{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T11:45:24Z","timestamp":1765539924363,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2016-0140_s_999_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c14b1Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the cytotoxic, thrombolytic, analgesic, sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic activities of the methanolic extract of\n                      <jats:italic>Ficus cunia<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaves.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2016-0140_s_998_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c14b2Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Primary phytochemical screening was accomplished by using established methods. Cytotoxicity was studied by brine shrimp lethality test, and the thrombolytic assay was conducted through clot lysis method with human blood. The\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      action was done using mice of both sexes. The analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test. Open field, hole cross and thiopental Na-induced sleeping time test were used to examine the sedative-hypnotic activity, and elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole board test were used to identify the anxiolytic activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2016-0140_s_997_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c14b3Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results elicited that the extract contained several phytochemicals such as alkaloid, flavonoid, and tannin. The extract was found to have a median lethal concentration (LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) value of 55.48 \u03bcg\/mL in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. It was also assessed for antithrombotic activity when compared with streptokinase; it has significant (p &lt; 0.001) thrombolytic effect (34.72 \u00b1 1.74%) contrasted with standard streptokinase (67 \u00b1 1.56%). The extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg\/kg produced inhibition of 32.58% and 46.63% in acetic acid-induced pain and 45.88 and 61.18% in formalin-induced pain. The sedative and hypnotic activities on the central nervous system of the methanol extract of\n                      <jats:italic>F. cunia<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MEFC) leaves were evaluated. The extract delivered critical sedative impact at the doses of 200 and 400 mg\/kg (by oral route) treated with reference to the substance diazepam, and the hypnotic impact was also observed in the case of mice. MEFC at its maximum dose (400 mg\/kg) significantly (p &lt; 0.01) increased the time spent in the open arms of the EPM. In the hole board test, there was a dose-dependent (at 200 and 400 mg\/kg) and a significant (p\n                      <jats:italic>&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.05 and p &lt; 0.01) increase in the number of head pokes in comparison to control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2016-0140_s_996_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c14b4Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the present study gave a helpful baseline in progression for the possible use of MEFC as a cytotoxic, thrombolytic, analgesic, sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic drug.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2016-0140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,7]],"date-time":"2019-07-07T09:09:28Z","timestamp":1562490568000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>Ficus cunia<\/i>\n                    Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. (leaves): An experimental evaluation of the cytotoxicity, thrombolytic, analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of its methanol extract"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Abul","family":"Hasanat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Chittagong , Chittagong , Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , State University of Bangladesh (SUB) , Dhaka , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Shah Hafez","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Chittagong , Chittagong , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Alam","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Chittagong , Chittagong , Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , State University of Bangladesh (SUB) , Dhaka , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanvir Ahmad","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Chittagong , Chittagong , Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , State University of Bangladesh (SUB) , Dhaka , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Munawar","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Chittagong , Chittagong , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Nazmul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Chittagong , Chittagong , Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , State University of Bangladesh (SUB) , Dhaka , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shabbir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Chittagong , Chittagong , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2329-0867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Nazim Uddin","family":"Chy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Chittagong , Chittagong , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md.","family":"Adnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Chittagong , Chittagong , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.T.M. Mostafa","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering , International Islamic University Chittagong , Chittagong , Bangladesh , Phone: +88-031-610085, 610308, 625230, Ext-160, Cell-01911459955"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_001_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birru EM, Asrie AB, Adinew GM, Tsegaw A. Antidiarrheal activity of crude methanolic root extract of Idigofera spicata Forssk.(Fabaceae). BMC Complement Altern Med 2016;16:272.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1252-4"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_002_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain MF, Talukder B, Rana MN, Tasnim R, Nipun TS, Uddin SM, et al. In vivo sedative activity of methanolic extract of Stericulia villosa Roxb. leaves. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016;16:398.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1374-8"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_003_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2b3Aa","unstructured":"Wagstaff DJ. Genesis to genesis: a historic perspective of plant toxicology. In: Tam G, Catherine AB eds. Toxic Plants Other Nat Toxic. Wallingford, London: CABI (1st edition); 1998, p. 9\u201310."},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_004_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2b4Aa","unstructured":"Farnsworth NR, Akerele O, Bingel AS, Soejarto DD, Guo Z. Medicinal plants in therapy. Bull World Health Organ 1985;63:965."},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_005_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shajib M, Akter S, Ahmed T, Imam MZ. Antinociceptive and neuropharmacological activities of methanol extract of Phoenix sylvestris fruit pulp. Front Pharmacol 2015;6:212.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2015.00212"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_006_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kundal J, Singh SV PM. Extraction of natural dye from Ficus cunia and dyeing of polyester cotton and wool fabric using different mordants, with evaluation of colour fastness properties. Nat Prod Chem Res 2016;4:214.","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-6836.1000214"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_007_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lansky EP, Paavilainen HM. Figs: the genus Ficus. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2010:415.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420089677"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_008_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheikh Y, Maibam BC, Biswas D, Laisharm S, Deb L, Talukdar NC, et al. Anti-diabetic potential of selected ethno-medicinal plants of north east India. J Ethnopharmacol 2015;171:37\u201341.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.05.030"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_009_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-douri NA. A survey of medicinal plants and their traditional uses in Iraq. Pharm Biol 2000;38:74\u20139.","DOI":"10.1076\/1388-0209(200001)3811-BFT074"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_010_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh HB, Prasad P, Rai LK. Folk medicinal plants in the Sikkim Himalayas of India. Asian Folkl Stud 2002;295\u2013310.","DOI":"10.2307\/1178975"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_011_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray S, Ahmed H, Basu S, Chatterjee BP. Purification, characterisation, and carbohydrate specificity of the lectin of Ficus cunia. Carbohydr Res 1993;242:247\u201363.","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6215(93)80038-G"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_012_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c12Aa","unstructured":"Adhya M, Singha B, Chatterjee BP. Ficus cunia agglutinin for recognition of bacteria. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2006;43:94\u20137."},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_013_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c13Aa","unstructured":"Sofowora A. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Somerset, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1982:256."},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_014_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putnam JE, Jacobsen LB, Nichols DE, McLaughlin JL. Brine shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Planta Med 1982;45:31\u20134.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971236"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_015_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasad S, Kashyap RS, Deopujari JY, Purohit HJ, Taori GM, Daginawala HF. Development of an in vitro model to study clot lysis activity of thrombolytic drugs. Thromb J 2006;4:14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-9560-4-14"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_016_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walum E. Acute oral toxicity. Environ Heal Perspect 1998;106:497\u2013503.","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.98106497"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_017_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c17Aa","unstructured":"Korster R, Anderson M, de Veer EJ. Acetic acid for analgesic screening. Fed Pro 1959;18:412."},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_018_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabir MS, Hossain MM, Rahman MM, Hossain MS. Antidepressant, anxiolytic and anti-nociceptive activities of ethanol extract of Steudnera colocasiifolia K. Koch leaves in mice model. J Coast Life Med 2015;3:890\u20134.","DOI":"10.12980\/jclm.3.2015j5-60"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_019_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c19Aa","unstructured":"Okokon JE, Nwafor PA. Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of ethanolic root extract of Croton zambesicus. Pak J Pharm Sci 2010;23:385\u201392."},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_020_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c20Aa","unstructured":"Kulkarni SK, Reddy DS. Animal behavioral models for testing antianxiety agents. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1996;18:219\u201330."},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_021_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takagi K, Watanabe M, Saito H. Studies of the spontaneous movement of animals by the hole cross test; effect of 2-dimethyl-aminoethanol and its acyl esters on the central nervous system. Jpn J Pharmacol 1971;21:797\u2013810.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5198(19)36179-7"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_022_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c22Aa","unstructured":"Ferrini R, Miragoli G, Taccardi B. Neuro-pharmacological studies on SB 5833, a new psychotherapeutic agent of the benzodiazepine class. Arzneimittelforschung 1974;24:2029."},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_023_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellow S, File SE. Anxiolytic and anxiogenic drug effects on exploratory activity in an elevated plus-maze: a novel test of anxiety in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1986;24:525\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(86)90552-6"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_024_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonavane GS, Sarveiya VP, Kasture VS, Kasture SB. Anxiogenic activity of Myristica fragrans seeds. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002;71:239\u201344.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00660-8"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_025_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apu AS, Muhit MA, Tareq SM, Pathan AH, Jamaluddin AT, Ahmed M. Antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of the leaves extract of Dillenia indica Linn. J Young Pharm 2010;2:50\u20133.","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-1483.62213"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_026_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roncal C, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Salicio A, Chevilley A, Rodriguez JA, Rosell A, et al. New thrombolytic strategy providing neuroprotection in experimental ischemic stroke: MMP10 alone or in combination with tissue-type plasminogen activator. Cardiovasc Res. 2017;113(10):1219\u201329.","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx069"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_027_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c27Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukhametova LI, Aisina RB, Zakharyan EM, Karakhanov EA, Gershkovich KB, Varfolomeyev SD. Thrombolytic and fibrinogenolytic properties of bioconjugate streptokinase-polyamidoamine dendrimers in vitro. Thromb Res 2017;154:50\u20132.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2017.04.008"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_028_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c28Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali MS, Amin MR, Kamal CM, Hossain MA. In vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic activities and phytochemical evaluation of methanol extract of the A. philippense L. leaves. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013;3:464\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(13)60097-0"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_029_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c29Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riaz M, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Saad B. Anthocyanins and human health: biomolecular and therapeutic aspects. SpringerBriefs Food, Heal Nutr. 2016;125\u2013138. DOI: 10.1007\/978-3-319-26456-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26456-1_9"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_030_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c30Aa","unstructured":"Raj PP. Pain medicine: a comprehensive review. Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby, 1996:571."},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_031_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c31Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikeda Y, Ueno A, Naraba H, Oh-ishi S. Involvement of vanilloid receptor VR1 and prostanoids in the acid-induced writhing responses of mice. Life Sci 2001;69:2911\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01374-1"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_032_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c32Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam S, Shajib S, Ahmed T. Antinociceptive effect of methanol extract of Celosia cristata Linn. in mice. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016;16:400.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1393-5"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_033_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c33Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Middleton E, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2000;52:673\u2013751.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01472-8"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_034_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c34Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Havsteen BH. The biochemistry and medical significance of the flavonoids. Pharmacol Ther 2002;96:67\u2013202.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(02)00298-X"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_035_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c35Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aquila S, Giner RM, Recio MC, Spegazzini ED, R\u00edos JL. Anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids from Cayaponia tayuya roots. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;121:333\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.11.002"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_036_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c36Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubuisson D, Dennis SG. The formalin test: a quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine, and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats. Pain 1977;4:161\u201374.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(77)90130-0"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_037_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c37Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunskaar S, Berge O-G, Hole K. Dissociation between antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin in the formalin test. Pain 1986;25:125\u201332.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90014-X"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_038_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c38Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Y-F, Tsai H-Y, Wu T-S. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities from roots of Angelica pubescens. Planta Med 1995;61:2\u20138.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957987"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_039_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c39Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma PR, Joharapurkar AA, Chatpalliwar VA, Asnani AJ. Antinociceptive activity of alcoholic extract of Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;102:298\u2013301.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.05.039"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_040_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c40Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang F, Xiong Y, Xu L, Ma S, Dou C. Sedative and hypnotic activities of the ethanol fraction from Fructus Schisandrae in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;110:471\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.10.008"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_041_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c41Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera-Ruiz M, Guti\u00e9rrez C, Jim\u00e9nez-Ferrer JE, Tortoriello J, Mir\u00f3n G, Le\u00f3n I. Central nervous system depressant activity of an ethyl acetate extract from Ipomoea stans roots. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;112:243\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.03.004"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_042_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c42Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"File SE, Wardill AG. Validity of head-dipping as a measure of exploration in a modified hole-board. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1975;44:53\u20139.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00421184"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_043_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c43Aa","unstructured":"Roy-Byrne PP. The GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex: structure, function, and role in anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;66:14\u201320."},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_044_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c44Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Yun Danbolt N. GABA and glutamate transporters in brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013;4:165.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00165"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_045_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c45Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinbach JH, Akk G. Modulation of GABAA receptor channel gating by pentobarbital. J Physiol 2001;537:715\u201333.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.012818"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_046_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c46Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sivam SP, Nabeshima T, Ho IK. Acute and chronic effects of pentobarbital in relation to postsynaptic GABA receptors: a study with muscimol. J Neurosci Res 1982;7:37\u201347.","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490070105"},{"key":"2025121209085050452_j_jbcpp-2016-0140_ref_047_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab2b2c47Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takeda H, Tsuji M, Matsumiya T. Changes in head-dipping behavior in the hole-board test reflect the anxiogenic and\/or anxiolytic state in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 1998;350:21\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00223-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/jbcpp.2019.30.issue-4\/jbcpp-2016-0140\/jbcpp-2016-0140.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2016-0140\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2016-0140\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T11:40:38Z","timestamp":1765539638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2016-0140\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jbcpp-2016-0140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2016-0140","relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-0286","0792-6855"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2191-0286"},{"type":"print","value":"0792-6855"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"article-number":"20160140"}}