{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:58:48Z","timestamp":1790276328900,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antimutagenic, antifungal and antibacterial activities of\n                    <jats:italic>O.\u00a0sanctum<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf extracts, with particular focus on sewage water-borne antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Methanolic, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts were prepared and evaluated for phytochemical constituents, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. The methanolic extract (OsLME) showed the highest phenolic (43.15 \u00b1 0.52\u202fmg\u202fGAE\u202fg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and flavonoid (19.34 \u00b1 0.36\u202fmg\u202fRE\u202fg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) contents and showed the highest antioxidant activity (89.12\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.8\u202f% inhibition at 4,000\u202f\u03bcg\u202fmL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). OsLME did not show mutagenic activity in the tested\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains and showed antimutagenic activity against known mutagens. It also showed the highest antifungal activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (22.11\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.2\u202fmm) and antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with the lowest MIC of 250\u202f\u03bcg\u202fmL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    against\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Thermal stability analysis showed a gradual reduction in bioactivity, particularly at 50\u202f\u00b0C. The findings indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>O.\u00a0sanctum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , especially its methanolic leaf extract, is a promising source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial potential against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2026-0165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:58:06Z","timestamp":1790272686000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical characterization, thermal stability, antimutagenic, antifungal and antibacterial potential of\n                    <i>O.\u00a0sanctum<\/i>\n                    against sewage water borne antibiotic-resistant bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1515","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry , K.S. Saket P.G. College , Ayodhya , 224123 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashutosh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry , K.S. Saket P.G. College , Ayodhya , 224123 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities , Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College , Ghaziabad , 201009 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , 110025 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9056-6619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritu","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology , Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University) , Dehradun , 248002 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asadjon","family":"Kambarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Karshi State Technical University , Karshi , 180100 , Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rano","family":"Toshkodirova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgy , Almalyk State Technical Institute , Almalyk , 110100 , Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makhmudjon","family":"Mirsaidov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering , Namangan State Technical University , Namangan , 160100 , Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092417580284581_j_hsz-2026-0165_ref_001","unstructured":"Ahmad, F., Rani, M., Begum, S.K.G., Ahmed, S.K.J., Rahman, S., Ramani, N.D., and Kumar, A.R. 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Microecol. 22: 100115, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medmic.2024.100115.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmic.2024.100115"},{"key":"2026092417580284581_j_hsz-2026-0165_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arya, R., Faruquee, H.M., Shakya, H., Rahman, S.A., Begum, M.M., Biswas, S.K., Apu, M.A.I., Islam, M.A., Sheikh, M.M.I., and Kim, J.-J. (2024). Harnessing the antibacterial, anti-diabetic and anti-carcinogenic properties of O.\u00a0sanctum Linn (Tulsi). Plants 13: 3516, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants13243516.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13243516"},{"key":"2026092417580284581_j_hsz-2026-0165_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asif, A., Chen, J.S., Hussain, B., Hsu, G.J., Rathod, J., Huang, S.W., Wu, C.-C., and Hsu, B.M. (2024). The escalating threat of human-associated infectious bacteria in surface aquatic resources: insights into prevalence, antibiotic resistance, survival mechanisms, detection and prevention strategies. J.\u00a0Contam. 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(2023). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using O.\u00a0sanctum Linn. and its antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. PeerJ 11: e15590, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.15590.","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15590"},{"key":"2026092417580284581_j_hsz-2026-0165_ref_059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gopalkrishna, A.H., Seshagiri, M., Muddaiah, S., and Shashidara, R. (2016). In vitro antifungal activity of different components of Centratherum anthelminticum and Ocimum sanctum seed oils and their synergism against oral pathogenic fungi. J. Dent. Res. Dent. Clin. Dent. Prospects 10: 92\u201398, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15171\/joddd.2016.015.","DOI":"10.15171\/joddd.2016.015"},{"key":"2026092417580284581_j_hsz-2026-0165_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guedes, B.N., Krambeck, K., Durazzo, A., Lucarini, M., Santini, A., Oliveira, M.B.P.P., Fathi, F., and Souto, E.B. (2024). 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