{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:50:33Z","timestamp":1793663433830,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":270,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cathepsin S is a member of the cysteine cathepsin protease family. It is a lysosomal protease which can promote degradation of damaged or unwanted proteins in the endo-lysosomal pathway. Additionally, it has more specific roles such as MHC class II antigen presentation, where it is important in the degradation of the invariant chain. Unsurprisingly, mis-regulation has implicated cathepsin S in a variety of pathological processes including arthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, where it becomes secreted and can act on extracellular substrates. In comparison to many other cysteine cathepsin family members, cathepsin S has uniquely restricted tissue expression and is more stable at a neutral pH, which supports its involvement and importance in localised disease microenvironments. In this review, we examine the known involvement of cathepsin S in disease, particularly with respect to recent work indicating its role in mediating pain, diabetes, and cystic fibrosis. We provide an overview of current literature with regards cathepsin S as a therapeutic target, as well as its role and potential as a predictive diagnostic and\/or prognostic marker in these diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2015-0114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]],"date-time":"2015-04-15T05:51:03Z","timestamp":1429077063000},"page":"867-882","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["Cathepsin S: therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic potential"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"396","author":[{"given":"Richard D.A.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rich","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta E.","family":"Burden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref411","first-page":"2916","article-title":"Live imaging of cysteine - cathepsin activity reveals dynamics of focal inflammation angiogenesis and polyp growth One","author":"Gounaris","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref1491","first-page":"0503","article-title":"Inhibition of cathepsin by enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in colorectal carcinomas Biochemie","author":"Burden","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref591","first-page":"22","article-title":"Constitutive expression of cytotoxic proteases and down - regulation of protease inhibitors in LGL leukemia","author":"Kothapalli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"ref1101","first-page":"133","article-title":"from both tumour and tumour - associated cells promote cancer growth and neovascularisation","author":"Burden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref2701","first-page":"299","article-title":"The specificity and elastinolytic activities of bovine cathepsins","author":"Xin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14404","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503920102","article-title":"Use of gene expression profiling to directin vivomolecular imaging of lung cancer","author":"Grimm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref901","first-page":"391","article-title":"Expression and activity profiling of selected cysteine cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis","author":"Po\u017egan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref1191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2008.03.0048","article-title":"Hains Early microglial inhibition preemptively mitigates chronic pain development after experimental spinal cord injury","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"ref801","first-page":"95","article-title":"Cathepsins in human obesity : changes in energy balance predominantly affects cathepsin S in adipose tissue and in circulation","author":"Naour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref1391","first-page":"3726","article-title":"and an asparagine - specific endoprotease dominate the proteolytic processing of human myelin basic proteinin vitro","volume":"31","author":"Beck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"85","article-title":"Compartmentalization of In Structure Function eds Verlag Wien pp","author":"Brix","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"6374","article-title":"Comparative assessment of substrates and activity based probes as tools for non - invasive optical imaging of cysteine protease activity One","author":"Blum","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref1641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300304","article-title":"Cysteine peptidases of mammals : their biological roles and potential effects in the oral cavity and other tissues in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Dickinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"ref1231","first-page":"1630","article-title":"a signalling the cutting edge","volume":"31","author":"Turk","year":"2012","journal-title":"J"},{"key":"ref641","first-page":"177","article-title":"Disease - specifica gene expression profiling in multiple models of lung disease","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Care Med"},{"key":"ref301","first-page":"170","article-title":"Increased levels of hypoxia - sensitive proteins in allergic airway inflamtion","author":"Fajardo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref1561","first-page":"84","article-title":"mediated fibroblast trans - differentiation contributes to left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res"},{"key":"ref1321","first-page":"299","article-title":"The specificity and elastinolytic activities of bovine cathepsins","author":"Xin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref2071","first-page":"186","article-title":"Increased serum cathepsin in patients with atherosclerosis diabetes","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref1281","first-page":"135","article-title":"der Improved quenched fluorescent probe for imaging of cysteine cathepsin activity","author":"Verdoes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"ref651","first-page":"5019","article-title":"Increased expression of cathepsins and obesity - induced proinflammatory cytokines in lacrimal glands of male NOD mouse Invest Ophthalmol Vis","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci"},{"key":"ref2421","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Role of cysteine cathepsins in joint inflammation and destruction in human rheumatoid arthritis and associated animal models","author":"Schurigt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res"},{"key":"ref1121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI181","article-title":"Expression of the elastolytic cathepsins in human atheroma and regulation of their production in smooth muscle cells","author":"Sukhova","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref1871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1110","article-title":"cysteine proteases regulate antigen","author":"Honey","year":"2003","journal-title":"presentation Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lysosomal cysteine proteinase cathepsin S as a potential target for anti - cancer therapy","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Mol"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300304","article-title":"Cysteine peptidases of mammals : their biological roles and potential effects in the oral cavity and other tissues in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Dickinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"ref1441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2007.26","article-title":"Non - invasive optical imaging of cysteine protease activity using fluorescently quenched activity - based probes","author":"Blum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"ref2311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.065","article-title":"Combined hs predicting inflammation of abdominal aortic aneurysm","author":"Qin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref2631","first-page":"403","article-title":"Acid sulphydryl protease from calf lymph nodes","author":"Turnsek","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref2021","first-page":"177","article-title":"Disease - specifica gene expression profiling in multiple models of lung disease","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Care Med"},{"key":"ref1711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20010120)95:1<51::AID-IJC1009>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Expression of cathepsins in the progression of prostate carcinoma","volume":"55","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref2741","first-page":"289","article-title":"causes inflammatory pain via biased agonism of PAR","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref551","first-page":"10","article-title":"Monitoring compartment - specific substrate cleavage by cathepsins at physiological pH and redox conditions","author":"Jordans","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Biochem"},{"key":"ref961","first-page":"120","article-title":"in medicine Specialized roles for cysteine cathepsins in health and disease","author":"Reiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref1701","first-page":"381","article-title":"Antibody - targeted nanoparticles for cancer therapy","author":"Fay","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref2511","first-page":"111","article-title":"Deficiency of cathepsin reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor - deficient mice","author":"Sukhova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref1081","first-page":"493","article-title":"Deficiency of the cysteine protease cathepsin S impairs microvessel growth","author":"Shi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Res"},{"key":"ref2371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80249-6","article-title":"Essential role for cathepsin S in MHC Class II - associated invariant chain processing and peptide loading","author":"Riese","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref1721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000166673.34461.33","article-title":"Immunologic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Firestein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref761","first-page":"53","article-title":"Selective targeting of tumor and stromal cells by a nanocarrier system displaying lipidated cathepsin inhibitor","author":"Mikhaylov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"ref571","first-page":"287","article-title":"The selective role of cathepsins in the lysosomal degradation of endogenous and exogenous proteins","author":"Kominami","year":"1991","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref1291","first-page":"281","article-title":"controls angiogenesis and tumor growth via matrix - derived angiogenic factors","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref1211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(99)00263-0","article-title":"cysteine proteases more than scavengers","author":"Turk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref391","first-page":"241","article-title":"induces cathepsin protease activity in tumor - associated macrophages to promote cancer growth and invasion Genes","volume":"24","author":"Gocheva","year":"2010","journal-title":"IL"},{"key":"ref1771","first-page":"241","article-title":"induces cathepsin protease activity in tumor - associated macrophages to promote cancer growth and invasion Genes","volume":"24","author":"Gocheva","year":"2010","journal-title":"IL"},{"key":"ref2271","first-page":"3000328","article-title":"and pharmacodynamics of the cathepsin inhibitor in healthy subjects","author":"Payne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacokinetics Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref2561","first-page":"147","article-title":"promotes human preadipocyte differenciation : possible involvement of fibronectin degradation","author":"Taleb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref2281","first-page":"391","article-title":"Expression and activity profiling of selected cysteine cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis","author":"Po\u017egan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.01.003","article-title":"Therapeutic dosing of an orally active selective cathepsin S inhibitor suppresses disease in models of autoimmunity","author":"Baugh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref321","first-page":"381","article-title":"Antibody - targeted nanoparticles for cancer therapy","author":"Fay","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref1681","first-page":"170","article-title":"Increased levels of hypoxia - sensitive proteins in allergic airway inflamtion","author":"Fajardo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref1941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0689-x","article-title":"pathophysiology of matrix metalloproteases","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiology Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref1851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(14)60119-3","article-title":"Mainz - antiprotease imbalances differ between Cystic Fibrosis patients upper and lower airway secretions In","author":"Hentschel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"ref1111","first-page":"1","article-title":"Storm van Riese regulatory factor regulates - gamma dependent cathepsin expression","author":"Gravesande","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.10.028","article-title":"Functionalin vivoimaging of cysteine cathepsin activity in murine model of inflammation","volume":"19","author":"Cagli\u010d","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"ref1621","first-page":"430","article-title":"Determination of cathepsin S abundance and activity in human plasma and implications for clinical investigation","author":"Cox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.018","article-title":"Specific cleavage of the lung surfactant protein A by human cathepsin S may impair its antibacterial properties","author":"Lecaille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref1071","first-page":"269","article-title":"Human cathepsin chromosomal localization gene structure tissue distribution","author":"Shi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref2241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc884","article-title":"Strategies for MMP inhibition in cancer : innovations for the post - trial era","author":"Overall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"ref1471","first-page":"85","article-title":"Compartmentalization of In Structure Function eds Verlag Wien pp","author":"Brix","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"442","article-title":"Circadian and concentration profile of cathepsin S in sera from healthy subjects and asthmatic patients Pfl\u00fcger s Arch","author":"Cimerman","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref1511","first-page":"375","article-title":"Role of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of lung cancer","author":"Capelozzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bras"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"140","article-title":"their involvement in immune responses","author":"Conus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"ref351","first-page":"119","article-title":"expression an independent prognostic factor in glioblastoma tumours a pilot study","author":"Flannery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref2091","first-page":"256","article-title":"comparison of four cathepsins with collagenolytic activity from rabbit spleen","author":"Maciewicz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref1181","first-page":"147","article-title":"promotes human preadipocyte differenciation : possible involvement of fibronectin degradation","author":"Taleb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref2411","first-page":"1","article-title":"AT blockade attenuates atherosclerotic plaque destabilization accompanied by the suppression of cathepsin S activity in apoE - deficient mice","author":"Sasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref2691","first-page":"190","article-title":"Dysregulation in cystic fibrosis airways contributes to increased pulmonary cathepsin s production","volume":"31","author":"Weldon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Care Med"},{"key":"ref911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0330331","article-title":"Proteases and their inhibitors in neurodegenerative disease a genomic view of the complexity of mammalian proteolytic systems","author":"Puente","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"ref1541","first-page":"59","article-title":"Riese Emerging roles for cysteine proteases in human","author":"Chapman","year":"1997","journal-title":"biology Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"ref401","first-page":"105","article-title":"The role of Cathepsin S as a marker of prognosis and predictor of chemotherapy benefit in adjuvant a pilot study","author":"Gormley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"464","article-title":"Korbmacher Proteolytic activation of the epithelial sodium channel by the cysteine protease cathepsin Pfl\u00fcger s Arch","author":"Haerteis","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref2601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(04)00117-5","article-title":"cathepsins proteases - On the main stage of cancer","author":"Turk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200600149","article-title":"The consequences of lysosomotropism on the design of selective cathepsin inhibitors","author":"Black","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chembiochem"},{"key":"ref1141","first-page":"276","article-title":"cleave and inactivate secretory leucoprotease inhibitor","author":"Taggart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref2111","first-page":"213","article-title":"Near - infrared optical imaging of protease activity for tumor detection","author":"Mahmood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref661","first-page":"105","author":"Libby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inflammation atherosclerosis Circulation"},{"key":"ref1341","first-page":"121","article-title":"Multiple statistical methods for assessing differential gene expression in microarray data of diabetic model rats to predict the molecular mechanism of atorvastatin on anti - atherogenesis","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"ref1921","article-title":"Jobs Influence of a prudent diet on circulating cathepsin S in humans","volume":"13","author":"Adamsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"ref2731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X13490860","article-title":"Odanacatib in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density a review of clinical evidence","author":"Zerbini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther Musculoskel Dis"},{"key":"ref2491","first-page":"1","article-title":"Storm van Riese regulatory factor regulates - gamma dependent cathepsin expression","author":"Gravesande","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"key":"ref751","first-page":"1294","article-title":"structure of human cathepsin Protein","author":"McGrath","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci"},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-007-0753-0","article-title":"Marc Expression of bone resorption genes in osteoarthritis and in osteoporosis","volume":"25","author":"Logar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"ref1311","first-page":"190","article-title":"Dysregulation in cystic fibrosis airways contributes to increased pulmonary cathepsin s production","volume":"31","author":"Weldon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Care Med"},{"key":"ref1991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4459","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0101656","article-title":"Human and parasitic papain - like cysteine proteases : their role in physiology and pathology and recent developments in inhibitor design","author":"Lecaille","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"ref1831","first-page":"144","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer the next generation","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref1451","first-page":"6374","article-title":"Comparative assessment of substrates and activity based probes as tools for non - invasive optical imaging of cysteine protease activity One","author":"Blum","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref2331","first-page":"130","article-title":"elicits itch and signals via protease - activated receptors","author":"Reddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref2651","first-page":"286","article-title":"cathepsins modulate anti - angiogenic activities of human endostatin","author":"Veillard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.1290","article-title":"Ren a Correlation between serum cathepsin insulin resistance in type diabetes","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1110","article-title":"cysteine proteases regulate antigen","author":"Honey","year":"2003","journal-title":"presentation Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref2721","first-page":"121","article-title":"Multiple statistical methods for assessing differential gene expression in microarray data of diabetic model rats to predict the molecular mechanism of atorvastatin on anti - atherogenesis","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(14)60119-3","article-title":"Mainz - antiprotease imbalances differ between Cystic Fibrosis patients upper and lower airway secretions In","author":"Hentschel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"ref1131","first-page":"111","article-title":"Deficiency of cathepsin reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor - deficient mice","author":"Sukhova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.018","article-title":"Specific cleavage of the lung surfactant protein A by human cathepsin S may impair its antibacterial properties","author":"Lecaille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref1171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-3673fje","article-title":"a novel biomarker of adiposity relevance to atherogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Taleb","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref1751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2007.12.047","article-title":"The discovery of odanacatib a selective inhibitor of cathepsin","volume":"18","author":"Gauthier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"ref921","first-page":"401","article-title":"Deficiency of cathepsin S attenuates angiotensin II - induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein - deficient mice","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res"},{"key":"ref1801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14404","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503920102","article-title":"Use of gene expression profiling to directin vivomolecular imaging of lung cancer","author":"Grimm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref2341","first-page":"120","article-title":"in medicine Specialized roles for cysteine cathepsins in health and disease","author":"Reiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"0503","article-title":"Inhibition of cathepsin by enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in colorectal carcinomas Biochemie","author":"Burden","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref1931","first-page":"10","article-title":"Monitoring compartment - specific substrate cleavage by cathepsins at physiological pH and redox conditions","author":"Jordans","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Biochem"},{"key":"ref2571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2008.03.0048","article-title":"Hains Early microglial inhibition preemptively mitigates chronic pain development after experimental spinal cord injury","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"ref1571","first-page":"442","article-title":"Circadian and concentration profile of cathepsin S in sera from healthy subjects and asthmatic patients Pfl\u00fcger s Arch","author":"Cimerman","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref581","first-page":"136","article-title":"Cysteine proteinase inhibitor stefin A as an indicator of efficiency of tumor treatment in mice","author":"Korolenko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4058","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36335","article-title":"Real - time assessment of inflammation and treatment response in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation","author":"Cortez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref1041","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Role of cysteine cathepsins in joint inflammation and destruction in human rheumatoid arthritis and associated animal models","author":"Schurigt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res"},{"key":"ref2031","first-page":"5019","article-title":"Increased expression of cathepsins and obesity - induced proinflammatory cytokines in lacrimal glands of male NOD mouse Invest Ophthalmol Vis","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci"},{"key":"ref2211","first-page":"21","article-title":"superfamily","author":"Ochieng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Care Poor"},{"key":"ref2261","first-page":"3202","article-title":"Specificity determinants of human cathepsin S revealed by crystal structures of complexes","author":"Pauly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref2581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2092","article-title":"Targeting proteases successes failures future prospects","author":"Turk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref2151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1949","article-title":"cathepsins multifunctional enzymes in cancer","author":"Mohamed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"ref2381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2014.882979","article-title":"Circulating plasma levels of cathepsin are not associated with disease severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Ruge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref2591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(99)00263-0","article-title":"cysteine proteases more than scavengers","author":"Turk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref1891","first-page":"53","article-title":"In vivoimaging of mouse tumours by a lipidated cathepsin substrate","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"463","article-title":"The landscape of somatic copy - number alteration across human cancers","author":"Beroukhim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref1841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2010.01229.x","article-title":"their endogenous inhibitors cystatins expression and modulation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Haves","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"ref861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc884","article-title":"Strategies for MMP inhibition in cancer : innovations for the post - trial era","author":"Overall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"ref1001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2014.882979","article-title":"Circulating plasma levels of cathepsin are not associated with disease severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Ruge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref511","first-page":"53","article-title":"In vivoimaging of mouse tumours by a lipidated cathepsin substrate","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4459","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0101656","article-title":"Human and parasitic papain - like cysteine proteases : their role in physiology and pathology and recent developments in inhibitor design","author":"Lecaille","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"ref2751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-4-31","article-title":"Neuronal and microglial mechanisms of neuropathic pain","author":"Zhuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"key":"ref1981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3280-2","article-title":"inhibition lowers blood glucose levels in mice","author":"Lafarge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref2041","first-page":"105","author":"Libby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inflammation atherosclerosis Circulation"},{"key":"ref1501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.10.028","article-title":"Functionalin vivoimaging of cysteine cathepsin activity in murine model of inflammation","volume":"19","author":"Cagli\u010d","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"ref2351","first-page":"28029","article-title":"Non - invasive imaging of cysteine cathepsin activity in solid tumors using a Cu - labeled activity - based probe PLoS One","author":"Ren","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"375","article-title":"Role of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of lung cancer","author":"Capelozzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bras"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6042","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-1262","article-title":"Antibody - mediated inhibition of cathepsin S blocks colorectal tumor invasion and angiogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Burden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref1421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200600149","article-title":"The consequences of lysosomotropism on the design of selective cathepsin inhibitors","author":"Black","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chembiochem"},{"key":"ref2551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-3673fje","article-title":"a novel biomarker of adiposity relevance to atherogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Taleb","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref1011","first-page":"2015","article-title":"inhibition suppresses systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis because cathepsin is essential for MHC class II - mediated CD cell and cell priming","author":"Rupanagudi","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref1611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4058","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36335","article-title":"Real - time assessment of inflammation and treatment response in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation","author":"Cortez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7535","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0504961","article-title":"Lysosomotropism of basic cathepsin K inhibitors contributes to increased cellular potencies against off - target cathepsins and reduced functional selectivity","author":"Falgueyret","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Chem"},{"key":"ref2121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513477230","article-title":"di Di and Expression of cathepsins signals a distinctive biochemical trait in CD hematopoietic stem cells of relapsing - remitting multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"19","author":"Martino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scler"},{"key":"ref2131","first-page":"1294","article-title":"structure of human cathepsin Protein","author":"McGrath","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci"},{"key":"ref1881","first-page":"1","article-title":"Roles for cathepsins in insulitis and diabetes in the NOD mouse","volume":"34","author":"Hsing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref1411","first-page":"463","article-title":"The landscape of somatic copy - number alteration across human cancers","author":"Beroukhim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref731","first-page":"213","article-title":"Near - infrared optical imaging of protease activity for tumor detection","author":"Mahmood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.011502","article-title":"hypersensitivity mechanisms at a glance Model","author":"Gangadharan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Dis Mech"},{"key":"ref2441","first-page":"876","article-title":"Analysis of tumour - and stroma - supplied proteolytic networks reveals a brain - metastasis - promoting role for cathepsin","volume":"16","author":"Sevenich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2007.26","article-title":"Non - invasive optical imaging of cysteine protease activity using fluorescently quenched activity - based probes","author":"Blum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"ref1051","first-page":"175","article-title":"Local expression of matrix metalloproteinases cathepsins and their inhibitors during the development of murine antigen - induced arthritis","author":"Schurigt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref1791","first-page":"2916","article-title":"Live imaging of cysteine - cathepsin activity reveals dynamics of focal inflammation angiogenesis and polyp growth One","author":"Gounaris","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref2401","first-page":"3599","article-title":"Mice deficient for the lysosomal proteinase cathepsin D exhibit progressive atrophy of the intestinal mucosa and profound destruction of lymphoid cells","volume":"14","author":"Saftig","year":"1995","journal-title":"J"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2011.10.012","article-title":"Functional imaging of proteases : recent advances in the design and application of substrate - based and activity - based probes","volume":"15","author":"Edgington","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"key":"ref2661","first-page":"135","article-title":"der Improved quenched fluorescent probe for imaging of cysteine cathepsin activity","author":"Verdoes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"ref1201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2092","article-title":"Targeting proteases successes failures future prospects","author":"Turk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref1591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6945","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0828-09.2009","article-title":"The liberation of fractalkine in the dorsal horn requires microglial cathepsin","volume":"29","author":"Clark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"3726","article-title":"and an asparagine - specific endoprotease dominate the proteolytic processing of human myelin basic proteinin vitro","volume":"31","author":"Beck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref1381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.01.003","article-title":"Therapeutic dosing of an orally active selective cathepsin S inhibitor suppresses disease in models of autoimmunity","author":"Baugh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref2101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/bod.2510090602","article-title":"The potential role of lysosomes in tissue distribution of weak bases","author":"MacIntyre","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"key":"ref2501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI181","article-title":"Expression of the elastolytic cathepsins in human atheroma and regulation of their production in smooth muscle cells","author":"Sukhova","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1949","article-title":"cathepsins multifunctional enzymes in cancer","author":"Mohamed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"ref1331","first-page":"713","article-title":"is aberrantly overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"222","article-title":"Imaging of differential protease expression in breast cancers fordetection of aggressive tumor phenotypes","author":"Bremer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref451","first-page":"144","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer the next generation","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"430","article-title":"Determination of cathepsin S abundance and activity in human plasma and implications for clinical investigation","author":"Cox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2007.12.047","article-title":"The discovery of odanacatib a selective inhibitor of cathepsin","volume":"18","author":"Gauthier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"ref1951","first-page":"287","article-title":"The selective role of cathepsins in the lysosomal degradation of endogenous and exogenous proteins","author":"Kominami","year":"1991","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref1911","first-page":"163","article-title":"Jobs Serum cathepsin S is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and the development of type diabetes in a community - based cohort of elderly men Care","author":"Ris\u00e9rus","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref141","first-page":"141","article-title":"is activated during colitis and causes visceral hyperalgesia by a PAR - dependent mechanism in mice","author":"Cattaruzza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2012.00819.x","article-title":"Histopathological analysis of cellular localization of cathepsins in abdominal aortic aneurysm wall","author":"Lohoefer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0689-x","article-title":"pathophysiology of matrix metalloproteases","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiology Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref1351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X13490860","article-title":"Odanacatib in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density a review of clinical evidence","author":"Zerbini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther Musculoskel Dis"},{"key":"ref1811","first-page":"464","article-title":"Korbmacher Proteolytic activation of the epithelial sodium channel by the cysteine protease cathepsin Pfl\u00fcger s Arch","author":"Haerteis","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref841","first-page":"2015","article-title":"der Design of a highly selective quenched activity - based probe and its application in dual colour imaging studies of cathepsin S activity localization","author":"Oresic Bender","journal-title":"Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"ref2231","first-page":"97","article-title":"proteases their inhibitors","author":"Otto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"ref2251","first-page":"76","article-title":"Papazafiropoulou metalloproteinases cardiovascular diseases","volume":"13","author":"Tentolouris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Matrix Hippokratia"},{"key":"ref1371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-4-31","article-title":"Neuronal and microglial mechanisms of neuropathic pain","author":"Zhuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"key":"ref2161","first-page":"154","article-title":"Nascent MHC class Il - invariant chain complexes to lysosomal compartments and proteolysis","author":"Morton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"key":"ref2191","first-page":"25577","article-title":"Human cysteine cathepsins are not reliable markers of infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis One","author":"Naudin","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref531","first-page":"163","article-title":"Jobs Serum cathepsin S is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and the development of type diabetes in a community - based cohort of elderly men Care","author":"Ris\u00e9rus","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref951","first-page":"130","article-title":"elicits itch and signals via protease - activated receptors","author":"Reddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref1031","first-page":"1","article-title":"AT blockade attenuates atherosclerotic plaque destabilization accompanied by the suppression of cathepsin S activity in apoE - deficient mice","author":"Sasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref1481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6042","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-1262","article-title":"Antibody - mediated inhibition of cathepsin S blocks colorectal tumor invasion and angiogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Burden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref2611","first-page":"1630","article-title":"a signalling the cutting edge","volume":"31","author":"Turk","year":"2012","journal-title":"J"},{"key":"ref2451","first-page":"269","article-title":"Human cathepsin chromosomal localization gene structure tissue distribution","author":"Shi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref1861","first-page":"582","article-title":"Extracellular catalase activity protects cysteine cathepsins from inactivation by hydrogen peroxide","author":"Herv\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref1961","first-page":"136","article-title":"Cysteine proteinase inhibitor stefin A as an indicator of efficiency of tumor treatment in mice","author":"Korolenko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"ref881","first-page":"3202","article-title":"Specificity determinants of human cathepsin S revealed by crystal structures of complexes","author":"Pauly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref1301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200702811","article-title":"Selective activity - based probes for cysteine cathepsins","author":"Watzke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"ref2541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.128397","article-title":"cardiovascular risk","author":"Taglieri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref1741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.011502","article-title":"hypersensitivity mechanisms at a glance Model","author":"Gangadharan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Dis Mech"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"59","article-title":"Riese Emerging roles for cysteine proteases in human","author":"Chapman","year":"1997","journal-title":"biology Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"ref2011","first-page":"2004","article-title":"inhibitors Expert","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Pat"},{"key":"ref2051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-007-0753-0","article-title":"Marc Expression of bone resorption genes in osteoarthritis and in osteoporosis","volume":"25","author":"Logar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"ref1091","first-page":"122","article-title":"The emerging relevance of the cysteine protease cathepsin S in disease","author":"Burden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Small Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"ref2181","first-page":"95","article-title":"Cathepsins in human obesity : changes in energy balance predominantly affects cathepsin S in adipose tissue and in circulation","author":"Naour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref2481","first-page":"133","article-title":"from both tumour and tumour - associated cells promote cancer growth and neovascularisation","author":"Burden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dynamic imaging of protease activity with fluorescently quenched activity - based probes","author":"Blum","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"ref931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.065","article-title":"Combined hs predicting inflammation of abdominal aortic aneurysm","author":"Qin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref1601","first-page":"140","article-title":"their involvement in immune responses","author":"Conus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"ref991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80249-6","article-title":"Essential role for cathepsin S in MHC Class II - associated invariant chain processing and peptide loading","author":"Riese","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr987","article-title":"the database of proteolytic enzymes their substrates and inhibitors","author":"Rawlings","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref1241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2011.10.002","article-title":"cathepsins From structure function and regulation to new","author":"Turk","year":"2012","journal-title":"frontiers Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref2461","first-page":"493","article-title":"Deficiency of the cysteine protease cathepsin S impairs microvessel growth","author":"Shi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Res"},{"key":"ref1521","first-page":"141","article-title":"is activated during colitis and causes visceral hyperalgesia by a PAR - dependent mechanism in mice","author":"Cattaruzza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref1531","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lysosomal cysteine proteinase cathepsin S as a potential target for anti - cancer therapy","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Mol"},{"key":"ref1161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.128397","article-title":"cardiovascular risk","author":"Taglieri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref1251","first-page":"403","article-title":"Acid sulphydryl protease from calf lymph nodes","author":"Turnsek","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref1461","first-page":"222","article-title":"Imaging of differential protease expression in breast cancers fordetection of aggressive tumor phenotypes","author":"Bremer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"1872","article-title":"Tear cathepsin as a candidate biomarker for Sj\u00f6gren s syndrome Arthritis","author":"Hamm","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref1661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2011.10.012","article-title":"Functional imaging of proteases : recent advances in the design and application of substrate - based and activity - based probes","volume":"15","author":"Edgington","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"key":"ref1651","first-page":"218","article-title":"Structure of papain","author":"Drenth","year":"1968","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref1261","first-page":"0503","article-title":"antibody - mediated blockade of cathepsin S as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of solid tumors","author":"V\u00e1zquez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref1361","first-page":"289","article-title":"causes inflammatory pain via biased agonism of PAR","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref711","first-page":"256","article-title":"comparison of four cathepsins with collagenolytic activity from rabbit spleen","author":"Maciewicz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref2061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2012.00819.x","article-title":"Histopathological analysis of cellular localization of cathepsins in abdominal aortic aneurysm wall","author":"Lohoefer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"ref2291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0330331","article-title":"Proteases and their inhibitors in neurodegenerative disease a genomic view of the complexity of mammalian proteolytic systems","author":"Puente","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"ref541","article-title":"Jobs Influence of a prudent diet on circulating cathepsin S in humans","volume":"13","author":"Adamsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"ref1581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10655","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610811104","article-title":"Inhibition of spinal microglial cathepsin S for the reversal of neuropathic pain","author":"Clark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref2321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr987","article-title":"the database of proteolytic enzymes their substrates and inhibitors","author":"Rawlings","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref1271","first-page":"286","article-title":"cathepsins modulate anti - angiogenic activities of human endostatin","author":"Veillard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/bod.2510090602","article-title":"The potential role of lysosomes in tissue distribution of weak bases","author":"MacIntyre","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"key":"ref981","first-page":"2015","article-title":"cathepsins activate and inactivate non","author":"Repnik","journal-title":"chemokines Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref1221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(04)00117-5","article-title":"cathepsins proteases - On the main stage of cancer","author":"Turk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref521","first-page":"185","article-title":"Inhibitors of proteases as anticancer drugs","author":"Jedinak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"ref1761","first-page":"543","article-title":"Distinct roles for cysteine cathepsin genes in multistage tumorigenesis Genes","volume":"20","author":"Gocheva","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref501","first-page":"1","article-title":"Roles for cathepsins in insulitis and diabetes in the NOD mouse","volume":"34","author":"Hsing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref851","first-page":"97","article-title":"proteases their inhibitors","author":"Otto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"ref1151","first-page":"171","article-title":"Inactivation of human defensins by elastolytic cathepsins","author":"Taggart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"key":"ref891","first-page":"3000328","article-title":"and pharmacodynamics of the cathepsin inhibitor in healthy subjects","author":"Payne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacokinetics Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref251","first-page":"45","article-title":"Genetic and pharmacological evaluation of cathepsin S in a mouse model of asthma","author":"Deschamps","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref871","first-page":"76","article-title":"Papazafiropoulou metalloproteinases cardiovascular diseases","volume":"13","author":"Tentolouris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Matrix Hippokratia"},{"key":"ref2221","first-page":"2015","article-title":"der Design of a highly selective quenched activity - based probe and its application in dual colour imaging studies of cathepsin S activity localization","author":"Oresic Bender","journal-title":"Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"ref2391","first-page":"2015","article-title":"inhibition suppresses systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis because cathepsin is essential for MHC class II - mediated CD cell and cell priming","author":"Rupanagudi","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref821","first-page":"293","article-title":"Cytochemical demonstration of expression and distribution of non - glycosylated human lysosomal cathepsin in cells","author":"Nissler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref1401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2165\/00129785-200404060-00004","article-title":"Activity - based protein profiling : applications to biomarker discovery in vivoimaging and drug discovery","author":"Berger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"ref1061","first-page":"876","article-title":"Analysis of tumour - and stroma - supplied proteolytic networks reveals a brain - metastasis - promoting role for cathepsin","volume":"16","author":"Sevenich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20010120)95:1<51::AID-IJC1009>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Expression of cathepsins in the progression of prostate carcinoma","volume":"55","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref2711","first-page":"713","article-title":"is aberrantly overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2010.01229.x","article-title":"their endogenous inhibitors cystatins expression and modulation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Haves","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"ref2671","first-page":"281","article-title":"controls angiogenesis and tumor growth via matrix - derived angiogenic factors","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6945","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0828-09.2009","article-title":"The liberation of fractalkine in the dorsal horn requires microglial cathepsin","volume":"29","author":"Clark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"key":"ref811","first-page":"25577","article-title":"Human cysteine cathepsins are not reliable markers of infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis One","author":"Naudin","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref2301","first-page":"401","article-title":"Deficiency of cathepsin S attenuates angiotensin II - induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein - deficient mice","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res"},{"key":"ref1631","first-page":"45","article-title":"Genetic and pharmacological evaluation of cathepsin S in a mouse model of asthma","author":"Deschamps","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref2621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2011.10.002","article-title":"cathepsins From structure function and regulation to new","author":"Turk","year":"2012","journal-title":"frontiers Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref181","first-page":"84","article-title":"mediated fibroblast trans - differentiation contributes to left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res"},{"key":"ref2531","first-page":"171","article-title":"Inactivation of human defensins by elastolytic cathepsins","author":"Taggart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"key":"ref691","first-page":"186","article-title":"Increased serum cathepsin in patients with atherosclerosis diabetes","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref1821","first-page":"1872","article-title":"Tear cathepsin as a candidate biomarker for Sj\u00f6gren s syndrome Arthritis","author":"Hamm","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref381","first-page":"543","article-title":"Distinct roles for cysteine cathepsin genes in multistage tumorigenesis Genes","volume":"20","author":"Gocheva","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref1781","first-page":"105","article-title":"The role of Cathepsin S as a marker of prognosis and predictor of chemotherapy benefit in adjuvant a pilot study","author":"Gormley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000166673.34461.33","article-title":"Immunologic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Firestein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref1431","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dynamic imaging of protease activity with fluorescently quenched activity - based probes","author":"Blum","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"ref781","first-page":"154","article-title":"Nascent MHC class Il - invariant chain complexes to lysosomal compartments and proteolysis","author":"Morton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"key":"ref2431","first-page":"175","article-title":"Local expression of matrix metalloproteinases cathepsins and their inhibitors during the development of murine antigen - induced arthritis","author":"Schurigt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref1971","first-page":"22","article-title":"Constitutive expression of cytotoxic proteases and down - regulation of protease inhibitors in LGL leukemia","author":"Kothapalli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"ref831","first-page":"21","article-title":"superfamily","author":"Ochieng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Care Poor"},{"key":"ref2521","first-page":"276","article-title":"cleave and inactivate secretory leucoprotease inhibitor","author":"Taggart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref2681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200702811","article-title":"Selective activity - based probes for cysteine cathepsins","author":"Watzke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"ref1551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.1290","article-title":"Ren a Correlation between serum cathepsin insulin resistance in type diabetes","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref2471","first-page":"122","article-title":"The emerging relevance of the cysteine protease cathepsin S in disease","author":"Burden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Small Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"ref481","first-page":"582","article-title":"Extracellular catalase activity protects cysteine cathepsins from inactivation by hydrogen peroxide","author":"Herv\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref631","first-page":"2004","article-title":"inhibitors Expert","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Pat"},{"key":"ref971","first-page":"28029","article-title":"Non - invasive imaging of cysteine cathepsin activity in solid tumors using a Cu - labeled activity - based probe PLoS One","author":"Ren","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref2641","first-page":"0503","article-title":"antibody - mediated blockade of cathepsin S as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of solid tumors","author":"V\u00e1zquez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2165\/00129785-200404060-00004","article-title":"Activity - based protein profiling : applications to biomarker discovery in vivoimaging and drug discovery","author":"Berger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"ref1901","first-page":"185","article-title":"Inhibitors of proteases as anticancer drugs","author":"Jedinak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"ref1021","first-page":"3599","article-title":"Mice deficient for the lysosomal proteinase cathepsin D exhibit progressive atrophy of the intestinal mucosa and profound destruction of lymphoid cells","volume":"14","author":"Saftig","year":"1995","journal-title":"J"},{"key":"ref2361","first-page":"2015","article-title":"cathepsins activate and inactivate non","author":"Repnik","journal-title":"chemokines Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513477230","article-title":"di Di and Expression of cathepsins signals a distinctive biochemical trait in CD hematopoietic stem cells of relapsing - remitting multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"19","author":"Martino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scler"},{"key":"ref2141","first-page":"53","article-title":"Selective targeting of tumor and stromal cells by a nanocarrier system displaying lipidated cathepsin inhibitor","author":"Mikhaylov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3280-2","article-title":"inhibition lowers blood glucose levels in mice","author":"Lafarge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref1691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7535","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0504961","article-title":"Lysosomotropism of basic cathepsin K inhibitors contributes to increased cellular potencies against off - target cathepsins and reduced functional selectivity","author":"Falgueyret","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Chem"},{"key":"ref1731","first-page":"119","article-title":"expression an independent prognostic factor in glioblastoma tumours a pilot study","author":"Flannery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10655","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610811104","article-title":"Inhibition of spinal microglial cathepsin S for the reversal of neuropathic pain","author":"Clark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref2201","first-page":"293","article-title":"Cytochemical demonstration of expression and distribution of non - glycosylated human lysosomal cathepsin in cells","author":"Nissler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref271","first-page":"218","article-title":"Structure of papain","author":"Drenth","year":"1968","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Biological Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/bchm.2015.396.issue-8\/hsz-2015-0114\/hsz-2015-0114.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/bchm.2015.396.issue-8\/hsz-2015-0114\/hsz-2015-0114.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T17:49:52Z","timestamp":1614448192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/hsz-2015-0114\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"references-count":270,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/hsz-2015-0114","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-4315","1431-6730"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-4315","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1431-6730","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]}}}