{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:56:00Z","timestamp":1785430560470,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The objective of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and hepatoprotective activities of root extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>Premna esculenta<\/jats:italic>\n                    (family: Verbenaceae).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The analgesic activity was evaluated using the acetic-acid-induced writhing test in mice and radiant heat tail-flick method in rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by carrageenan-induced rat\u2019s paw edema, while the thrombolytic activity was evaluated by in vitro clot lysis model. The hepatoprotective activity was investigated against carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In acetic-acid-induced writhing test, chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract at a dose of 200 mg\/kg showed a significant (p&lt;0.001) reduction in the number of writhes with 85.96% and 61.98% of inhibition, respectively. In radiant heat tail-flick method, the ethanolic extract produced 88.49% (p&lt;0.001) elongation of tail-flicking time at 90 min after oral administration at same dose level. In the carrageenan-induced edema test, the ethanolic extract at a dose of 200 mg\/kg showed a significant inhibition of paw edema with 22.68% and 17.24% inhibition after the first and third hours of the study period, respectively. In clot lysis model, the ethanolic extract at 5 mg\/mL induced a significant clot lysis activity (37.69%, p&lt;0.001). Oral administration of ethanolic extract at the dose of 400 mg\/kg\/day for 7 days significantly (p&lt;0.001) reduced the elevated levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamyl oxaloacetate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase compared to the CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -treated control group.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The results of the study demonstrated the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and hepatoprotective activities of roots of\n                    <jats:italic>P. esculenta<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T06:48:36Z","timestamp":1444718916000},"page":"63-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and hepatoprotective activities of roots of\n                    <i>Premna esculenta<\/i>\n                    (Roxb)"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Zobaer","family":"Al Mahmud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talha Bin","family":"Emran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazmul","family":"Qais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitesh C.","family":"Bachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mithun","family":"Sarker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mir Muhammad","family":"Nasir Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209225892065_j_jbcpp-2015-0056_ref_001_w2aab2b8c64b1b7b1ab2ab1Aa","unstructured":"Ahmad F, Khan RA, Rasheed S. 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