{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:56:46Z","timestamp":1790287006528,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2015-0120_s_999_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1aab1c14b1Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The inflammatory response system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depression. The pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon-\u03b3 induce the enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. The induction of IDO reduces the availability of tryptophan for serotonin synthesis. Furthermore, the metabolites of kynurenine pathway have neurotoxic property, which along with decreased serotonin may account for depression-like illness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2015-0120_s_998_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1aab1c14b2Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the effects of treatment with fluoxetine and 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (1-MT) on Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced inflammatory model of depression in mice. Behavioral tests included locomotor activity, forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Oxidative stress was assessed by examining the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and non-protein thiols (NP-SH) in homogenized whole brain samples. Comet assays were performed to assess neurotoxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2015-0120_s_997_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1aab1c14b3Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study demonstrate that BCG treatment resulted in an increase in duration of immobility in FST and TST as compared to the saline group. Further, it produced a significant increase in the brain TBARS levels and decrease in the brain NP-SH levels. The hippocampal tissue from BCG group had significantly more comet cells than the saline group. 1-MT and fluoxetine were able to reverse the BCG-induced depression-like behavior and the derangement in oxidative stress parameters. Fluoxetine and 1-MT also reversed the BCG-induced neurotoxicity in such mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2015-0120_s_996_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1aab1c14b4Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1-Methyl-L-tryptophan exhibits antidepressant-like effect comparable to that of fluoxetine in treating BCG-induced depression-like behavior in mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]],"date-time":"2016-08-10T05:56:23Z","timestamp":1470808583000},"page":"569-576","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Comparison of fluoxetine and 1-methyl-L-tryptophan in treatment of depression-like illness in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced inflammatory model of depression in mice"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Proteesh","family":"Rana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C-604 Supertech Rameshwer Orchid, Kaushambi, Ghaziabad, UP-201010, India , Phone: +91-0120-4570834"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smita","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pravin","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.K.","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.D.","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramod K.","family":"Mediratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_001_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selvaraj V, Veeravalli S, Ramaswamy S, Balo R, Yeragani VK. Depression, suicidality and antidepressants: a coincidence? Indian J Psychiatry 2010;52:17\u201320.","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.58890"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_002_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1b2Aa","unstructured":"Preventing suicide a global imperative. World Health Organization 2014. Available at: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/131056\/1\/9789241564779_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1. Accessed 23 May 2015."},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_003_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christmas DM, Potokar JP, Davies SJ. A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2011;7:431\u20139.","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S17573"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_004_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schiepers OJ, Wichers MC, Maes M. Cytokines and major depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2005;29:201\u201317.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.11.003"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_005_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reichenberg A, Gorman JM, Dieterich DT. Interferon-induced depression and cognitive impairment in hepatitis C virus patients: a 72 week prospective study. AIDS 2005;19:S174\u20138.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000192087.64432.ae"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_006_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreau M, Andre C, O\u2019Connor JC, Dumich SA, Woods JA, Kelley KW, et al. Inoculation of Bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin to mice induces an acute episode of sickness behavior followed by chronic depressive-like behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2008;22:1087\u201395.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.04.001"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_007_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor JC, Lawson MA, Andre C, Briley EM, Szegedi SS, Lestage J, et al. Induction of IDO by bacille Calmette\u2013Guerin is responsible for development of murine depressive-like behavior. J Immunol 2009;182:3202\u201312.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802722"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_008_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maneglier B, Rogez-Kreuz C, Spreux-Varoquaux O, Malleret B, Th\u00e9rond P, Samah B, et al. Comparative effects of two type I interferons, human IFN-\u03b1 and ovine IFN-\u03c4 on indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in primary cultures of human macrophages. Fundam Clin Pharm 2007;21:29\u201334.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2006.00460.x"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_009_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muller N, Schwarz MJ. The immune-mediated alteration of serotonin and glutamate: towards an integrated view of depression. Mol Psychiatr 2007;12:988\u20131000.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002006"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_010_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slattery DA, Hudson AL, Nutt DJ. Invited review: the evolution of antidepressant mechanisms. Fundam Clin Pharm 2004;18:1\u201321.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2004.00195.x"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_011_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lotrich FE. Major depression during interferon-\u03b1 treatment: vulnerability and prevention. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2009;11:417\u201325.","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2009.11.4\/felotrich"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_012_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Platt B, Schulenberg J, Klee N, Nizami M, Clark JA. A depressive phenotype induced by Bacille Calmette Gu\u00e9rin in \u2018susceptible\u2019 animals: sensitivity to antidepressants. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013;226:501\u201313.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2923-6"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_013_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c13Aa","unstructured":"Kulkarni SK, Dandiya PC. Influence of intraventricular administration of norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine on motor activity of rats. Indian J Med Res 1975;63:462\u20138."},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_014_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porsolt RD. Animal models of depression: utility for transgenic research. Rev Neurosci 2000;11:53\u20138.","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.2000.11.1.53"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_015_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steru L, Chermat R, Thierry B, Simon P. The tail suspension test: a new method for screening antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology 1985;85:367\u201370.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428203"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_016_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yaki K. Assay for lipid peroxide in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 1979;95:351\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_017_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Tissue Biophys 1959;82:70\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_018_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostling O, Johanson K. Microelectrophoretic study of radiation induced DNA damages in individual mammalian cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984;123:291\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(84)90411-X"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_019_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c19Aa","unstructured":"Dhawan A, Baypayee M, Pandey AK, Parmar D. Protocol for the single cell gel electrophoresis\/comet assay for rapid genotoxicity assessment. [Internet]. Available at: http:\/\/www.cometassayindia.org\/protocol%20for%20comet%20assay.pdf. Accessed 20 May 2015."},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_020_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Man\u00e9glier B, Malleret B, Guillemin GJ, Spreux-Varoquaux O, Devillier P, Rogez-Kreuz C. Modulation of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase expression and activity by HIV-1 in human macrophages. Fundam Clin Pharm 2009;23:573\u201381.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2009.00703.x"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_021_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaster MP, Gadotti VM, Calixto JB, Santos AR, Rodrigues AL. Depressive-like behavior induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in mice. Neuropharmacology 2012;62:419\u201326.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.08.018"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_022_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubera M, Curzytek K, Duda W, Leskiewicz M, Basta-Kaim A, Budziszewska B, et al. A new animal model of (chronic) depression induced by repeated and intermittent lipopolysaccharide administration for 4 months. Brain Behav Immun 2013;31:96\u2013104.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.01.001"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_023_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu D, Wang Z, Liu S, Wang F, Zhao S, Hao A. Anti-inflammatory effects of fluoxetine in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated microglial cells. Neuropharmacology 2011;61:592\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.04.033"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_024_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c24Aa","unstructured":"Abdel-Salam OM, Youssef Morsy SM, Sleem AA. The effect of different antidepressant drugs on oxidative stress after lipopolysaccharide administration in mice. EXCLI J 2011;10:290\u2013302."},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_025_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da Silva AI, Monteiro Galindo LC, Nascimento L, Moura Freitas C, Manhaes-de-Castro R, Lagranha CJ. Fluoxetine treatment of rat neonates significantly reduces oxidative stress in the hippocampus and in behavioral indicators of anxiety later in postnatal life. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014;92:330\u20137.","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2013-0321"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_026_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musselman DL, Lawson DH, Gumnick JF, Manatunga AK, Penna S, Goodkin RS, et al. Paroxetine for the prevention of depression induced by high-dose interferon alfa. N Engl J Med 2001;344:961\u20136.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103293441303"},{"key":"2025121209190940135_j_jbcpp-2015-0120_ref_027_w2aab2b8c12b1b7b1ab2b1c27Aa","unstructured":"Levenson JL, Fallon HJ. Fluoxetine treatment of depression caused by interferon-alpha. Am J Gastroenterol 1993;88:760\u20131."}],"container-title":["Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/jbcpp.2016.27.issue-6\/jbcpp-2015-0120\/jbcpp-2015-0120.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0120\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0120\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:06:07Z","timestamp":1765541167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0120\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0120","relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-0286","0792-6855"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2191-0286","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0792-6855","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]}}}