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Depending on the immune status of the affected individual early disease control can be reached by a robust type-I-interferon (type-I-IFN) response restricting viral replication. If type-I-IFN upregulation is impaired, patients develop severe COVID-19 that involves profound alveolitis, endothelitis, complement activation, recruitment of immune cells, as well as immunothrombosis. In patients with proper initial disease control there can be a second flare of type-I-IFN release leading to post-COVID manifestation such as chilblain-like lesions that are characterized by thrombosis of\u00a0small vessels in addition to an inflammatory infiltrate resembling lupus erythematosus (LE). Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2 invades pneumocytes and endothelial cells by acting on angiotensin-II-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It is hypothesized, that viral uptake might downregulate ACE2 bioavailability and enhance angiotensin-II-derived pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state. Since ACE2 is encoded on the X chromosome these conditions might also be influenced by gender-specific regulation. Taken together, SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the vascular compartment leading to variable thrombogenic or inflammatory response depending on the individual immune response status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2021-0245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,17]],"date-time":"2021-10-17T20:06:47Z","timestamp":1634501207000},"page":"1505-1518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular mechanisms of vasculopathy and coagulopathy in COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"402","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1104-4784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzan","family":"Al-Gburi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden , Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Beissert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden , Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden , Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041309505896487_j_hsz-2021-0245_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdullah, M., Chai, P.-S., Chong, M.-Y., Tohit, E.R.M., Ramasamy, R., Pei, C.P., and Vidyadaran, S. 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