{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T03:39:25Z","timestamp":1777261165018,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008463","name":"Universitas Airlangga","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Penelitian Unggulan Lembaga Penyakit Tropis\/No. 297\/UN3.9.4\/PT\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Penelitian Unggulan Lembaga Penyakit Tropis\/No. 297\/UN3.9.4\/PT\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008463","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0394_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The antimalarial drug resistance is an obstacle in the effort to overcome malaria. The new alternative antimalarial drug became in great attention of urgent need. Current antimalarial drugs were derived from plants. Therefore, the plant is considering a potential source of new drugs.\n                      <jats:italic>Cratoxylum sumatranum<\/jats:italic>\n                      belongs to the Hypericaceae family contain xanthones and phenolic compounds, which was reported for their antimalarial activities. This study aims to determine the antimalarial activities of\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0sumatranum<\/jats:italic>\n                      extracts and fractions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0394_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Cratoxylum<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0sumatranum<\/jats:italic>\n                      stem bark (BP14-SB) collected from Balikpapan Botanical Garden in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, was extracted gradually with n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol by ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. All extracts were tested against\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      3D7 by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and followed by IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      determination. The most active extract was further separated and tested for their antimalarial activities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0394_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results showed that dichloromethane stem bark extract (BP14-SB-D) had the strongest inhibition of parasite growth with the IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      value of 0.44\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.05\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL and moderately toxic with the CC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      value of 29.09\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.05\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL. Further fractionation of BP14-SB-D by open column chromatography using silica gel and gradient hexane\u2013ethyl acetate obtained 12 fractions. LDH assay for these 12 fractions of\u00a0BP14-SB-D showed that Fraction-6 (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      value of 0.19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.03\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) was performed the strongest inhibition of parasite growth, compared to other fractions. TLC identification showed that BP14-SB-D contains xanthone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0394_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The dichloromethane extract of\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0sumatranum<\/jats:italic>\n                      stem bark (BP14-SB-D) and Fraction-6 from this extract exhibited antimalarial activity and the potential to be developed an antimalarial substance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T14:31:11Z","timestamp":1625236271000},"page":"817-822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>Cratoxylum sumatranum<\/i>\n                    stem bark exhibited antimalarial activity by Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Lidya","family":"Tumewu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Medicine Research and Development , Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"},{"name":"Doctoral Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fendi Yoga","family":"Wardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Medicine Research and Development , Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilkatul","family":"Ilmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Medicine Research and Development , Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adita Ayu","family":"Permanasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Medicine Research and Development , Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Achmad Fuad","family":"Hafid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Medicine Research and Development , Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aty","family":"Widyawaruyanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Medicine Research and Development , Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209225086327_j_jbcpp-2020-0394_ref_001","unstructured":"WHO. 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