{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:36:06Z","timestamp":1783528566480,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0396_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antibiotic treatments can create multi-drug resistance among several pathogens. There is a need for an antibiotic alternative to overcome this problem. In Indonesia,\n                      <jats:italic>Centella asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Asiatic pennywort) and\n                      <jats:italic>Gigantochloa apus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (string bamboo) are two common medicinal plants used to treat tuberculosis, diarrhea, and other symptoms. This study was done to compare the antimicrobial activity of\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>G.\u00a0apus<\/jats:italic>\n                      against five pathogenic bacteria, i.e.,\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      H37Rv strain,\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0396_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ethanol extracts of\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>G.\u00a0apus<\/jats:italic>\n                      shoot were obtained by using speed extractor, pressure, and temperature extraction. The phytochemical contents of each extract were screened. The ethanol extract\u2019s antimycobacterial activity was determined using Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium and antibacterial activity was determined using Kirby\u2013Bauer methods on Mueller Hinton agar (MHA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0396_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The phytochemical analysis showed that\n                      <jats:italic>G.\u00a0apus<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract contains alkaloids and tannins, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. This study showed that\n                      <jats:italic>G.\u00a0apus<\/jats:italic>\n                      inhibited the growth of\n                      <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      H37Rv strain and\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u00a0typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed antimicrobial activity against all pathogenic bacteria tested, except\n                      <jats:italic>B.\u00a0subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0396_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both medicinal plants extract can inhibit the growth of five pathogenic bacteria tested, thus, have the potential as an alternative treatment, or complementary, to treat the pathogenic bacterial infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T14:31:11Z","timestamp":1625236271000},"page":"755-759","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Antimicrobial activity of\n                    <i>Centella asiatica<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Gigantochloa apus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Siti","family":"Mudaliana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Herbal of Materia Medica Batu, Public Health Office of East Java Province , Batu , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209225084427_j_jbcpp-2020-0396_ref_001","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Global tuberculosis report 2018; 2018. Available from: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/274453\/9789241565646-eng.pdf?ua=1."},{"key":"2025121209225084427_j_jbcpp-2020-0396_ref_002","unstructured":"Balitbangkes. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2018."},{"key":"2025121209225084427_j_jbcpp-2020-0396_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veerendra Kumar, MH, Gupta, YK. Effect of different extracts of Centella asiatica on cognition and markers of oxidative stress in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;79:253\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00394-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00394-4"},{"key":"2025121209225084427_j_jbcpp-2020-0396_ref_004","unstructured":"Dash, BK, Faruquee, HM, Biswas, SK, Alam, MK, Sisir, SM, Prodhan, UK. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of several extracts of Centella asiatica L. against some human pathogenic microbes. 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