{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:31:59Z","timestamp":1781620319190,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0338_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are highly prevalent in various countries, and heart failure accounts for the majority of deaths. The present study focuses on determining the protective effect of ethanol extract of leaves of\n                      <jats:italic>Tamarindus indica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (TIEE) by\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0338_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      cardiotonic activity was determined using Langendorff\u2019s heart perfusion assembly.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies were performed using Doxorubicin (1.5\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p for seven\u00a0days) induced cardiotoxicity in rats. These animals were simultaneously treated with the TIEE at a low dose (200\u00a0mg\/kg, p.o), high dose (400\u00a0mg\/kg, p.o) and standard drug Digoxin (100\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg, p.o) for seven\u00a0days. At the end of the study, various parameters like electrocardiogram (ECG) recording, serum levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), and presence of cardiac troponin (cTnI) were determined\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Isolated hearts were subjected to histopathological studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0338_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The TIEE at a concentration of 60\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL showed a significant cardiotonic effect\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      that was evident by increased force of contraction, heart rate, and cardiac output.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies revealed that the TIEE decreased the prolongation of QT and RR interval of ECG, lowered the serum enzyme levels like LDH, CPK indicating cardiac protection, and the same was established by the absence of cTnI in blood. Histopathological examinations of heart tissue sections showed improved architecture in the treatment groups when compared with diseased groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0338_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study revealed the cardioprotective activity of\n                      <jats:italic>T.\u00a0indica<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaf extract by both\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T18:16:50Z","timestamp":1619720210000},"page":"363-371","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>Tamarindus indica.<\/i>\n                    Linn leaves ameliorates experimental induced heart failure in Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4437-0236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajira Banu","family":"Haroon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , M. 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