{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:14:25Z","timestamp":1783469665611,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2018-0191_s_999_w2aab3b7c73b1b6b1aab1c14b1Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Doxorubicin (DOX) induces toxicity in many tissues\/organs, including the heart, kidney and so on. This study was designed to evaluate the modulatory effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Animals were randomly grouped into five groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2018-0191_s_998_w2aab3b7c73b1b6b1aab1c14b2Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group 1 served as the normal control (CTR). A single dose of DOX at 20 mg\/kg was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to animals in Group 2. Groups 3 and 4 were pretreated with PCA for 5 days (doses of 10 and 20 mg\/kg body weight, respectively) after which DOX was injected (PCA-10 + DOX and PCA-20 + DOX). Group 5 received PCA only at a dose of 20 mg\/kg body weight (PCA-20).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2018-0191_s_997_w2aab3b7c73b1b6b1aab1c14b3Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results revealed significant elevations (p &lt; 0.05) in malondialdehyde content, expressions of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in the kidney. Likewise, increased serum levels of creatinine and urea of DOX group were observed. A significant decrease (p &lt; 0.05) in glutathione (GSH) level and antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione s- transferase (GST) activities in the kidney were observed compared with the control. Pretreatment with PCA (10 and 20 mg\/kg, p.o.) for 5 days prior to the i.p. injection of DOX reduced MDA levels, modulated iNOS and COX2 activities and improved kidney function markers as well as oxidative stress parameters. Findings from the histopathology studies confirms the protective effects of PCA on DOX-induced damage on the kidney cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2018-0191_s_996_w2aab3b7c73b1b6b1aab1c14b4Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of PCA, which could be part of its possible protective mechanisms against nephrotoxicity induced by DOX.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2018-0191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,7]],"date-time":"2019-07-07T09:09:28Z","timestamp":1562490568000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Protective mechanisms of protocatechuic acid against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat model"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Olorunfemi R.","family":"Molehin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Ekiti State University , Ado-Ekiti P.M.B.5363 , Ado-Ekiti , Nigeria , Phone: +234-803-462-1267"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne A.","family":"Adeyanju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences , McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo , Ajebo, Ogun State , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Adefegha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry , Federal University of Technology , Akure, Nigeria P.M.B., 704 , Akure 340001 , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajibade O.","family":"Oyeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Ekiti State University , Ado-Ekiti P.M.B.5363 , Ado-Ekiti , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kehinde A.","family":"Idowu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine , Ekiti State University , Ado-Ekiti., P.M.B. 5363 , Ado-Ekiti , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209204283941_j_jbcpp-2018-0191_ref_001_w2aab3b7c73b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Refaie MM, Amin EF, El-Tahawy NF, Abdelrahman AM. 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