{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T11:31:43Z","timestamp":1765539103421,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008463","name":"Universitas Airlangga","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008463","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0413_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is considered as a major immunosuppressive disease linked to malignancies and other opportunistic infections. Recently, the high prevalence of HIV drug-resistant strains required a high demand for novel antiviral drug development, especially in herbal medicine approaches. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of\n                      <jats:italic>Ficus fistulosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaves can inhibit HIV replication in ethanol extract form as well as its fractions using chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol solvents.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0413_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>F.\u00a0fistulosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaves were extracted using ethanol as a solvent and further gradually fractionated in chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol solvents. The targeted persistently infected virus (MT4\/HIV) cell lines were cocultured with ethanol extract and fractions at different time points. The syncytium formation and cytotoxicity assays were performed to evaluate the potential antiviral activity of\n                      <jats:italic>F.\u00a0fistulosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaves.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0413_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One of the four tested extract\/fractions showed\u00a0antiviral activity against HIV. The ethanol extract\u00a0showed weak inhibition with a high level of toxicity (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08.96\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, CC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0\u226550\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, and SI\u00a0=\u00a05.58). Meanwhile, chloroform fraction effectively inhibited the MT4\/HIV cell proliferation while keeping the toxicity to a minimal level (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03.27\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, CC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a029.30\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, and SI\u00a0=\u00a08.96). In contrast of ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction showed no anti HIV activity with a high level of toxicity (CC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0\u226550\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) and low SI value (&gt;2.17\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL and &gt;0.97\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0413_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chloroform fraction of\n                      <jats:italic>F.\u00a0fistulosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaves showed effectively as anti-viral activity against MT4\/HIV cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T14:31:11Z","timestamp":1625236271000},"page":"737-742","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Screening of anti-HIV activities in ethanol extract and fractions from\n                    <i>Ficus fistulosa<\/i>\n                    leaves"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Siti Qamariyah","family":"Khairunisa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dwi Wahyu","family":"Indriati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Study Group , Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"},{"name":"Departement of Health , Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidya","family":"Tumewu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Medicine Research and Development , Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aty","family":"Widyawaruyanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Medicine Research and Development , Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy , Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasronudin","family":"Nasronudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Study Group , Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"},{"name":"Airlangga University Hospital , Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209024966381_j_jbcpp-2020-0413_ref_001","unstructured":"WHO. 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