{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:53:30Z","timestamp":1780368810455,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"8-9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["123162, 106040, 103664, and 11665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["123162, 106040, 103664, and 11665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The rapid spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics necessitates the development of innovative strategies to enhance their efficacy. One promising approach is incorporating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to synergize antibiotics. Herein, we introduce pH-responsive nanoplexes of plant AMP and sodium alginate (Na-Alg) for the co-delivery of AMP and Vancomycin (VCM) against resistant bacteria. The optimal nanoplexes (VCM-Na-Alg\/AMP) were characterized, revealing a particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity of 159.5\u00a0\u00b1 1.150\u202fnm, 0.149\u00a0\u00b1 0.018,\u00a0\u221223.1\u00a0\u00b1 0.1\u202fmV, 82.34\u00a0\u00b1 0.07\u202f%, and 24.03\u00a0\u00b1 0.10\u202f% w\/w, respectively. The nanoplexes exhibited pH-dependent changes in size and accelerated VCM release at acidic pH.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibacterial studies demonstrated a 2-fold enhanced activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA) and a 5-fold greater MRSA biofilm eradication, compared to bare VCM. Furthermore, the\n                    <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibacterial activity evaluated on a mice model of MRSA systemic infection demonstrated that the nanoplexes reduced MRSA burden by 5-fold in kidneys and 4-fold in liver and blood. The nanoplexes also exhibited reduced inflammation and improved tissue integrity in the treated subjects. These findings present VCM-Na-Alg\/AMP as a novel strategy to augment the efficacy of antibiotics against resistant bacteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2025-0142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T08:04:51Z","timestamp":1762329891000},"page":"369-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Formulation of pH-responsive nanoplexes based on an antimicrobial peptide and sodium alginate for targeted delivery of vancomycin against resistant bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"406","author":[{"given":"Shourok","family":"Shahin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X54001 , Durban , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4421-3783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calvin A.","family":"Omolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X54001 , Durban , South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , United\u00a0States International University-Africa , P. 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Box\u00a014634-00800 , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Elhassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X54001 , Durban , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman A.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X54001 , Durban , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sania","family":"Farukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X54001 , Durban , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasoda","family":"Govender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X54001 , Durban , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mbuso","family":"Faya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X54001 , Durban , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thirumala","family":"Govender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X54001 , Durban , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121816163027711_j_hsz-2025-0142_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afzal, A., Nawfal, I., Mahbubul, I.M., and Kumbar, S.S. 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