{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T08:05:39Z","timestamp":1765526739604,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A positive urine pregnancy test (UPT) with adnexal mass in ectopic pregnancy is not the ultimate diagnosis. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is about 27 per 1000 pregnancies [1]. On average, about 6\u201316% will present to an emergency department with first-trimester bleeding and abdominal pain [2]. On presenting with these symptoms with the simultaneous presence of an adnexal mass and an empty uterus, a UPT is of paramount importance to determine whether the symptoms are pregnancy related or not. When the UPT is positive, an ectopic pregnancy is not the only diagnosis as the rare entity of non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma (NGOC) should be considered. Here we present two case reports of NGOC, which were initially diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy. The first case is a 16-year-old girl, with vaginal bleeding and an adnexal mass due to an ovarian choriocarcinoma, She underwent unilateral oophorectomy and received multiple courses of chemotherapy. She is disease free without evidence of recurrence or metastasis after 12 months of follow-up. The second patient is also 16 years old and presented with an acute abdomen. She was diagnosed as a ruptured luteal cyst and underwent partial oophorectomy. When the pathologist diagnosed a choriocarcinoma she received multiple courses of chemotherapy, but thereafter an advanced disease was diagnosed with evidence of distant metastasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2018-0004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]],"date-time":"2018-04-12T04:25:56Z","timestamp":1523507156000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A positive urine pregnancy test (UPT) with adnexal mass; ectopic pregnancy is not the ultimate diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2735-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Faizal","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department , UKMMC, Jalan Yacob Latiff , 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , Phone: +60391455975, Fax: +60391456672"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0383-572X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Azrai","family":"Abu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department , UKMMC, Jalan Yacob Latiff , Cheras, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6542-386X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kah Teik","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department , UKMMC, Jalan Yacob Latiff , Cheras, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun Leng","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department , Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim , Sg Petani, Kedah , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohd Asyraf","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department , Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim , Sg Petani, Kedah , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121207145506318_j_hmbci-2018-0004_ref_001_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b4b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Den Eeden SK, Shan J, Bruce C, Glasser M. Ectopic pregnancy rate and treatment utilization in a large managed care organization. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105(Pt 1):1052\u20137.10.1097\/01.AOG.0000158860.26939.2d","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000158860.26939.2d"},{"key":"2025121207145506318_j_hmbci-2018-0004_ref_002_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b4b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray HB, Bardell H, Tulandi T. Diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Can Med Assoc J. 2005;173:905\u201312.10.1503\/cmaj.050222","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050222"},{"key":"2025121207145506318_j_hmbci-2018-0004_ref_003_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b4b3Aa","unstructured":"Mohd Faizal A, Dianie DJ, Suguna S, Soon R, Moharzudi M. A pure nongestational choriocarcinoma of ovary: sharing experience in sabah. J Surg Academia. 2015;5:51\u20133."},{"key":"2025121207145506318_j_hmbci-2018-0004_ref_004_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b4b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi YJ, Chun KY, Kim YW, Ro DY. Pure nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary: a case report. World J Surg Oncol. 2013;11:7.2332045510.1186\/1477-7819-11-7","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-11-7"},{"key":"2025121207145506318_j_hmbci-2018-0004_ref_005_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b4b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv L, Yang K, Wu H, Lou J, Peng Z. Pure choriocarcinoma of the ovary: a case report. J Gynecol Oncol. 2011;22:135\u20139.10.3802\/jgo.2011.22.2.13521860741","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2011.22.2.135"}],"container-title":["Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/hmbci.ahead-of-print\/hmbci-2018-0004\/hmbci-2018-0004.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/hmbci-2018-0004\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/hmbci-2018-0004\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T08:00:31Z","timestamp":1765526431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/hmbci-2018-0004\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/hmbci-2018-0004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/hmbci-2018-0004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-1891","1868-1883"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1868-1891"},{"type":"print","value":"1868-1883"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"article-number":"20180004"}}