{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:20:34Z","timestamp":1765542034165,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2016-0066_s_999_w2aab2b8c27b1b7b1aab1c14b1Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this ethnopharmacological study, methanolic extract of the aerial plant parts of\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites karka<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Family: Poaceae) and its petroleum ether and carbon tetrachloride fractions were investigated for bioactivities in Swiss-albino mice, namely, analgesic, central nervous system (CNS) depressant, hypoglycemic, and antidiarrheal activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2016-0066_s_998_w2aab2b8c27b1b7b1aab1c14b2Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cold methanolic extract of the aerial plant parts of\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites karka<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MEPK) was first prepared, and it was then further fractionated as petroleum ether (PEFMEPK) and carbon tetrachloride (CTFMEPK) fractions. Analgesic activity was performed employing acidic acid-induced writhing test, central analgesic effect by radiant heat tail-flick method. CNS depressant activity was evaluated by phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time test. Hypoglycemic activity was tested by glucose tolerance test (GTT). Antidiarrheal activity was evaluated by castor oil-induced diarrhea method. For all in vivo tests, doses of 200 and 400 mg\/kg body weight were used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2016-0066_s_997_w2aab2b8c27b1b7b1aab1c14b3Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the mice model, the MEPK, PEFMEPK, and CTFMEPK fractions showed significant peripheral analgesic activity at a dose of 400 mg\/kg body weight with percentage of inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing 77.67 (p&lt;0.001), 33.50 (p&lt;0.001), and 40.29 (p&lt;0.001), respectively, compared to the standard dichlofenac (60.68%, p&lt;0.001) group. The hypoglycemic properties of MEPK, PEFMEPK, and CTFMEPK extracts were evaluated in normoglycemic mice where the reduction of blood glucose level after 30 min of glucose load were 69.85%, 78.91%, and 72.73%, respectively, and for standard glibenclamide, the reduction was 72.85%. All results were significant (p&lt;0.05). In the case of the CNS depressant activity by phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time test, the crude ME significantly reduced sleep latency by 57.14% and increased the duration of sleep by 63.29% compared to the control, which were comparable to that of standard diazepam (65.71% and 77.62%, respectively). Among all the extract and fractions, methanolic extract showed the maximum antidiarrheal effect. The methanolic extract at 200 mg\/kg dose induced a significant decrease in the total number of defecation in 4 h (69.05% of inhibition, p&lt;0.001) and at 400 mg\/kg dose showed 76.19% of inhibition (p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2016-0066_s_996_w2aab2b8c27b1b7b1aab1c14b4Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In light of the available literature, these findings represent the first experimental investigation of biological activities of\n                      <jats:italic>P. karka<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the perspective of their traditional use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2016-0066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T05:01:27Z","timestamp":1484110887000},"page":"283-291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ethnopharmacological investigation of the aerial part of\n                    <i>Phragmites karka<\/i>\n                    (Poaceae)"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ramiz Ahmed","family":"Sultan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Shah Hafez","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mir Muhammad Nasir","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh , Phone: +88-031-726311-14, ext. 4486; +8801712725987"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohi","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zobaer Al","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheikh Zahir","family":"Raihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazmul","family":"Qais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209211957058_j_jbcpp-2016-0066_ref_001_w2aab2b8c27b1b7b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansari SH, Islam F, Sameem M. 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