SJ, Kemp CJ, Herbison AE, Grattan DR, Anderson GM. Leptin indirectly regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal function. Endocrinology 2009;150:2805\u201312.10.1210\/en.2008-1693273228719179437","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1693"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_151_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad151Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith JT, Cunningham MJ, Rissman EF, Clifton DK, Steiner RA. Regulation of Kiss1 gene expression in the brain of the female mouse. Endocrinology 2005;146:3686\u201392.10.1210\/en.2005-048815919741","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0488"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_152_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad152Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christian CA, Moenter SM. The neurobiology of preovulatory and estradiol-induced gonadotropin-releasing hormone surges. Endocr Rev 2010;31:544\u201377.10.1210\/er.2009-0023336584720237240","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0023"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_153_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad153Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinilla L, Aguilar E, Dieguez C, Millar RP, Tena-Sempere M. Kisspeptins and reproduction: physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms. Physiol Rev 2012;92:1235\u2013316.10.1152\/physrev.00037.201022811428","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00037.2010"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_154_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad154Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan YM, Butler JP, Sidhoum VF, Pinnell NE, Seminara SB. Kisspeptin administration to women: a window into endogenous kisspeptin secretion and GnRH responsiveness across the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocr Metab 2012;97:E1458\u201367.10.1210\/jc.2012-1282341026122577171","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1282"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_155_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad155Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhillo WS, Chaudhri OB, Thompson EL, Murphy KG, Patterson M, Ramachandran R, Nijher GK, Amber V, Kokkinos A, Donaldson M, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Kisspeptin-54 stimulates gonadotropin release most potently during the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle in women. J Clin Endocr Metab 2007;92:3958\u201366.10.1210\/jc.2007-111617635940","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1116"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_156_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad156Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George JT, Anderson RA, Millar RP. Kisspeptin-10 stimulation of gonadotrophin secretion in women is modulated by sex steroid feedback. Hum Reprod 2012;27:3552\u20139.10.1093\/humrep\/des32622956346","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des326"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_157_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad157Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayasena CN, Abbara A, Veldhuis JD, Comninos AN, Ratnasabapathy R, De Silva A, Nijher GM, Ganiyu-Dada Z, Mehta A, Todd C, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Dhillo WS. Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of Kisspeptin-54. J Clin Endocr Metab 2014;99:E953\u201361.10.1210\/jc.2013-1569420792724517142","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1569"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_158_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad158Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayasena CN, Comninos AN, Nijher GM, Abbara A, De Silva A, Veldhuis JD, Ratnasabapathy R, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Lim A, Patel DA, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Dhillo WS. Twice-daily subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 does not abolish menstrual cyclicity in healthy female volunteers. J Clin Endocr Metab 2013;98:4464\u201374.10.1210\/jc.2013-1069411185324030945","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1069"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_159_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad159Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayasena CN, Comninos AN, Veldhuis JD, Misra S, Abbara A, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Donaldson M, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Dhillo WS. A single injection of kisspeptin-54 temporarily increases luteinizing hormone pulsatility in healthy women. Clin Endocrinol 2013;79:558\u201363.10.1111\/cen.1217923452073","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12179"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_160_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad160Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayasena CN, Nijher GM, Abbara A, Murphy KG, Lim A, Patel D, Mehta A, Todd C, Donaldson M, Trew GH, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Dhillo WS. Twice-weekly administration of kisspeptin-54 for 8 weeks stimulates release of reproductive hormones in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010;88:840\u20137.10.1038\/clpt.2010.20420980998","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.204"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_161_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad161Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayasena CN, Nijher GM, Chaudhri OB, Murphy KG, Ranger A, Lim A, Patel D, Mehta A, Todd C, Ramachandran R, Salem V, Stamp GW, Donaldson M, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Dhillo WS. Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis. J Clin Endocr Metab 2009;94:4315\u201323.10.1210\/jc.2009-040619820030","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0406"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_162_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad162Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castellano JM, Navarro VM, Fernandez-Fernandez R, Nogueiras R, Tovar S, Roa J, Vazquez MJ, Vigo E, Casanueva FF, Aguilar E, Pinilla L, Dieguez C, Tena-Sempere M. Changes in hypothalamic KiSS-1 system and restoration of pubertal activation of the reproductive axis by kisspeptin in undernutrition. Endocrinology 2005;146:3917\u201325.10.1210\/en.2005-033715932928","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0337"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_163_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad163Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castellano JM,Tena-Sempere M. Metabolic regulation of kisspeptin. Adv Exp Med Biol 2013;784:363\u201383.10.1007\/978-1-4614-6199-9_1723550015","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6199-9_17"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_164_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad164Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luque RM, Kineman RD,Tena-Sempere M. Regulation of hypothalamic expression of KiSS-1 and GPR54 genes by metabolic factors: analyses using mouse models and a cell line. Endocrinology 2007;148:4601\u201311.10.1210\/en.2007-050017595226","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0500"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_165_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad165Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith JT, Acohido BV, Clifton DK, Steiner RA. KiSS-1 neurones are direct targets for leptin in the ob\/ob mouse. J Neuroendocrinol 2006;18:298\u2013303.10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2006.01417.x16503925","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2006.01417.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_166_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad166Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Backholer K, Smith JT, Rao A, Pereira A, Iqbal J, Ogawa S, Li Q, Clarke IJ. Kisspeptin cells in the ewe brain respond to leptin and communicate with neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin cells. Endocrinology 2010;151:2233\u201343.10.1210\/en.2009-119020207832","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1190"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_167_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad167Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams NI, Young JC, McArthur JW, Bullen B, Skrinar GS, Turnbull B. Strenuous exercise with caloric restriction: effect on luteinizing hormone secretion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27:1390\u20138.10.1249\/00005768-199510000-00007","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199510000-00007"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_168_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad168Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheid JL, De Souza MJ, Hill BR, Leidy HJ, Williams NI. Decreased luteinizing hormone pulse frequency is associated with elevated 24-hour ghrelin after calorie restriction and exercise in premenopausal women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013;304:E109\u201316.10.1152\/ajpendo.00360.2012354353523115078","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00360.2012"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_169_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad169Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mortimer CH, Besser GM, McNeilly AS, Marshall JC, Harsoulis P, Tunbridge WM, Gomez-Pan A, Hall R. Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone-releasing hormone test in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction. Br Med J 1973;4:73\u20137.10.1136\/bmj.4.5884.7315872044583182","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5884.73"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_170_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad170Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Travaglini P, Beck-Peccoz P, Ferrari C, Ambrosi B, Paracchi A, Severgnini A, Spada A, Faglia G. Some aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary function in patients with anorexia nervosa. Acta Endocrinol 1976;81:252\u201362.10.1530\/acta.0.0810252813472","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0810252"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_171_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad171Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheid JL, Toombs RJ, Ducher G, Gibbs JC, Williams NI, De Souza MJ. Estrogen and peptide YY are associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal exercising women. Bone 2011;49:194\u2013201.10.1016\/j.bone.2011.04.01121549231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.04.011"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_172_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad172Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poehlman ET. A review: exercise and its influence on resting energy metabolism in man. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1989;21:515\u201325.10.1249\/00005768-198910000-00005","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198910000-00005"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_173_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad173Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza MJ, West SL, Jamal SA, Hawker GA, Gundberg CM, Williams NI. The presence of both an energy deficiency and estrogen deficiency exacerbate alterations of bone metabolism in exercising women. Bone 2008;43:140\u20138.10.1016\/j.bone.2008.03.01318486582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.03.013"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_174_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad174Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosmiski L, Schmiege SJ, Mascolo M, Gaudiani J, Mehler PS. Chronic starvation secondary to anorexia nervosa is associated with an adaptive suppression of resting energy expenditure. J Clin Endocr Metab 2014;99:908\u201314.10.1210\/jc.2013-1694394223024302748","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1694"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_175_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad175Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obarzanek E, Lesem MD, Jimerson DC. Resting metabolic rate of anorexia nervosa patients during weight gain. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:666\u201375.10.1093\/ajcn\/60.5.6667942571","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.5.666"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_176_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad176Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polito A, Fabbri A, Ferro-Luzzi A, Cuzzolaro M, Censi L, Ciarapica D, Fabbrini E, Giannini D. Basal metabolic rate in anorexia nervosa: relation to body composition and leptin concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1495\u2013502.10.1093\/ajcn\/71.6.149510837290","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.6.1495"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_177_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad177Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konrad KK, Carels RA, Garner DM. Metabolic and psychological changes during refeeding in anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord 2007;12:20\u20136.10.1007\/BF0332776817384526","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327768"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_178_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad178Aa","unstructured":"Melchior JC, Rigaud D, Rozen R, Malon D, Apfelbaum M. Energy expenditure economy induced by decrease in lean body mass in anorexia nervosa. Eur J Clin Nutr 1989;43:793\u20139."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_179_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad179Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrett EJ. The thyroid gland. In: Boron WF, Boulpaep EL, editors. Medical physiology. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2012:1044\u20136.10.1016\/B978-1-4160-3115-4.50052-4","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-3115-4.50052-4"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_180_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad180Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danforth E Jr, Burger AG. The impact of nutrition on thyroid hormone physiology and action. Annu Rev Nutr 1989;9:201\u201327.10.1146\/annurev.nu.09.070189.0012212669870","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.09.070189.001221"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_181_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad181Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burger AG, Berger M, Wimpfheimer K, Danforth E. Interrelationships between energy metabolism and thyroid hormone metabolism during starvation in the rat. Acta Endocrinol 1980;93:322\u201331.10.1530\/acta.0.09303226445670","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0930322"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_182_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad182Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenbaum M, Hirsch J, Murphy E, Leibel RL. Effects of changes in body weight on carbohydrate metabolism, catecholamine excretion, and thyroid function. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1421\u201332.10.1093\/ajcn\/71.6.1421","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.6.1421"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_183_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad183Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wimpfheimer C, Saville E, Voirol MJ, Danforth E Jr, Burger AG. Starvation-induced decreased sensitivity of resting metabolic rate to triiodothyronine. Science 1979;205:1272\u20133.10.1126\/science.224460","DOI":"10.1126\/science.224460"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_184_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad184Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loucks AB, Heath EM. Induction of low-T3 syndrome in exercising women occurs at a threshold of energy availability. Am J Physiol 1994;266(3 Pt 2):R817\u201323.10.1152\/ajpregu.1994.266.3.R817","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1994.266.3.R817"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_185_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad185Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyai K, Yamamoto T, Azukizawa M, Ishibashi K, Kumahara Y. Serum thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocr Metab 1975;40:334\u20138.10.1210\/jcem-40-2-334","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-40-2-334"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_186_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad186Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moshang T Jr, Parks JS, Baker L, Vaidya V, Utiger RD, Bongiovanni AM, Snyder PJ. Low serum triiodothyronine in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocr Metab 1975;40:470\u20133.10.1210\/jcem-40-3-470","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-40-3-470"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_187_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad187Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warren MP, Vande Wiele RL. Clinical and metabolic features of anorexia nervosa. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973;117:435\u201349.10.1016\/0002-9378(73)90053-7","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(73)90053-7"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_188_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad188Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wakeling A, de Souza VF, Gore MB, Sabur M, Kingstone D, Boss AM. Amenorrhoea, body weight and serum hormone concentrations, with particular reference to prolactin and thyroid hormones in anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1979;9:265\u201372.10.1017\/S0033291700030750112613","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700030750"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_189_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad189Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onur S, Haas V, Bosy-Westphal A, Hauer M, Paul T, Nutzinger D, Klein H, Muller MJ. L-tri-iodothyronine is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure in underweight patients with anorexia nervosa and during weight gain. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;152:179\u201384.10.1530\/eje.1.0185015745923","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01850"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_190_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad190Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaufman BA, Warren MP, Dominguez JE, Wang J, Heymsfield SB, Pierson RN. Bone density and amenorrhea in ballet dancers are related to a decreased resting metabolic rate and lower leptin levels. J Clin Endocr Metab 2002;87:2777\u201383.10.1210\/jcem.87.6.856512050250","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8565"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_191_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad191Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michaud P, Foradori A, Rodriguez-Portales JA, Arteaga E, Lopez JM, Tellez R. A prepubertal surge of thyrotropin precedes an increase in thyroxine and 3,5,3\u2032-triiodothyronine in normal children. J Clin Endocr Metab 1991;72:976\u201381.10.1210\/jcem-72-5-9762022717","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-5-976"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_192_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad192Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loucks AB, Laughlin GA, Mortola JF, Girton L, Nelson JC, Yen SS. Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidal function in eumenorrheic and amenorrheic athletes. J Clin Endocr Metab 1992;75:514\u20138.10.1210\/jcem.75.2.1639953","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.75.2.1639953"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_193_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad193Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bannai C, Kuzuya N, Koide Y, Fujita T, Itakura M, Kawai K, Yamashita K. Assessment of the relationship between serum thyroid hormone levels and peripheral metabolism in patients with anorexia nervosa. Endocrinol Japon 1988;35:455\u201362.10.1507\/endocrj1954.35.455","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj1954.35.455"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_194_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad194Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huda MS, Wilding JP, Pinkney JH. Gut peptides and the regulation of appetite. Obes Rev 2006;7:163\u201382.10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2006.00245.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2006.00245.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_195_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad195Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez-Fernandez R, Tena-Sempere M, Navarro VM, Barreiro ML, Castellano JM, Aguilar E, Pinilla L. Effects of ghrelin upon gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin secretion in adult female rats: in vivo and in vitro studies. Neuroendocrinology 2005;82:245\u201355.10.1159\/000092753","DOI":"10.1159\/000092753"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_196_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad196Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kluge M, Schussler P, Uhr M, Yassouridis A, Steiger A. Ghrelin suppresses secretion of luteinizing hormone in humans. J Clin Endocr Metab 2007;92:3202\u20135.10.1210\/jc.2007-0593","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0593"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_197_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad197Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanfranco F, Bonelli L, Baldi M, Me E, Broglio F, Ghigo E. Acylated ghrelin inhibits spontaneous luteinizing hormone pulsatility and responsiveness to naloxone but not that to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in young men: evidence for a central inhibitory action of ghrelin on the gonadal axis. J Clin Endocr Metab 2008;93:3633\u20139.10.1210\/jc.2008-0049","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0049"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_198_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad198Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Messini CI, Dafopoulos K, Chalvatzas N, Georgoulias P, Messinis IE. Effect of ghrelin on gonadotrophin secretion in women during the menstrual cycle. Hum Reprod 2009;24:976\u201381.10.1093\/humrep\/den458","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den458"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_199_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad199Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navarro VM, Kaiser UB. Metabolic influences on neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2013;20:335\u201341.10.1097\/MED.0b013e32836318ce","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e32836318ce"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_200_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad200Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vulliemoz NR, Xiao E, Xia-Zhang L, Germond M, Rivier J, Ferin M. Decrease in luteinizing hormone pulse frequency during a five-hour peripheral ghrelin infusion in the ovariectomized rhesus monkey. J Clin Endocr Metab 2004;89:5718\u201323.10.1210\/jc.2004-1244","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1244"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_201_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad201Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowley MA, Smith RG, Diano S, Tschop M, Pronchuk N, Grove KL, Strasburger CJ, Bidlingmaier M, Esterman M, Heiman ML, Garcia-Segura LM, Nillni EA, Mendez P, Low MJ, Sotonyi P, Friedman JM, Liu H, Pinto S, Colmers WF, Cone RD, Horvath TL. The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis. Neuron 2003;37:649\u201361.10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00063-1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00063-1"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_202_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad202Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 1999;402:656\u201360.10.1038\/4523010604470","DOI":"10.1038\/45230"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_203_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad203Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakazato M, Murakami N, Date Y, Kojima M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K, Matsukura S. A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding. Nature 2001;409:194\u20138.10.1038\/35051587","DOI":"10.1038\/35051587"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_204_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad204Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cummings DE, Frayo RS, Marmonier C, Aubert R, Chapelot D. Plasma ghrelin levels and hunger scores in humans initiating meals voluntarily without time- and food-related cues. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004;287:E297\u2013304.10.1152\/ajpendo.00582.2003","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00582.2003"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_205_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad205Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cummings DE, Purnell JQ, Frayo RS, Schmidova K, Wisse BE, Weigle DS. A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans. Diabetes 2001;50:1714\u20139.10.2337\/diabetes.50.8.1714","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.8.1714"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_206_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad206Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St-Pierre DH, Faraj M, Karelis AD, Conus F, Henry JF, St-Onge M, Tremblay-Lebeau A, Cianflone K, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Lifestyle behaviours and components of energy balance as independent predictors of ghrelin and adiponectin in young non-obese women. Diabetes Metab 2006;32:131\u20139.10.1016\/S1262-3636(07)70259-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(07)70259-8"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_207_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad207Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tschop M, Wawarta R, Riepl RL, Friedrich S, Bidlingmaier M, Landgraf R, Folwaczny C. Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2001;24:RC19\u201321.10.1007\/BF03351037","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03351037"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_208_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad208Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez-Castro P, Isidro ML, Garcia-Buela J, Leal-Cerro A, Broglio F, Tassone F, Ghigo E, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF, Cordido F. Marked GH secretion after ghrelin alone or combined with GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in obese patients. Clin Endocrinol 2004;61:250\u20135.10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02092.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02092.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_209_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad209Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arvat E, Maccario M, Di Vito L, Broglio F, Benso A, Gottero C, Papotti M, Muccioli G, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF, Deghenghi R, Camanni F, Ghigo E. Endocrine activities of ghrelin, a natural growth hormone secretagogue (GHS), in humans: comparison and interactions with hexarelin, a nonnatural peptidyl GHS, and GH-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocr Metab 2001;86:1169\u201374.10.1210\/jc.86.3.1169","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.3.1169"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_210_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad210Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dickson SL, Luckman SM. Induction of c-fos messenger ribonucleic acid in neuropeptide Y and growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus following systemic injection of the GH secretagogue, GH-releasing peptide-6. Endocrinology 1997;138:771\u20137.10.1210\/endo.138.2.4907","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.2.4907"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_211_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad211Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan XM, Yu H, Palyha OC, McKee KK, Feighner SD, Sirinathsinghji DJ, Smith RG, Van der Ploeg LH, Howard AD. Distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in brain and peripheral tissues. Brain research Mol Brain Res 1997;48:23\u20139.10.1016\/S0169-328X(97)00071-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(97)00071-5"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_212_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad212Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamegai J, Tamura H, Shimizu T, Ishii S, Sugihara H, Wakabayashi I. Chronic central infusion of ghrelin increases hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related protein mRNA levels and body weight in rats. Diabetes 2001;50:2438\u201343.10.2337\/diabetes.50.11.243811679419","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.11.2438"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_213_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad213Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willesen MG, Kristensen P, Romer J. Co-localization of growth hormone secretagogue receptor and NPY mRNA in the arcuate nucleus of the rat. Neuroendocrinology 1999;70:306\u201316.10.1159\/000054491","DOI":"10.1159\/000054491"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_214_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad214Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wren AM, Bloom SR. Gut hormones and appetite control. Gastroenterology 2007;132:2116\u201330.10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.048","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.048"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_215_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad215Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grandt D, Schimiczek M, Beglinger C, Layer P, Goebell H, Eysselein VE, Reeve JR Jr. Two molecular forms of peptide YY (PYY) are abundant in human blood: characterization of a radioimmunoassay recognizing PYY 1\u201336 and PYY 3\u201336. Regul Peptides 1994;51:151\u20139.10.1016\/0167-0115(94)90204-6","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-0115(94)90204-6"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_216_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad216Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grandt D, Schimiczek M, Struk K, Shively J, Eysselein VE, Goebell H, Reeve JR Jr. Characterization of two forms of peptide YY, PYY(1-36) and PYY(3-36), in the rabbit. Peptides 1994;15:815\u201320.10.1016\/0196-9781(94)90035-3","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(94)90035-3"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_217_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad217Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill JW, Elmquist JK, Elias CF. Hypothalamic pathways linking energy balance and reproduction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008;294:E827\u201332.10.1152\/ajpendo.00670.2007","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00670.2007"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_218_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad218Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budak E, Fernandez Sanchez M, Bellver J, Cervero A, Simon C, Pellicer A. Interactions of the hormones leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and PYY3\u201336 with the reproductive system. Fertil Steril 2006;85:1563\u201381.10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.09.065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.09.065"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_219_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad219Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra M, Miller KK, Kuo K, Griffin K, Stewart V, Hunter E, Herzog DB, Klibanski A. Secretory dynamics of ghrelin in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and healthy adolescents. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005;289:E347\u201356.10.1152\/ajpendo.00615.2004","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00615.2004"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_220_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad220Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra M, Miller KK, Tsai P, Gallagher K, Lin A, Lee N, Herzog DB, Klibanski A. Elevated peptide YY levels in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocr Metab 2006;91:1027\u201333.10.1210\/jc.2005-1878","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1878"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_221_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad221Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka M, Naruo T, Yasuhara D, Tatebe Y, Nagai N, Shiiya T, Nakazato M, Matsukura S, Nozoe S. Fasting plasma ghrelin levels in subtypes of anorexia nervosa. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003;28:829\u201335.10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00066-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00066-5"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_222_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad222Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tolle V, Kadem M, Bluet-Pajot MT, Frere D, Foulon C, Bossu C, Dardennes R, Mounier C, Zizzari P, Lang F, Epelbaum J, Estour B. Balance in ghrelin and leptin plasma levels in anorexia nervosa patients and constitutionally thin women. J Clin Endocr Metab 2003;88:109\u201316.10.1210\/jc.2002-02064512519838","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020645"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_223_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad223Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leidy HJ, Dougherty KA, Frye BR, Duke KM, Williams NI. Twenty-four-hour ghrelin is elevated after calorie restriction and exercise training in non-obese women. Obesity 2007;15:446\u201355.10.1038\/oby.2007.54217299118","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.542"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_224_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad224Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leidy HJ, Gardner JK, Frye BR, Snook ML, Schuchert MK, Richard EL, Williams NI. Circulating ghrelin is sensitive to changes in body weight during a diet and exercise program in normal-weight young women. J Clin Endocr Metab 2004;89:2659\u201364.10.1210\/jc.2003-03147115181038","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031471"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_225_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad225Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheid JL, De Souza MJ, Leidy HJ, Williams NI. Ghrelin but not peptide YY is related to change in body weight and energy availability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011;43:2063\u201371.10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821e52ab21502892","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821e52ab"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_226_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad226Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra M, Miller KK, Herzog DB, Ramaswamy K, Aggarwal A, Almazan C, Neubauer G, Breu J, Klibanski A. Growth hormone and ghrelin responses to an oral glucose load in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and controls. J Clin Endocr Metab 2004;89:1605\u201312.10.1210\/jc.2003-03186115070919","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031861"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_227_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad227Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christo K, Cord J, Mendes N, Miller KK, Goldstein MA, Klibanski A, Misra M. Acylated ghrelin and leptin in adolescent athletes with amenorrhea, eumenorrheic athletes and controls: a cross-sectional study. Clin Endocrinol 2008;69:628\u201333.10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03237.x320625918331605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03237.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_228_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad228Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider LF, Warren MP. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is associated with elevated ghrelin and disordered eating. Fertil Steril 2006;86:1744\u20139.10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.05.05117074331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.05.051"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_229_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad229Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakahara T, Kojima S, Tanaka M, Yasuhara D, Harada T, Sagiyama K, Muranaga T, Nagai N, Nakazato M, Nozoe S, Naruo T, Inui A. Incomplete restoration of the secretion of ghrelin and PYY compared to insulin after food ingestion following weight gain in anorexia nervosa. J Psychiat Res 2007;41:814\u201320.10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.07.02117054989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.07.021"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_230_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad230Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfluger PT, Kampe J, Castaneda TR, Vahl T, D\u2019Alessio DA, Kruthaupt T, Benoit SC, Cuntz U, Rochlitz HJ, Moehlig M, Pfeiffer AF, Koebnick C, Weickert MO, Otto B, Spranger J, Tschop MH. Effect of human body weight changes on circulating levels of peptide YY and peptide YY3\u201336. J Clin Endocr Metab 2007;92:583\u20138.10.1210\/jc.2006-142517119001","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1425"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_231_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad231Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"King JA, Miyashita M, Wasse LK, Stensel DJ. Influence of prolonged treadmill running on appetite, energy intake and circulating concentrations of acylated ghrelin. Appetite 2010;54:492\u20138.10.1016\/j.appet.2010.02.00220152871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2010.02.002"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_232_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad232Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"King NA, Caudwell PP, Hopkins M, Stubbs JR, Naslund E, Blundell JE. Dual-process action of exercise on appetite control: increase in orexigenic drive but improvement in meal-induced satiety. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:921\u20137.10.3945\/ajcn.2009.2770619675105","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27706"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_233_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad233Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins C, Morgan LM, Bloom SR, Robertson MD. Effects of exercise on gut peptides, energy intake and appetite. J Endocrinol 2007;193:251\u20138.10.1677\/JOE-06-0030","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-06-0030"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_234_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad234Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hubert P, King NA, Blundell JE. Uncoupling the effects of energy expenditure and energy intake: appetite response to short-term energy deficit induced by meal omission and physical activity. Appetite 1998;31:9\u201319.10.1006\/appe.1997.0148","DOI":"10.1006\/appe.1997.0148"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_235_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad235Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loucks AB, Kiens B, Wright HH. Energy availability in athletes. J Sport Sci 2011;29(Suppl 1):S7\u201315.10.1080\/02640414.2011.588958","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.588958"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_236_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad236Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horvath PJ, Eagen CK, Fisher NM, Leddy JJ, Pendergast DR. The effects of varying dietary fat on performance and metabolism in trained male and female runners. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:52\u201360.10.1080\/07315724.2000.10718914","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2000.10718914"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_237_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad237Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horvath PJ, Eagen CK, Ryer-Calvin SD, Pendergast DR. The effects of varying dietary fat on the nutrient intake in male and female runners. J Am Coll Nutrition 2000;19:42\u201351.10.1080\/07315724.2000.10718913","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2000.10718913"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_238_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad238Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stubbs RJ, Hughes DA, Johnstone AM, Whybrow S, Horgan GW, King N, Blundell J. Rate and extent of compensatory changes in energy intake and expenditure in response to altered exercise and diet composition in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004;286:R350\u20138.10.1152\/ajpregu.00196.2003","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00196.2003"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_239_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad239Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez-Fernandez R, Tena-Sempere M, Aguilar E, Pinilla L. Ghrelin effects on gonadotropin secretion in male and female rats. Neurosci Lett 2004;362:103\u20137.10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.03.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.03.003"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_240_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad240Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994;372:425\u201332.10.1038\/372425a0","DOI":"10.1038\/372425a0"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_241_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad241Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan JL, Mantzoros CS. Role of leptin in energy-deprivation states: normal human physiology and clinical implications for hypothalamic amenorrhoea and anorexia nervosa. Lancet 2005;366:74\u201385.10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66830-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66830-4"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_242_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad242Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, Kriauciunas A, Stephens TW, Nyce MR, Ohannesian JP, Marco CC, McKee LJ, Bauer TL, Caro JF. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N Engl J Med 1996;334:292\u20135.10.1056\/NEJM1996020133405038532024","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602013340503"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_243_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad243Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu E, Liang P, Spiegelman BM. AdipoQ is a novel adipose-specific gene dysregulated in obesity. J Biol Chem 1996;271:10697\u2013703.10.1074\/jbc.271.18.106978631877","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.18.10697"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_244_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad244Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maeda K, Okubo K, Shimomura I, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Matsubara K. cDNA cloning and expression of a novel adipose specific collagen-like factor, apM1 (AdiPose Most abundant Gene transcript 1). Biochem Biophy Res Co 1996;221:286\u20139.10.1006\/bbrc.1996.05878619847","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.0587"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_245_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad245Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakano Y, Tobe T, Choi-Miura NH, Mazda T, Tomita M. Isolation and characterization of GBP28, a novel gelatin-binding protein purified from human plasma. J Biochem 1996;120:803\u201312.10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a0214838947845","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021483"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_246_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad246Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scherer PE, Williams S, Fogliano M, Baldini G, Lodish HF. A novel serum protein similar to C1q, produced exclusively in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 1995;270:26746\u20139.10.1074\/jbc.270.45.267467592907","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.45.26746"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_247_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad247Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berg AH, Combs TP, Du X, Brownlee M, Scherer PE. The adipocyte-secreted protein Acrp30 enhances hepatic insulin action. Nat Med 2001;7:947\u201353.10.1038\/9099211479628","DOI":"10.1038\/90992"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_248_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad248Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Combs TP, Berg AH, Obici S, Scherer PE, Rossetti L. Endogenous glucose production is inhibited by the adipose-derived protein Acrp30. J Clin Invest 2001;108:1875\u201381.10.1172\/JCI1412020947411748271","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200114120"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_249_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad249Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang WS, Lee WJ, Funahashi T, Tanaka S, Matsuzawa Y, Chao CL, Chen CL, Tai TY, Chuang LM. Weight reduction increases plasma levels of an adipose-derived anti-inflammatory protein, adiponectin. J Clin Endocr Metab 2001;86:3815\u20139.10.1210\/jcem.86.8.774111502817","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.8.7741"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_250_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad250Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cambuli VM, Musiu MC, Incani M, Paderi M, Serpe R, Marras V, Cossu E, Cavallo MG, Mariotti S, Loche S, Baroni MG. Assessment of adiponectin and leptin as biomarkers of positive metabolic outcomes after lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese children. J Clin Endocr Metab 2008;93:3051\u20137.10.1210\/jc.2008-047618492759","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0476"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_251_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad251Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra M, Miller KK, Cord J, Prabhakaran R, Herzog DB, Goldstein M, Katzman DK, Klibanski A. Relationships between serum adipokines, insulin levels, and bone density in girls with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocr Metab 2007;92:2046\u201352.10.1210\/jc.2006-285517356044","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2855"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_252_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad252Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pannacciulli N, Bunt JC, Ortega E, Funahashi T, Salbe AD, Bogardus C, Krakoff J. Lower total fasting plasma adiponectin concentrations are associated with higher metabolic rates. J Clin Endocr Metab 2006;91:1600\u20133.10.1210\/jc.2005-2271157876016449334","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2271"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_253_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad253Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pannacciulli N, Vettor R, Milan G, Granzotto M, Catucci A, Federspil G, De Giacomo P, Giorgino R, De Pergola G. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by increased adiponectin plasma levels and reduced nonoxidative glucose metabolism. J Clin Endocr Metab 2003;88:1748\u201352.10.1210\/jc.2002-02121512679468","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021215"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_254_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad254Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morton GJ, Schwartz MW. The NPY\/AgRP neuron and energy homeostasis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001;25(Suppl 5):S56\u201362.10.1038\/sj.ijo.080191511840217","DOI":"10.1038\/sj\/ijo\/0801915"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_255_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad255Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans JJ, Anderson GM. Balancing ovulation and anovulation: integration of the reproductive and energy balance axes by neuropeptides. Hum Reprod Update 2012;18:313\u201332.10.1093\/humupd\/dms00422442260","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms004"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_256_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad256Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mantzoros CS. The role of leptin in human obesity and disease: a review of current evidence. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:671\u201380.10.7326\/0003-4819-130-8-199904200-0001410215564","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-8-199904200-00014"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_257_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad257Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bates SH, Stearns WH, Dundon TA, Schubert M, Tso AW, Wang Y, Banks AS, Lavery HJ, Haq AK, Maratos-Flier E, Neel BG, Schwartz MW, Myers MG Jr. STAT3 signalling is required for leptin regulation of energy balance but not reproduction. Nature 2003;421:856\u20139.10.1038\/nature0138812594516","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01388"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_258_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad258Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woods AJ, Stock MJ. Leptin activation in hypothalamus. Nature 1996;381:745.10.1038\/381745a08657278","DOI":"10.1038\/381745a0"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_259_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad259Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin L, Zhang S, Burguera BG, Couce ME, Osamura RY, Kulig E, Lloyd RV. Leptin and leptin receptor expression in rat and mouse pituitary cells. Endocrinology 2000;141:333\u20139.10.1210\/endo.141.1.726010614655","DOI":"10.1210\/en.141.1.333"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_260_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad260Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karlsson C, Lindell K, Svensson E, Bergh C, Lind P, Billig H, Carlsson LM, Carlsson B. Expression of functional leptin receptors in the human ovary. J Clin Endocr Metab 1997;82:4144\u20138.10.1210\/jc.82.12.4144","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.12.4144"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_261_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad261Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitawaki J, Koshiba H, Ishihara H, Kusuki I, Tsukamoto K, Honjo H. Expression of leptin receptor in human endometrium and fluctuation during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocr Metab 2000;85:1946\u201350.10.1210\/jcem.85.5.656710843179","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.5.6567"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_262_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad262Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boden G, Chen X, Mozzoli M, Ryan I. Effect of fasting on serum leptin in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocr Metab 1996;81:3419\u201323.10.1210\/jcem.81.9.8784108","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.9.8784108"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_263_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad263Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan JL, Heist K, DePaoli AM, Veldhuis JD, Mantzoros CS. The role of falling leptin levels in the neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptation to short-term starvation in healthy men. J Clin Invest 2003;111:1409\u201321.10.1172\/JCI200317490","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317490"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_264_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad264Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maffei M, Halaas J, Ravussin E, Pratley RE, Lee GH, Zhang Y, Fei H, Kim S, Lallone R, Ranganathan S, Kern PA, Friedman JM. Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nat Med 1995;1:1155\u201361.10.1038\/nm1195-11557584987","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1195-1155"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_265_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad265Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahima RS, Prabakaran D, Mantzoros C, Qu D, Lowell B, Maratos-Flier E, Flier JS. Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting. Nature 1996;382:250\u20132.10.1038\/382250a08717038","DOI":"10.1038\/382250a0"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_266_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad266Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chehab FF, Lim ME, Lu R. Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant leptin. Nat Genet 1996;12:318\u201320.10.1038\/ng0396-3188589726","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0396-318"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_267_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad267Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mounzih K, Lu R, Chehab FF. Leptin treatment rescues the sterility of genetically obese ob\/ob males. Endocrinology 1997;138:1190\u20133.10.1210\/endo.138.3.50249048626","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.3.5024"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_268_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad268Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corr M, De Souza MJ, Toombs RJ, Williams NI. Circulating leptin concentrations do not distinguish menstrual status in exercising women. Hum Reprod 2011;26:685\u201394.10.1093\/humrep\/deq37521227945","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq375"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_269_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad269Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller KK, Parulekar MS, Schoenfeld E, Anderson E, Hubbard J, Klibanski A, Grinspoon SK. Decreased leptin levels in normal weight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea: the effects of body composition and nutritional intake. J Clin Endocr Metab 1998;83:2309\u201312.10.1210\/jc.83.7.2309","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.7.2309"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_270_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad270Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ackerman KE, Slusarz K, Guereca G, Pierce L, Slattery M, Mendes N, Herzog DB, Misra M. Higher ghrelin and lower leptin secretion are associated with lower LH secretion in young amenorrheic athletes compared with eumenorrheic athletes and controls. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012;302:E800\u20136.10.1152\/ajpendo.00598.2011333070922252944","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00598.2011"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_271_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad271Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chou SH, Chamberland JP, Liu X, Matarese G, Gao C, Stefanakis R, Brinkoetter MT, Gong H, Arampatzi K, Mantzoros CS. Leptin is an effective treatment for hypothalamic amenorrhea. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011;108:6585\u201390.10.1073\/pnas.1015674108308097421464293","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015674108"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_272_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad272Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajala MW, Scherer PE. Minireview: the adipocyte--at the crossroads of energy homeostasis, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Endocrinology 2003;144:3765\u201373.10.1210\/en.2003-058012933646","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0580"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_273_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad273Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trayhurn P. Endocrine and signalling role of adipose tissue: new perspectives on fat. Acta Physiol Scand 2005;184:285\u201393.10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2005.01468.x16026420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2005.01468.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_274_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad274Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berg AH, Combs TP, Scherer PE. ACRP30\/adiponectin: an adipokine regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2002;13:84\u20139.10.1016\/S1043-2760(01)00524-0","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(01)00524-0"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_275_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad275Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawano T, Saito T, Yasu T, Nakamura T, Namai K, Tamemoto H, Kawakami M, Saito M, Ishikawa SE. Close association of hypoadiponectinemia with arteriosclerosis obliterans and ischemic heart disease. Metabolism 2005;54:653\u20136.10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.12.00915877296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.12.009"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_276_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad276Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dostalova I, Smitka K, Papezova H, Kvasnickova H, Nedvidkova J. Increased insulin sensitivity in patients with anorexia nervosa: the role of adipocytokines. Physiol Res 2007;56:587\u201394.10.33549\/physiolres.93108917184143","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931089"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_277_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad277Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tagami T, Satoh N, Usui T, Yamada K, Shimatsu A, Kuzuya H. Adiponectin in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. J Clin Endocr Metab 2004;89:1833\u20137.10.1210\/jc.2003-03126015070952","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031260"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_278_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad278Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russell M, Stark J, Nayak S, Miller KK, Herzog DB, Klibanski A, Misra M. Peptide YY in adolescent athletes with amenorrhea, eumenorrheic athletes and non-athletic controls. Bone 2009;45:104\u20139.10.1016\/j.bone.2009.03.668269276319344792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.03.668"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_279_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad279Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell, E, De Souza MJ. Increased serum adiponectin concentrations in amenorrheic physically active women are associated with impaired bone health but not with estrogen exposure. Bone 2011;48:760\u20137.10.1016\/j.bone.2010.12.01821185413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.12.018"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_280_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad280Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klenke U, Taylor-Burds C, Wray S. Metabolic influences on reproduction: adiponectin attenuates GnRH neuronal activity in female mice. Endocrinology 2014;155:1851\u201363.10.1210\/en.2013-1677399084124564393","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1677"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_281_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad281Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Pacheco F, Martinez-Fuentes AJ, Tovar S, Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M, Dieguez C, Castano JP, Malagon MM. Regulation of pituitary cell function by adiponectin. Endocrinology 2007;148:401\u201310.10.1210\/en.2006-101917038552","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1019"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_282_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad282Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caminos JE, Nogueiras R, Gallego R, Bravo S, Tovar S, Garcia-Caballero T, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C. Expression and regulation of adiponectin and receptor in human and rat placenta. J Clin Endocr Metab 2005;90:4276\u201386.10.1210\/jc.2004-093015855268","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0930"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_283_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad283Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michalakis KG, Segars JH. The role of adiponectin in reproduction: from polycystic ovary syndrome to assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril 2010;94:1949\u201357.10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.05.010312720520561616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.05.010"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_284_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad284Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chabrolle C, Tosca L, Crochet S, Tesseraud S, Dupont J. Expression of adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in chicken ovary: potential role in ovarian steroidogenesis. Domestic animal endocrinology 2007;33:480\u20137.10.1016\/j.domaniend.2006.08.00217010558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2006.08.002"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_285_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad285Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chabrolle C, Tosca L, Dupont J. Regulation of adiponectin and its receptors in rat ovary by human chorionic gonadotrophin treatment and potential involvement of adiponectin in granulosa cell steroidogenesis. Reproduction 2007;133:719\u201331.10.1530\/REP-06-024417504916","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0244"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_286_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad286Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chabrolle C, Tosca L, Rame C, Lecomte P, Royere D, Dupont J. Adiponectin increases insulin-like growth factor I-induced progesterone and estradiol secretion in human granulosa cells. Fertil Steril 2009;92:1988\u201396.10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.09.00819081562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.09.008"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_287_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad287Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagaly DV, Aad PY, Grado-Ahuir JA, Hulsey LB, Spicer LJ. Role of adiponectin in regulating ovarian theca and granulosa cell function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008;284:8\u201345.10.1016\/j.mce.2008.01.00718289773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2008.01.007"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_288_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad288Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ledoux S, Campos DB, Lopes FL, Dobias-Goff M, Palin MF, Murphy BD. Adiponectin induces periovulatory changes in ovarian follicular cells. Endocrinology 2006;147:5178\u201386.10.1210\/en.2006-067916916953","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0679"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_289_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad289Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maillard V, Uzbekova S, Guignot F, Perreau C, Rame C, Coyral-Castel S, Dupont J. Effect of adiponectin on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation and embryo development. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010;8:23.10.1186\/1477-7827-8-23284513720219117","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-23"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_290_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad290Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierre P, Froment P, Negre D, Rame C, Barateau V, Chabrolle C, Lecomte P, Dupont J. Role of adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, in the steroidogenesis of the human granulosa tumor cell line, KGN. Hum Reprod 2009;24:2890\u2013901.10.1093\/humrep\/dep29219671624","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep292"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_291_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad291Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo XH, Guo LJ, Xie H, Yuan LQ, Wu XP, Zhou HD, Liao EY. Adiponectin stimulates RANKL and inhibits OPG expression in human osteoblasts through the MAPK signaling pathway. J Bone Miner Res 2006;21:1648\u201356.10.1359\/jbmr.06070716995820","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060707"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_292_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad292Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo XH, Guo LJ, Yuan LQ, Xie H, Zhou HD, Wu XP, Liao EY. Adiponectin stimulates human osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation via the MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2005;309:99\u2013109.10.1016\/j.yexcr.2005.05.02115963981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2005.05.021"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_293_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad293Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angelin B, Rudling M. Growth hormone and hepatic lipoprotein metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 1994;5:160\u20135.10.1097\/00041433-199405030-000027952909","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-199405030-00002"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_294_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad294Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casanueva FF. Physiology of growth hormone secretion and action. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1992;21:483\u2013517.10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30199-3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30199-3"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_295_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad295Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson MB. Effect of growth hormone on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Endocr Rev 1987;8:115\u201331.10.1210\/edrv-8-2-1153301316","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-8-2-115"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_296_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad296Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Feo P. Hormonal regulation of human protein metabolism. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:7\u201318.10.1530\/eje.0.13500078765967","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1350007"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_297_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad297Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eckert ED, Pomeroy C, Raymond N, Kohler PF, Thuras P, Bowers CY. Leptin in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocr Metab 1998;83:791\u20135.10.1210\/jc.83.3.791","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.3.791"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_298_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad298Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grinspoon S, Gulick T, Askari H, Landt M, Lee K, Anderson E, Ma Z, Vignati L, Bowsher R, Herzog D, Klibanski A. Serum leptin levels in women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocr Metab 1996;81:3861\u20133.10.1210\/jcem.81.11.8923829","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.11.8923829"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_299_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad299Aa","unstructured":"Pombo M, Pombo CM, Astorga R, Cordido F, Popovic V, Garcia-Mayor RV, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF. Regulation of growth hormone secretion by signals produced by the adipose tissue. J Endocrinol Invest 1999;22(5 Suppl):22\u20136."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_300_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad300Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Postel-Vinay MC, Saab C, Gourmelen M. Nutritional status and growth hormone-binding protein. Horm Res 1995;44:177\u201381.10.1159\/0001846218522280","DOI":"10.1159\/000184621"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_301_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad301Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross RJ, Chew SL. Acquired growth hormone resistance. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:655\u201360.10.1530\/eje.0.13206557788000","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1320655"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_302_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad302Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thissen JP, Ketelslegers JM, Underwood LE. Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors. Endocr Rev 1994;15:80\u2013101.10.1210\/edrv-15-1-80","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-15-1-80"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_303_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad303Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zapf J. Physiological role of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:645\u201354.10.1530\/eje.0.13206457787999","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1320645"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_304_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad304Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra M, Miller KK, Bjornson J, Hackman A, Aggarwal A, Chung J, Ott M, Herzog DB, Johnson ML, Klibanski A. Alterations in growth hormone secretory dynamics in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and effects on bone metabolism. J Clin Endocr Metab 2003;88:5615\u201323.10.1210\/jc.2003-03053214671143","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030532"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_305_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad305Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoving RK, Veldhuis JD, Flyvbjerg A, Vinten J, Hangaard J, Koldkjaer OG, Kristiansen J, Hagen C. Jointly amplified basal and pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion and increased process irregularity in women with anorexia nervosa: indirect evidence for disruption of feedback regulation within the GH-insulin-like growth factor I axis. J Clin Endocr Metab 1999;84:2056\u201363.10.1210\/jc.84.6.2056","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.6.2056"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_306_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad306Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asakawa A, Inui A, Kaga T, Yuzuriha H, Nagata T, Ueno N, Makino S, Fujimiya M, Niijima A, Fujino MA, Kasuga M. Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin. Gastroenterology 2001;120:337\u201345.10.1053\/gast.2001.2215811159873","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.22158"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_307_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad307Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gianotti L, Lanfranco F, Ramunni J, Destefanis S, Ghigo E, Arvat E. GH\/IGF-I axis in anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord 2002;7:94\u2013105.10.1007\/BF0335443517644863","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03354435"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_308_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad308Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumann G, Shaw MA, Amburn K. Circulating growth hormone binding proteins. J Endocrinol Invest 1994;17:67\u201381.10.1007\/BF03344965","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03344965"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_309_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad309Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Counts DR, Gwirtsman H, Carlsson LM, Lesem M, Cutler GB Jr. The effect of anorexia nervosa and refeeding on growth hormone-binding protein, the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and the IGF-binding proteins. J Clin Endocr Metab 1992;75:762\u20137.10.1210\/jcem.75.3.1381372","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.75.3.1381372"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_310_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad310Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hochberg Z, Hertz P, Colin V, Ish-Shalom S, Yeshurun D, Youdim MB, Amit T. The distal axis of growth hormone (GH) in nutritional disorders: GH-binding protein, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-I receptors in obesity and anorexia nervosa. Metabolism 1992;41:106\u201312.10.1016\/0026-0495(92)90198-J","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(92)90198-J"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_311_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad311Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho KY, Veldhuis JD, Johnson ML, Furlanetto R, Evans WS, Alberti KG, Thorner MO. Fasting enhances growth hormone secretion and amplifies the complex rhythms of growth hormone secretion in man. J Clin Invest 1988;81:968\u201375.10.1172\/JCI113450","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113450"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_312_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad312Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoving RK, Hangaard J, Hansen-Nord M, Hagen C. A review of endocrine changes in anorexia nervosa. J Psychiat Res 1999;33:139\u201352.10.1016\/S0022-3956(98)00049-1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(98)00049-1"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_313_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad313Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fazeli PK, Lawson EA, Prabhakaran R, Miller KK, Donoho DA, Clemmons DR, Herzog DB, Misra M, Klibanski A. Effects of recombinant human growth hormone in anorexia nervosa: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocr Metab 2010;95:4889\u201397.10.1210\/jc.2010-0493296873320668047","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0493"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_314_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad314Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fazeli PK, Klibanski A. Determinants of GH resistance in malnutrition. J Endocrinol 2014;220:R57\u201365.10.1530\/JOE-13-0477399459124363451","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0477"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_315_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad315Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao TJ, Liang G, Li RL, Xie X, Sleeman MW, Murphy AJ, Valenzuela DM, Yancopoulos GD, Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for growth hormone-mediated survival of calorie-restricted mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:7467\u201372.10.1073\/pnas.1002271107286768420231469","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002271107"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_316_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad316Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hull KL, Harvey S. Growth hormone and reproduction: a review of endocrine and autocrine\/paracrine interactions. Int J Endocrinol 2014;2014:234014.10.1155\/2014\/234014","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/234014"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_317_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad317Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hull KL, Harvey S. GH as a co-gonadotropin: the relevance of correlative changes in GH secretion and reproductive state. J Endocrinol 2002;172:1\u201319.10.1677\/joe.0.172000111786370","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1720001"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_318_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad318Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doldi N, Bassan M, Bonzi V, Ferrari A. Effects of growth hormone and growth hormone-releasing hormone on steroid synthesis in cultured human luteinizing granulosa cells. Gynecol Endocrinol 1996;10:101\u20138.10.3109\/095135996090978998701783","DOI":"10.3109\/09513599609097899"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_319_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad319Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gregoraszczuk EL, Ptak A. In vitro effect of leptin on growth hormone (GH)- and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-stimulated progesterone secretion and apoptosis in developing and mature corpora lutea of pig ovaries. J Reprod Dev 2005;51:727\u201333.10.1262\/jrd.1703816177544","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.17038"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_320_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad320Aa","unstructured":"Gregoraszczuk EL, Ptak A, Wojtowicz AK, Gorska T, Nowak KW. Estrus cycle-dependent action of leptin on basal and GH or IGF-I stimulated steroid secretion by whole porcine follicles. Endocr Regul 2004;38:15\u201321."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_321_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad321Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karamouti M, Kollia P, Kallitsaris A, Vamvakopoulos N, Kollios G, Messinis IE. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, and leptin interaction in human cultured lutein granulosa cells steroidogenesis. Fertil Steril 2008;90(4 Suppl):1444\u201350.10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.08.076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.08.076"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_322_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad322Aa","unstructured":"Sirotkin AV. Direct action of growth hormone on bovine ovarian cells: effects on estradiol, oxytocin, vasopressin release by granulosa cells and on oocyte maturation and cleavage in vitro. Ann Endocrinol 1996;57:219\u201324."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_323_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad323Aa","unstructured":"Sirotkin AV, Makarevich AV, Hetenyi L. Effect of growth hormone and inhibitors of protein kinase A on IGF-I, oxytocin and progesterone release by cultured bovine granulosa cells. Ann Endocrinol 2000;61:154\u20138."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_324_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad324Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bachelot A, Monget P, Imbert-Bollore P, Coshigano K, Kopchick JJ, Kelly PA, Binart N. Growth hormone is required for ovarian follicular growth. Endocrinology 2002;143:4104\u201312.10.1210\/en.2002-220087","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220087"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_325_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad325Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slot KA, Kastelijn J, Bachelot A, Kelly PA, Binart N, Teerds KJ. Reduced recruitment and survival of primordial and growing follicles in GH receptor-deficient mice. Reproduction 2006;131:525\u201332.10.1530\/rep.1.00946","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00946"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_326_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad326Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chase CC Jr, Kirby CJ, Hammond AC, Olson TA, Lucy MC. Patterns of ovarian growth and development in cattle with a growth hormone receptor deficiency. J Anim Sci 1998;76:212\u20139.10.2527\/1998.761212x","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.761212x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_327_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad327Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou J, Bondy C. Anatomy of the human ovarian insulin-like growth factor system. Biol Reprod 1993;48:467\u201382.10.1095\/biolreprod48.3.467","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod48.3.467"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_328_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad328Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou J, Chin E, Bondy C. Cellular pattern of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-I receptor gene expression in the developing and mature ovarian follicle. Endocrinology 1991;129:3281\u20138.10.1210\/endo-129-6-3281","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-6-3281"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_329_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad329Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Hernandez ER, Svoboda ME, Van Wyk JJ. In vivo regulation of granulosa cell somatomedin-C\/insulin-like growth factor I receptors. Endocrinology 1988;122:1383\u20139.10.1210\/endo-122-4-1383","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-122-4-1383"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_330_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad330Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McArdle CA, Kohl C, Rieger K, Groner I, Wehrenberg U. Effects of gonadotropins, insulin and insulin-like growth factor I on ovarian oxytocin and progesterone production. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991;78:211\u201320.10.1016\/0303-7207(91)90125-C","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(91)90125-C"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_331_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad331Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poretsky L, Chandrasekher YA, Bai C, Liu HC, Rosenwaks Z, Giudice L. Insulin receptor mediates inhibitory effect of insulin, but not of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, on IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) production in human granulosa cells. J Clin Endocr Metab 1996;81:493\u20136.10.1210\/jcem.81.2.8636256","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.2.8636256"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_332_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad332Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veldhuis JD, Rodgers RJ. Mechanisms subserving the steroidogenic synergism between follicle-stimulating hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (somatomedin C). Alterations in cellular sterol metabolism in swine granulosa cells. J Biol Chem 1987;262:7658\u201364.10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47617-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47617-X"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_333_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad333Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berga SL, Daniels TL, Giles DE. Women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea but not other forms of anovulation display amplified cortisol concentrations. Fertil Steril 1997;67:1024\u201330.10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)81434-3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)81434-3"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_334_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad334Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biller BM, Federoff HJ, Koenig JI, Klibanski A. Abnormal cortisol secretion and responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. J Clin Endocr Metab 1990;70:311\u20137.10.1210\/jcem-70-2-311","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-2-311"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_335_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad335Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza MJ, Luciano AA, Arce JC, Demers LM, Loucks AB. Clinical tests explain blunted cortisol responsiveness but not mild hypercortisolism in amenorrheic runners. J Appl Physiol 1994;76:1302\u20139.10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.3.1302","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.3.1302"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_336_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad336Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding JH, Sheckter CB, Drinkwater BL, Soules MR, Bremner WJ. High serum cortisol levels in exercise-associated amenorrhea. Ann Intern Med 1988;108:530\u20134.10.7326\/0003-4819-108-4-530","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-4-530"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_337_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad337Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suh BY, Liu JH, Berga SL, Quigley ME, Laughlin GA, Yen SS. Hypercortisolism in patients with functional hypothalamic-amenorrhea. J Clin Endocr Metab 1988;66:733\u20139.10.1210\/jcem-66-4-733","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-66-4-733"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_338_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad338Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyar RM, Hellman LD, Roffwarg H, Katz J, Zumoff B, O\u2019Connor J, Bradlow HL, Fukushima DK. Cortisol secretion and metabolism in anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med 1977;296:190\u20133.10.1056\/NEJM197701272960403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197701272960403"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_339_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad339Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doerr P, Fichter M, Pirke KM, Lund R. Relationship between weight gain and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal function in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Steroid Biochemist 1980;13:529\u201337.10.1016\/0022-4731(80)90209-5","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(80)90209-5"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_340_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad340Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Licinio J, Wong ML, Gold PW. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry research 1996;62:75\u201383.10.1016\/0165-1781(96)02991-5","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(96)02991-5"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_341_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad341Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra M, Miller KK, Almazan C, Ramaswamy K, Lapcharoensap W, Worley M, Neubauer G, Herzog DB, Klibanski A. Alterations in cortisol secretory dynamics in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and effects on bone metabolism. J Clin Endocr Metab 2004;89:4972\u201380.10.1210\/jc.2004-072315472193","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0723"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_342_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad342Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra M, Prabhakaran R, Miller KK, Tsai P, Lin A, Lee N, Herzog DB, Klibanski A. Role of cortisol in menstrual recovery in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Pediatr Res 2006;59(4 Pt 1):598\u2013603.10.1203\/01.pdr.0000203097.64918.6316549537","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000203097.64918.63"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_343_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad343Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Putignano P, Dubini A, Toja P, Invitti C, Bonfanti S, Redaelli G, Zappulli D, Cavagnini F. Salivary cortisol measurement in normal-weight, obese and anorexic women: comparison with plasma cortisol. Eur J Endocrinol 2001;145:165\u201371.10.1530\/eje.0.145016511454512","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1450165"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_344_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad344Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawson EA, Donoho D, Miller KK, Misra M, Meenaghan E, Lydecker J, Wexler T, Herzog DB, Klibanski A. Hypercortisolemia is associated with severity of bone loss and depression in hypothalamic amenorrhea and anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocr Metab 2009;94:4710\u20136.10.1210\/jc.2009-1046279565319837921","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1046"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_345_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad345Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duclos M, Corcuff JB, Roger P, Tabarin A. The dexamethasone-suppressed corticotrophin-releasing hormone stimulation test in anorexia nervosa. Clin Endocrinol 1999;51:725\u201331.10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00872.x10619977","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00872.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_346_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad346Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gold PW, Gwirtsman H, Avgerinos PC, Nieman LK, Gallucci WT, Kaye W, Jimerson D, Ebert M, Rittmaster R, Loriaux DL, Chrousos GP. Abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in anorexia nervosa. Pathophysiologic mechanisms in underweight and weight-corrected patients. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1335\u201342.10.1056\/NEJM1986052231421023010109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605223142102"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_347_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad347Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mozid AM, Tringali G, Forsling ML, Hendricks MS, Ajodha S, Edwards R, Navarra P, Grossman AB, Korbonits M. Ghrelin is released from rat hypothalamic explants and stimulates corticotrophin-releasing hormone and arginine-vasopressin. Horm Metab Res 2003;35:455\u20139.10.1055\/s-2003-4180112953161","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-41801"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_348_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad348Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ackerman KE, Patel KT, Guereca G, Pierce L, Herzog DB, Misra M. Cortisol secretory parameters in young exercisers in relation to LH secretion and bone parameters. Clin Endocrinol 2013;78:114\u20139.10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04458.x344350522671919","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04458.x"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_349_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad349Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gambacciani M, Yen SS, Rasmussen DD. GnRH release from the mediobasal hypothalamus: in vitro inhibition by corticotropin-releasing factor. Neuroendocrinology 1986;43:533\u20136.10.1159\/0001245783018610","DOI":"10.1159\/000124578"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_350_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad350Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olster DH, Ferin M. Corticotropin-releasing hormone inhibits gonadotropin-secretion in the ovariectomized rhesus-monkey. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;65:262\u20137.10.1210\/jcem-65-2-2623110201","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-65-2-262"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_351_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad351Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivier, C, Vale W. Influence of corticotropin-releasing factor on reproductive functions in the rat. Endocrinology 1984;114:914\u201321.10.1210\/endo-114-3-9146321146","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-114-3-914"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_352_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad352Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams CL, Nishihara M, Thalabard JC, Grosser PM, Hotchkiss J, Knobil E. Corticotropin-releasing factor and gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator activity in the rhesus monkey. Electrophysiological studies. Neuroendocrinology 1990;52:133\u20137.10.1159\/0001255632125701","DOI":"10.1159\/000125563"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_353_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad353Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breen KM, Davis TL, Doro LC, Nett TM, Oakley AE, Padmanabhan V, Rispoli LA, Wagenmaker ER, Karsch FJ. Insight into the neuroendocrine site and cellular mechanism by which cortisol suppresses pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology 2008;149:767\u201373.10.1210\/en.2007-0773221929717962347","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0773"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_354_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad354Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oakley AE, Breen KM, Clarke IJ, Karsch FJ, Wagenmaker ER, Tilbrook AJ. Cortisol reduces gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency in follicular phase ewes: influence of ovarian steroids. Endocrinology 2009;150:341\u20139.10.1210\/en.2008-0587","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0587"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_355_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad355Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fries E, Dettenborn L, Kirschbaum C. The cortisol awakening response (CAR): facts and future directions. Int J Psychophysiol 2009;72:67\u201373.10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.014"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_356_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad356Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pruessner JC, Wolf OT, Hellhammer DH, Buske-Kirschbaum A, von Auer K, Jobst S, Kaspers F, Kirschbaum C. Free cortisol levels after awakening: a reliable biological marker for the assessment of adrenocortical activity. Life Sci 1997;61:2539\u201349.10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)01008-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)01008-4"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_357_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad357Aa","unstructured":"Wust S, Wolf J, Hellhammer DH, Federenko I, Schommer N, Kirschbaum C. The cortisol awakening response \u2013 normal values and confounds. Noise Health 2000;2:79\u201388."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_358_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad358Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chida Y, Steptoe A. Cortisol awakening response and psychosocial factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Psychol 2009;80:265\u201378.10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.10.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.10.004"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_359_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad359Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clow A, Hucklebridge F, Stalder T, Evans P, Thorn L. The cortisol awakening response: more than a measure of HPA axis function. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010;35:97\u2013103.10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.12.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.12.011"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_360_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad360Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kudielka BM, Kirschbaum C. Awakening cortisol responses are influenced by health status and awakening time but not by menstrual cycle phase. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003;28:35\u201347.10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00008-2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00008-2"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_361_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad361Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balligand JL, Brichard SM, Brichard V, Desager JP, Lambert M. Hypoleptinemia in patients with anorexia nervosa: loss of circadian rhythm and unresponsiveness to short-term refeeding. Eur J Endocrinol 1998;138:415\u201320.10.1530\/eje.0.13804159578509","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1380415"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_362_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad362Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"dos Santos E, dos Santos JE, Ribeiro RP, Rosa ES, Moreira AC, Silva de Sa MF. Absence of circadian salivary cortisol rhythm in women with anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2007;20:13\u20138.10.1016\/j.jpag.2006.10.01117289511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2006.10.011"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_363_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad363Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteleone P, Scognamiglio P, Monteleone AM, Mastromo D, Steardo L Jr, Serino I, Maj M. Abnormal diurnal patterns of salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol secretion in acute patients with anorexia nervosa. World J Biol Psychiatry 2011;12:455\u201361.10.3109\/15622975.2011.59022621745126","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.590226"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_364_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad364Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteleone P, Scognamiglio P, Monteleone AM, Perillo D, Maj M. Cortisol awakening response in patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa: relationships to sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment. Psychol Med 2014;44:2653\u201360.10.1017\/S003329171400027025055178","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000270"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_365_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad365Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wild B, Wesche D, Schultz JH, Stroe-Kunold E, Herzog W, Rudofsky G, Maser-Gluth C, Friederich HC. Trajectories of the cortisol awakening responses during weight gain in anorexia nervosa patients with severe and less severe symptoms. Int J Psychophysiol 2014;94:272\u20137.10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2014.09.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2014.09.010"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_366_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad366Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grinspoon S, Thomas L, Miller K, Pitts S, Herzog D, Klibanski A. Changes in regional fat redistribution and the effects of estrogen during spontaneous weight gain in women with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:865\u20139.10.1093\/ajcn\/73.5.865","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.5.865"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_367_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad367Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra M, Miller KK, Almazan C, Worley M, Herzog DB, Klibanski A. Hormonal determinants of regional body composition in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and controls. J Clin Endocr Metab 2005;90:2580\u20137.10.1210\/jc.2004-2041","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2041"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_368_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad368Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schorr M, Lawson EA, Dichtel LE, Klibanski A, Miller KK. Cortisol measures across the weight spectrum. J Clin Endocr Metab 2015;100:3313\u201321.10.1210\/JC.2015-2078","DOI":"10.1210\/JC.2015-2078"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_369_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad369Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arcelus J, Haslam M, Farrow C, Meyer C. The role of interpersonal functioning in the maintenance of eating psychopathology: a systematic review and testable model. Clin Psychol Rev 2013;33:156\u201367.10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.10.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.10.009"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_370_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad370Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coelho GM, Gomes AI, Ribeiro BG, Soares Ede A. Prevention of eating disorders in female athletes. Open Access J Sports Med 2014;5:105\u201313.10.2147\/OAJSM.S36528","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJSM.S36528"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_371_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad371Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer C, Taranis L, Goodwin H, Haycraft E. Compulsive exercise and eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2011;19:174\u201389.10.1002\/erv.1122","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.1122"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_372_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad372Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh BT. The importance of eating behavior in eating disorders. Physiol Behav 2011;104:525\u20139.10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.05.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.05.007"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_373_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad373Aa","unstructured":"Fairburn CG. Appendix II: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0). In: Fairburn CG, Beglin S, editors. Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. New York: Guilford Press, 2008."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_374_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad374Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garner DM, Olmstead MP, Polivy J. Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia-nervosa and bulimia. Int J Eat Disorder 1983;2:15\u201334.10.1002\/1098-108X(198321)2:2<15::AID-EAT2260020203>3.0.CO;2-6","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198321)2:2<15::AID-EAT2260020203>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_375_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad375Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garner DM, Garfinkel PE. The Eating Attitudes Test: an index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1979;9:273\u20139.10.1017\/S0033291700030762","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700030762"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_376_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad376Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garner DM, Olmsted MP, Bohr Y, Garfinkel PE. The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med 1982;12:871\u20138.10.1017\/S0033291700049163","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700049163"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_377_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad377Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stunkard AJ, Messick S. The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. J Psychosom Res 1985;29:71\u201383.10.1016\/0022-3999(85)90010-8","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(85)90010-8"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_378_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad378Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bomba M, Corbetta F, Bonini L, Gambera A, Tremolizzo L, Neri F, Nacinovich R. Psychopathological traits of adolescents with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a comparison with anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord 2014;19:41\u20138.10.1007\/s40519-013-0056-523912931","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-013-0056-5"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_379_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad379Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eddy KT, Lawson EA, Meade C, Meenaghan E, Horton SE, Misra M, Klibanski A, Miller KK. Appetite regulatory hormones in women with anorexia nervosa: binge-eating\/purging versus restricting type. J Clin Psychiat 2015;76:19\u201324.10.4088\/JCP.13m08753440892625098834","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08753"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_380_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad380Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehrlich S, Burghardt R, Schneider N, Hein J, Weiss D, Pfeiffer E, Lehmkuhl U, Salbach-Andrae H. Leptin and its associations with measures of psychopathology in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Neural Transm 2009;116:109\u201315.10.1007\/s00702-008-0151-319018447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0151-3"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_381_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad381Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawson EA, Eddy KT, Donoho D, Misra M, Miller KK, Meenaghan E, Lydecker J, Herzog D, Klibanski A. Appetite-regulating hormones cortisol and peptide YY are associated with disordered eating psychopathology, independent of body mass index. Eur J Endocrinol 2011;164:253\u201361.10.1530\/EJE-10-0523367777721098684","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0523"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_382_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad382Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider LF, Monaco SE, Warren MP. Elevated ghrelin level in women of normal weight with amenorrhea is related to disordered eating. Fertil Steril 2008;90:121\u20138.10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.06.00218001718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.06.002"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_383_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad383Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Couturier J, Lock J. What is recovery in adolescent anorexia nervosa? Int J Eat Disorder 2006;39:550\u20135.10.1002\/eat.2030916791851","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20309"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_384_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad384Aa","unstructured":"Levine RL. Endocrine aspects of eating disorders in adolescents. Adolesc Med 2002;13:129\u201343, vii."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_385_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad385Aa","unstructured":"Nogal P, Pniewska-Siark B, Lewinski A. Analysis of treatment efficacy in girls with anorexia nervosa (III). Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2009;30:32\u20138."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_386_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad386Aa","unstructured":"Association AP. Treatment of patients with eating disorders, 3rd edition. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163(7 Suppl):4\u201354."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_387_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad387Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosen DS. Identification and management of eating disorders in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2010;126:1240\u201353.10.1542\/peds.2010-282121115584","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2821"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_388_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad388Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller KK. Endocrine dysregulation in anorexia nervosa update. J Clin Endocr Metab 2011;96:2939\u201349.10.1210\/jc.2011-1222320023821976742","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1222"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_389_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad389Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Elburg AA, Eijkemans MJ, Kas MJ, Themmen AP, de Jong FH, van Engeland H, Fauser BC. Predictors of recovery of ovarian function during weight gain in anorexia nervosa. Fertil Steril 2007;87:902\u20138.10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.00417239876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.004"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_390_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad390Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arends JC, Cheung MY, Barrack MT, Nattiv A. Restoration of menses with nonpharmacologic therapy in college athletes with menstrual disturbances: a 5-year retrospective study. Int J Sport Nutr Exe 2012;22:98\u2013108.10.1123\/ijsnem.22.2.9822465870","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.22.2.98"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_391_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad391Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cominato L, da Silva MM, Steinmetz L, Pinzon V, Fleitlich-Bilyk B, Damiani D. Menstrual cycle recovery in patients with anorexia nervosa: the importance of insulin-like growth factor 1. Horm Res Paediatr 2014;82:319\u201323.10.1159\/00036789525322903","DOI":"10.1159\/000367895"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_392_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad392Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dueck CA, Matt KS, Manore MM, Skinner JS. Treatment of athletic amenorrhea with a diet and training intervention program. Int J Sport Nutr 1996;6:24\u201340.10.1123\/ijsn.6.1.248653102","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsn.6.1.24"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_393_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad393Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fredericson M, Kent K. Normalization of bone density in a previously amenorrheic runner with osteoporosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005;37:1481\u20136.10.1249\/01.mss.0000177561.95201.8f16177598","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000177561.95201.8f"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_394_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad394Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golden NH, Jacobson MS, Schebendach J, Solanto MV, Hertz SM, Shenker IR. Resumption of menses in anorexia nervosa. Arch Pediat Adol Med 1997;151:16\u201321.10.1001\/archpedi.1997.021703800200039006523","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170380020003"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_395_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad395Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Key A, Mason H, Allan R, Lask B. Restoration of ovarian and uterine maturity in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disorder 2002;32:319\u201325.10.1002\/eat.1008712210646","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10087"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_396_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad396Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kopp-Woodroffe SA, Manore MM, Dueck CA, Skinner JS, Matt KS. Energy and nutrient status of amenorrheic athletes participating in a diet and exercise training intervention program. Int J Sport Nutr 1999;9:70\u201388.10.1123\/ijsn.9.1.7010200061","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsn.9.1.70"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_397_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad397Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller KK, Lee EE, Lawson EA, Misra M, Minihan J, Grinspoon SK, Gleysteen S, Mickley D, Herzog D, Klibanski A. Determinants of skeletal loss and recovery in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocr Metab 2006;91:2931\u20137.10.1210\/jc.2005-2818322093316735492","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2818"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_398_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad398Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warren MP, Goodman LR. Exercise-induced endocrine pathologies. J Endocrinol Invest 2003;26:873\u20138.10.1007\/BF0334523814964440","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345238"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_399_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad399Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zanker CL, Cooke CB, Truscott JG, Oldroyd B, Jacobs HS. Annual changes of bone density over 12 years in an amenorrheic athlete. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36:137\u201342.10.1249\/01.MSS.0000106186.68674.2C","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000106186.68674.2C"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_400_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad400Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra M, Prabhakaran R, Miller KK, Goldstein MA, Mickley D, Clauss L, Lockhart P, Cord J, Herzog DB, Katzman DK, Klibanski A. Weight gain and restoration of menses as predictors of bone mineral density change in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa-1. J Clin Endocr Metab 2008;93:1231\u20137.10.1210\/jc.2007-1434","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1434"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_401_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad401Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobanski E, Hiltmann WD, Blanz B, Klein M, Schmidt MH. Pelvic ultrasound scanning of the ovaries in adolescent anorectic patients at low weight and after weight recovery. Eur Child Adoles Psy 1997;6:207\u201311.10.1007\/BF00539927","DOI":"10.1007\/s007870050031"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_402_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad402Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dempfle A, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Timmesfeld N, Schwarte R, Egberts KM, Pfeiffer E, Fleischhaker C, Wewetzer C, Buhren K. Predictors of the resumption of menses in adolescent anorexia nervosa. BMC Psychiatry 2013;13:308.10.1186\/1471-244X-13-308","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-308"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_403_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad403Aa","unstructured":"Abbate Daga G, Campisi S, Marzola E, Rocca G, Peris C, Campagnoli C, Peloso A, Vesco S, Rigardetto R, Fassino S. Amenorrhea in eating disorders: poor stability of symptom after a one-year treatment. Eat Weight Disord 2012;17:e78\u201385."},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_404_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad404Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dei M, Seravalli V, Bruni V, Balzi D, Pasqua A. Predictors of recovery of ovarian function after weight gain in subjects with amenorrhea related to restrictive eating disorders. Gynecol Endocrinol 2008;24:459\u201364.10.1080\/09513590802246141","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590802246141"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_405_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad405Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Favaro A, Santonastaso P. Seasonality and the prediction of weight at resumption of menses in anorexia nervosa. Fertil Steril 2009;91(4 Suppl):1395\u20137.10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.04.055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.04.055"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_406_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad406Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rigaud D, Pennacchio H, Bizeul C, Reveillard V, Verges B. Outcome in AN adult patients: a 13-year follow-up in 484 patients. Diabetes Metab 2011;37:305\u201311.10.1016\/j.diabet.2010.11.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2010.11.020"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_407_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad407Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faust JP, Goldschmidt AB, Anderson KE, Glunz C, Brown M, Loeb KL, Katzman DK, Le Grange D. Resumption of menses in anorexia nervosa during a course of family-based treatment. J Eat Disorder 2013;1:12.10.1186\/2050-2974-1-12","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-2974-1-12"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_408_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad408Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falsetti L, Gambera A, Barbetti L, Specchia C. Long-term follow-up of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and prognostic factors. J Clin Endocr Metab 2002;87:500\u20135.10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8195","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8195"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_409_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad409Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herpertz-Dahlmann BM, Wewetzer C, Schulz E, Remschmidt H. Course and outcome in adolescent anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disorder 1996;19:335\u201345.10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199605)19:4<335::AID-EAT2>3.0.CO;2-M","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199605)19:4<335::AID-EAT2>3.3.CO;2-7"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_410_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad410Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacoangeli F, Masala S, Staar Mezzasalma F, Fiori R, Martinetti A, Ficoneri C, Novi B, Pierangeli S, Marchetti G, Simonetti G, Bollea MR. Amenorrhea after weight recover in anorexia nervosa: role of body composition and endocrine abnormalities. Eat Weight Disord 2006;11:e20\u20136.10.1007\/BF03327748","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327748"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_411_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad411Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Carlo C, Tommaselli GA, De Filippo E, Pisano G, Nasti A, Bifulco G, Contaldo F, Nappi C. Menstrual status and serum leptin levels in anorectic and in menstruating women with low body mass indexes. Fertil Steril 2002;78:376\u201382.10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03221-1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03221-1"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_412_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad412Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballauff A, Ziegler A, Emons G, Sturm G, Blum WF, Remschmidt H, Hebebrand J. Serum leptin and gonadotropin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa during weight gain. Mol Psychiatr 1999;4:71\u20135.10.1038\/sj.mp.400047810089013","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000478"},{"key":"2025121207290074960_j_hmbci-2015-0053_ref_413_w2aab3b8b7b1b7b1ab2ad413Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kopp W, Blum WF, von Prittwitz S, Ziegler A, Lubbert H, Emons G, Herzog W, Herpertz S, Deter HC, Remschmidt H, Hebebrand J. Low leptin levels predict amenorrhea in underweight and eating disordered females. Mol Psychiatr 1997;2:335\u201340.10.1038\/sj.mp.40002879246675","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000287"}],"container-title":["Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/hmbci.2016.25.issue-2\/hmbci-2015-0053\/hmbci-2015-0053.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/hmbci-2015-0053\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/hmbci-2015-0053\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T08:47:58Z","timestamp":1765529278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/hmbci-2015-0053\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"references-count":413,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/hmbci-2015-0053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/hmbci-2015-0053","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-1891","1868-1883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-1891","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1868-1883","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]}}}