{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T07:56:40Z","timestamp":1781337400418,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pooled analyses that aggregate data from multiple studies are becoming increasingly common in collaborative epidemiologic research to increase sample size and population diversity. Many biomarkers, such as vitamin D, are routinely analyzed using clinically defined categories rather than their original continuous scales, yet statistical methods for pooling biomarker data across studies have largely focused on continuous biomarkers. Biomarker measurements from different studies are subject to systematic measurement errors and directly pooling them for analyses may lead to biased estimates of the regression parameters. Therefore, study-specific calibration processes must be incorporated in the statistical analyses to address between-study\/assay\/laboratory variability in the biomarker measurements. We propose a likelihood-based method to evaluate biomarker-disease relationships for biomarkers that are continuously measured but analyzed categorically in matched\/nested case-control studies. To account for the additional uncertainties from the calibration processes, we propose a sandwich variance estimator to obtain valid asymptotic variances of the estimated regression parameters. Extensive simulation studies with varying sample sizes and biomarker-disease associations are used to evaluate the finite sample performance of our proposed methods. As an illustration, we apply the methods to a vitamin D pooling project of colorectal cancer to evaluate the effect of categorical vitamin D levels on colorectal cancer risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/ijb-2025-0047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T11:56:07Z","timestamp":1778932567000},"page":"157-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Statistical method for\u00a0pooling categorical biomarker data from\u00a0multi-center matched\/nested case-control studies"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yujie","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics , Columbia Mailman School of Public Health , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ce","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell H.","family":"Gail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina G.","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Smith-Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061307200645422_j_ijb-2025-0047_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Key, TJ, Appleby, PN, Allen, NE, Reeves, GK. Pooling biomarker data from different studies of disease risk, with a focus on endogenous HormonesPooling biomarker data from different studies. 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